Legitimate political activities include complaining to one's supervisor, bypassing the chain of command, forming coalitions, obstructing organizational politics, excessively adhering to rules, developing contacts outside the organization. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
What is legitimate political activities?In political science, legitimacy refers to the right and acceptance of a governing law or regime. Whereas authority refers to a specific position in an established government, legitimacy refers to a system of government—where government refers to a "sphere of influence." Political legitimacy is regarded as a fundamental requirement for governance, without which a government will face legislative deadlock(s) and collapse.
Under legitimate political activity, one can complain to the supervisor, and excessively adhere to rules and regulations. Forming coalitions is also allowed under this type of activity. One can also develop some contacts outside the organization.
Therefore, the correct answer is legitimate political activity.
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Give an example of one good or service produced in the United States using the command model. Justify your example using research (where did you find this).
Answer:
An example of production under the command system in the United States is that of the production of roads and passable roads throughout the nation. In this case, it is the production of a public service, and as such it is controlled by the government in all stages of its production: from the identification of the need, through the tender, the construction authorization and the supervision of the results, everything is controlled by the government. This implies that individuals or private companies cannot by their own initiative create this type of road, but rather depend exclusively on the will of the government.
Your coworker is creating the headings for a report. What advice should you give her?
Do not use first- and second-level headings.
Strive for parallel construction within heading levels.
Use headings as antecedents for pronouns.
Review the following report excerpt, and complete the sentence.
To: Tracy Smallman
From: Diane Martinez, Rene Guzman
Date: June 8, 2009
Subject: Online Certificate Program Status Report
The following status report provides an update on the progress of the Online Certificate Program. The report includes updates on the project outline, a summary of key findings, and an overall evaluation of the project to date.
Progress Update
Phase 1 (Development) is well underway, with research phase and discovery phase milestones completed. In the last month, we completed a course pilot and collected user feedback. Key findings have directed the development of new course offerings and guided the initial development of additional content for course modules to be launched next fall.
The heading "Progress Update" might be improved to read ________
To ensure formatting does not change, how should a report be sent?
As an Excel file
As a Word file
As a PDF file
As a Power Point file
Which of the following is best used for conveying complex information quickly and clearly?
Infographics
Slide decks
Templates
Written text
Which of the following are components of an effective report heading? Check all that apply.
It occurs no more often than every three pages in a report
It is grammatically equal to other headinggs in its level
It uses creative punctuation
It is short and clear
It has punctuation correctly applied
The heading "Progress Update" might be improved to read_______ "Currently accomplished tasks"
To ensure formatting does not change, how should a report Progress Update: Phase 1 accomplishments"
As an Excel file
Answer:
1. I will offer the following advice for creating effective reports:
a. Make use of appropriate heading levels
b. Use parallel construction
c. Use first- and second-level headings for short reports
d. Capitalize and underline headings carefully
e. Keep headings short and clear
f. Do not use headings as antecedents for pronouns, and
g. Include at least one heading per report page when appropriate.
2. The heading "Progress Update" might be improved to read ________
"Currently Accomplished Tasks"
3. To ensure formatting does not change, a report should be sent:
As a PDF file
4. To convey complex information quickly and clearly, the best is:
Infographics
5. Components of an effective report heading include:
It is short and clear
Explanation:
When writing informational reports, ensure that you emphasize the facts, using appropriate formats to convey them. But if it is an analytical report, the emphasis shifts to the reasoning process and the conclusion(s) to be drawn. Clear and short headings, including subheadings, are important in every report. They give reports more clarity and direction, guiding the reader appropriately.
what did andy davis do to change eddies behaviour?
Answer:
The Manager Andy Davis worked hard to improve Eddie's behavior and skills by implanting commitment in improving Eddie through team-based efforts.
Explanation:
The situation in which expansionary fiscal policy does not lead to a rise in aggregate output is referred to as
Select one:
a. Fiscal neutrality.
b. Inflation.
c. Complete crowding out
d. A recession.
= Complete crowding out
Answer: The situation in which expansionary fiscal policy does not lead to a rise in aggregate output is referred to as
Select one:
a. Fiscal neutrality.
b. Inflation.
c. Complete crowding out
d. A recession.
