Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below (numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
(numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
Field Data Summary
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype
Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
1. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates.
2. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates.
3.Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate.
4. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate.
5. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage?
6.What environmental change gave a selective advantage for one coat color over another?
7. In a separate study, 76 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Arizona. The other three were in New Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three New Mexico locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Arizona population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 76 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
8. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1)

frequencies of light-colored mice  ≅ 0.74frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.26

2)

frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.87

3)

q² = 0.74p² = 0.02 2pq = 0.24      

4)

q² = 0.13p² = 0.42pq = 0.46

5)

The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage

6)

Dark lava, that changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.

7)

Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color. All of the animals are inhabiting dark substrate, which means that this environmental condition is favoring the same phenotype.

8)

To see if the mice population is evolving, you need to take a sample of animals per year, through many years, and analyze if it is changing or not. If the population is evolving, you will notice a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years, favoring one genotype or the other. If the population is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years, it will not change.

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.


Related Questions

Write the correct type of mutation that occurred in creating the mRNA strand for each of the following
examples. Original DNA: ATCCGCTTACG
a. UUGGCGAAUCG: __________________
b. UATGGCGAAUCG: _________________
c. UGGCGAAUCG:__________________

Answers

Answer:

a. the second nucleotide is wrong. It is a U but should be an A. No other nucleotides were effected by this, only the one was effected. This is a Point (Substitution) Mutation.

b. the third nucleotide is wrong. It is a T that was inserted. As you can see, the rest of the nucleotides are right, but since the T was added, it will mess up how the rest of the sequence is read. It will be read UAT GGC GAA... instead of UAG GCG AAU... see how it messed it up? This is an Insertion (Addition) Mutation.

c. the second nucleotide was deleted. This is called a Deletion Mutation. It will mess up the rest of the sequence, similar to how the example above did.

I hope that helped you understand!

Which of the following cellular components would be most sensitive to phospholipases?

The lipid bilayer
Cholesterol
Microfilaments

Answers

Answer:

cholesterol

Explanation:

it enhances Chlorophile in plants thus also deals in rate of photosynthesis

Please answer!!

Read the paragraph from the section "Types Of
Isolation."There are biological properties of organisms
that prevent breeding across different species. They are
known as reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIMs). A
mechanism is a process or method. Which option is the
BEST definition of "properties" as it is used in the
paragraph above?

Answers

The correct answer is B. Traits or features that take effect.

Explanation

Property is a word to designate any quality that identifies identifying something or someone, distinguishing it from its peers. It can refer to different issues such as its characteristics, capabilities, possibilities, physical appearance, among others. According to the text, "There are biological properties of organisms that prevent breeding across different species". So the answer is B. Traits or features that take effect.

Name:______________________________ DNA Structure Student Practice (12. 1) Modified True/False Statements: If the statement true, write True in the blank. If the statement is is false, write False in the blank and correct the underlined word to make the statement true. The building blocks of DNA molecules are amino acids. DNA molecules contain a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose. The nitrogen bases found in DNA molecules include adenine, cytosine, guanine,

Answers

Answer:

- The building blocks of DNA molecules are amino acids. False

- DNA molecules contain a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose. True

- The nitrogen bases found in DNA molecules include adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. True

Explanation:

The building blocks of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleotides, while amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Each nucleotide consists of one of four possible nitrogenous bases: two purines (i.e., adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (i.e., cytosine and thymine). In DNA, each nucleotide consists of one of these four nitrogenous bases, a five-carbon sugar molecule (called deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. The DNA molecule has a double-helix structure, where nitrogenous bases are inside the double helix while sugars and phosphates are outside. In DNA, cytosine always pairs with guanine and thymine always pairs with adenine.

Which of the following increases the population size?

a. favorable light and temperatures

b. inadequate food supply

c. inability to complete

d. inability to migrate, hide or defend

e. inability to resist disease

Answers

Favorable light and temperatures can increase population size

Inadequate food supplies can lead to starvation and/or death

If a population can’t migrate, hide or defend, they will likely die

Populations need to be able to resist disease or they will be wiped out

Decrease in blood pressure in directly causes widespread VASCONSTRICTION Resulting in a rise in blood pressure is this a negative or positive feedback ?

Answers

positive feedback , i’m pretty sure. why? well

aid of diagram describe the biconversion of surfur cycles?​

Answers

Answer:

The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the geosphere and biosphere. Sulfur is released from rocks through weathering, and then assimilated by microbes and plants. It is then passed up the food chain and assimilated by plants and animals, and released when they decompose.

PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS

Answers

Answer:

more exposure to sunlight and therefore increase photosynthetic production

Explanation:

During what phase of meiosis does non-sister chromatids align at the equator?

Answers

ooo i know this one its metaphase

A 30-year-old male demonstrated a subtle onset of the following symptoms: dull facial expression; droopy eyelids; puffiness of the face and periorbital swelling; sparse, dry hair; dry, scaly skin; evidence of intellectual impairment; lethargy; a change of personality; bradycardia (60 b/min) low range of normal; a blood pressure of 90/70 low BP; anemia low iron – cant transport O through body very well(hematocrit 27); enlarged heart (upon radiological exam); constipation, and hypothermia. Plasma concentrations of total and free T4 and T3 follow:
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) of peripheral blood indicated elevated TSH levels. A TSH stimulation test did not increase the output of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.

a. What endocrine organ is involved here?
b. Is this a primary or secondary disorder? Why? (Is a TSH or TRH determination necessary for your diagnosis?)
c. Describe the feedback loop involved, indicating if there is an increased or decreased TSH level.
d. List several defects that could cause these symptoms.
e. Would you expect to find a palpable goiter? Explain your answer.
f. Describe a suitable treatment for this individual.

Answers

Answer:

1. Thyroid gland is the endocrine gland that is involved here.

2. TSH stimulation test did not show an increase in the output of thyroid hormones secreted from thyroid glands which makes it a primary disorder. The determination of TSH or TRH gives an idea about hypothyroidism if it is due to feedback inhibition of the pituitary or absence of TSH hormone from the pituitary, however, Circulating levels of TRH not necessary.

3.  The feedback loop involves the following:

TRH hormone secreted from the hypothalamus triggers the anterior pituitary to secret TSH that in turn triggers the relapsing of the T3 and T4 levels by the thyroid glands. If there is a low level of T3 and T4 hormones then negative feedback takes place and increases the TSH output.

4.  symptoms:

Not able to uptake the iodide into the cells of the thyroid gland

Defects in the conversion of iodide to iodine

tyrosine molecule iodization

secretion of the hormones from the Tg molecules

Less TSH receptors on the gland.

5.  The chronic TSH stimulation due to negative feedback may cause hypertrophy of the gland, results in goiter formation.

6. synthetic hormone therapy is known as Synthroid such asT4 (L-thyroxine).

What is the net force? Is it at rest or is it in motion?

ON, and in motion
13N and in motion
0N and at rest
13N and at rest

Answers


I know that’s it’s 0N for sure. But I’m not sure about the motion and rest part. I think it’ll continue moving though so most probably in motion

Answer

0N and at rest :)

Explanation:

7N+6N=13N

10N+3N=13N

a cell has a 5% salt concentration is placed in a solution with a 15% salt concentration, the cell will

Answers

Answer:

Water will move into and out of the cell at the same rate, causing it to remain the same size.

An earthquake is best described as a
I need an edg answer

Answers

Answer:

short term

Explanation:

Answer:

short term

Explanation:

please mark as brainliest

Newton's 2nd Law is F= ma. Write a problem that gives the mass and the acceleration of an object and asks us to find the force.

Answers

Answer:

An object having a mass of 20kg is pushed by John and it then accelerates down the inclined plane at a rate of 0.5m/s². Find the force applied on the object.

Explanation:

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of a physical object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the physical object and inversely proportional to its mass.

For example, an object having a mass of 20kg is pushed by John and it then accelerates down the inclined plane at a rate of 0.5m/s². Find the force applied on the object.

Given the following data;

Mass = 20kg

Acceleration = 0.5m/s²

To find the force;

Force = mass * acceleration

Substituting into the equation, we have;

Force = 20 * 0.5

Force = 10 Newton.

Need some quick help with this:

Answers

Answer:

In photosynthesis, solar energy is harvested as chemical energy in a process that converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down glucose, releasing chemical energy and heat in the process.

Explanation:

Answer:

option C

Explanation:

radiant energy from the sun get converted into chemical energy during the photosynthesis process by the chlorophyll .

plz mark my answer as brainlist plzzzz

hope this will be helpful to you.

1. What is a biogeochemical cycle?
2. What drives, or powers, the water cycle?
3. What causes water to condense and form clouds?

Answers

Answer:

1. In ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical  cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth.

2. The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air. Rising vapor cools and condenses into clouds.

3. Heated by sunshine, the ground heats the air just above it. That warmed air starts to rise because, when warm, it is lighter and less dense than the air around it. As it rises, its pressure and temperature drop causing water vapor to condense. ... The air cools as it rises, and eventually clouds form.

Explanation:

Please help me I will offer brainliest.

Answers

NASA using airplanes

Answer:

NASA using aeroplanes.

Explanation:

I think its only NASA.

My main goal is to produce ATP energy

Answers

my main goal is to find my will to be alive

Answer:

mitochondria is my name

Explanation:

In humans, normal color perception (N) dominates the expression of color blindness (n), and both of these genes are carried on the X chromosome (XN or Xn). A woman with normal color vision has a color-blind father. Her husband is also color-blind.

a. What is the genotype of the colorblind man? ____
b. What is the genotype of the woman? ______
c. What is the probability of her daughter to be colorblind? __________%
d. What is the probability of her sons to be colorblind? _________%

CAN SOMEONE HELP MEEE eeee

Answers

A- X*Y
B-XHXH
C-50%
D-50%

Which action is necessary for a solar eclipse to occur?
The Moon needs to be full.
Earth needs to pass in front of the Sun.
The Sun needs to pass in front of the Moon.
The Moon needs to pass between Earth and the Sun.

Answers

The Moon need to pass between Earth and the Sun is the answer

PLEASE HELP ME !!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

1 eubacteria

2 archaebacteria

3 eubacteria

4 animalia

5. protista

6. protista

7 archae bacteria

8plants

9 fungi

10 fungi

11 protista

12 protista

13. eubacteria

14. fungi

15 fungi

16 plants

17 protista

18 eubacteria

19 animalia

20 archaebacteria

21. protista

22. animalia

23eubacteria

24 likely fungi though archae and protista and eubacteria would fit too

Explanation:

ALL living organsims can absrob nitrogen as free gas.
A True
B False

Answers

Answer: FALSE is my best guess on this one.

if it's wrong I'm sorry i dinin't help you on this and have a great day

HELP ASAP!!!
Proteins are a type of biomolecule with a wide variety of functions. Which statement is correct about the digestive system and proteins?

Question 1 options:

Enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrates in food


Ready to use energy is released as the protein is broken down


The large intestine absorbs proteins for use in cells.


The liver manufactures bile salts that help break down fats in proteins

Answers

Answer:

Enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrates in food

Explanation:

It makes sense, your digestive system consists of your mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. As soon as you put food in your mouth you break down your food. Also I took the test, hope you make an good grade!!!

The statement 'enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrates in food' is correct about the digestive system and proteins.

The digestive system is an organ system where organs work together to digest foods.

Enzymes are specific proteins that carry out specific chemical reactions.

Digestive enzymes such as amylase are secreted by the salivary glands in order to help with the digestion of foods.

In conclusion, the statement 'enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrates in food' is correct about the digestive system and proteins.

Learn more in:

https://brainly.com/question/479705

A sound wave that occurs at a quick rate and has a high frequency would produce
A
a loud sound.

B
a low-pitched sound.

C
a high-pitched sound.

D
a soft sound.

Answers

Answer:

C. a high-pitched sound

Explanation:

A high pitched sound

A light bulb gives off 2 types of energy
a. Radiant and Thermal
b. Mechanical and Thermal
c. Potential and Mechanical
d. Thermal and Chemical

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

In the case of the light bulb, electrical energy is being transformed into light and thermal (heat) energy. Different wattages and types of bulbs give off varying amounts of light and heat.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

radiant because it gives light

and thermal cause it also gives heat on contact

What is a cell in science

Answers

Answer:

Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed. A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast

hope it's help

#carryONlearning

Answer:

A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes.

Explanation:

If a DNA strand contains 12% thymine, it also contains ____

a. 12% A, 38% G, 38% C
b. 12% A, 12% G, 38% C
c. 12% A, 12% G, 12% C
d. 38% A, 12% G, 38% C

Answers

Answer:

If G = 14, then C = 14 and G + C is 28. Thus A + T. The percent of adenine in a double-stranded DNA is 38. Therefore G + C = 100 - 76 = 24, and C = 24/2 = 12 percent.  

Explanation:

A=T
so A is 12% too
100-(12+12)
=100-24
=76
then divide by 2 to get each C and G
76/2=38
so C and G are each 38%

the answer is option A

hope this helps !

What is an example of elastic potential energy?
a. stretching a rubber band
b. apple falling from a tree
c. A dog lying on the floor
d. throwing a ball

Answers

Answer:

a.stretching a rubber band

Answer:

An example of elastic potential energy is

A. stretching a rubber band.

Hope it will help :)

describe the structure of​

Answers

Answer:

Of what?

Explanation:

Particles of weathered rock are also called
A. terracing
B. humus
C. sediments
D. abrasion

Answers

D .abrasion !!!!!!!!
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Humans produce mucus to protect our stomachs, our lungs, and several other systems.We tend to not like mucus because it is a considered a symptom or sign that something is wrong. We usually only see it when we are sick, and so we tend to dislike it. According to Michael M. Johns, III, MD, however, "mucus is incredibly important for our bodies." Johns, an assistant professor at Emory University, calls mucus "the oil in the engine" of our bodies. Without mucus, our engines, or bodies, would freeze up and stop working properly.Furthermore, mucus is not just the nasty gunk you see when you are sick. It lines the tissues in your mouth, your nose, throat, and lungs. It also is crucial in protecting your digestive system. Mucus puts a protective coating over the surfaces of these tissues, keeping them moist. Most of the time we don't notice mucus is making our lives better. It does its job quietly, making everything run smoothly, keeping our inner tissues soft and flexible enough to fight off invaders.Occasionally, though our mucus-making membranes go into overdrive. If you eat a hot pepper, your mucus membranes in your mouth and throat start producing extra mucus to protect you. If you come into contact with pollen, you may get a runny nose and start sneezing and coughing. When these things happen, your mucus systems start making more fluids to wash away the irritating particles. Mucus also has some antibodies that increase our ability to fight off bacteria and viruses.It's hard to appreciate what is essentially slime, but we have mucus for some very good reasons. It helps to keep us healthy and lets us know when our bodies are under attack. We would be wise to respect what our bodies do to keep us safe. So the next time you find yourself reaching for a tissue, remember mucus is your friend and ally.What's in a Name?Mucus is a great word, not only because it gives name to an important bodily function, but also because it is one of those words that simultaneously makes you feel grossed-out and giggly. Other words for this powerfully important human-health tool include slime and phlegm. Slang words for mucus include boogers and snot. All of these words have the same giggle-power, simply from the combination of consonants and vowels. By the way, mucus is an old word; it's been around since the mid-1600s and has roots back to Latin (mucere, to be moldy or musty) and Greek (myxa, mucus). While you may assume that words like snot and boogers are relatively new slang terms, they are not. Snot dates to 1560 and comes from an Old English word, gesnot, and has the same root as the word snout. 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