Explanation:
The situation in which expansionary fiscal policy does not lead to a rise in aggregate output is referred to as complete crowding out.
What is fiscal policy?A fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and policies for influencing economic conditions.
The situation in which expansionary fiscal policies do not lead to a rise in aggregate output is referred to as complete crowding out.
Therefore, C is the correct option.
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The Keynesian analysis of
aggregate demand indicates that a
decline in the price level causes:
Select one:
a. an increase in the real money
supply, a decline in interest rates,
an increase in investment
spending, and an increase in
aggregate output demanded.
b. a decline in the real money
supply an increase in interest
rates, a decline in investment
spending, and a decline in
aggregate output demanded.
c. a decline in the real money
supply, a decline in interest rates,
an increase in investment
spending, and an increase in
aggregate output demanded
d. an increase in the real money
supply, an increase in interest
rates, a decline in investment
spending and a decline in aggregate output demanded
= an increase in the real money
supply, a decline in interest rates,
an increase in investment
spending, and an increase in
aggregate output demanded.
The Keynesian analysis indicates that the fall in price level causes an increase in the real money supply, a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment spending, and an increase in aggregate output demanded.
What is an aggregate demand?
This refers to the total amount of demand of all goods and services produced in an economy.
The Keynes's theory asserts that the aggregate demand helps in measurement of spending by households, businesses, government etc
However, the analysis depicts that an increase in the real money supply, a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment spending, and an increase in aggregate output demanded.
Therefore, the Option A is correct.
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Hamby Inc. has sales of $2,076,000 for the first quarter of 2020. In making the sales, the company incurred the following costs and expenses.
Variable Fixed
Cost of goods sold $779,000 $614,000
Selling expenses 96,700 63,500
Administrative expenses 81,600 70,800
Required:
Prepare a CVP income statement for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
Answer:
Net income= $370,301
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the total variable costs and the total fixed costs:
Total variable cost= 779,000 + 96,700 + 81,600
Total variable cost= $957,399
Total fixed cost= 614,000 + 63,500 + 70,800
Total fixed cost= $748,300
Now, we make the CVP income statement:
Sales= 2,076,000
Total variable cost= (957,399)
Total contribution margin= 1,118,601
Total fixed cost= (748,300)
Net income= $370,301
A competitive firm produces a product using labor and plastic. The firm is initially in equilibrium. If the cost of plastic suddenly increases, which of the following will occur?
A. The demand curve for the product will shift to the left.
B. The firm's demand curve for plastic will shift to the left.
C. The firm will increase the number of units offered for sale.
D. The firm will definitely go out of business, since competitive firms earn zero economic profits in equilibrium.
E. The firm's marginal costs will increase at each level of output.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Option (e), which states that the firm's marginal costs will rise at each output level, is the right choice.
Does the marginal cost of a production increase?The marginal cost of production often increases as output volume increases. The manufacturer can decide how to divide resources among the production units in order to maximize output by using marginal cost.
What occurs when a company's marginal cost increases?They make the unit and supply it if the sale price exceeds the marginal cost. It would not be economically feasible to make it if the marginal cost was higher than the price. Therefore, manufacturing will continue until the sale price equals the marginal cost.
Why eventually does marginal cost increase with output?As output grows, the marginal cost eventually rises as a result of the declining marginal product of labor.
When output declines, what happens to the marginal cost?At this point, marginal cost decreases until it reaches a minimum due to economies of scale and the Law of Diminishing Returns. The marginal cost then grows as output rises.
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How are bonds a safer investment than stock?
A. Bonds are safer because they are loans with a guaranteed interest rate for return
B. Bonds are sager because they are paid with with taxes
C bonds are safer because they are paid by the stock market
D bonds are safer cause they qre assets with gauranteed return from the government
Can be mutiple answers
Answer: D and B
Explanation:
The stock market is where you invest where you want to and hope the money will grow bigger by the company growing bigger. Bonds are you paying a certain amount of money and the government will pay back a little back at a time so if the government doesn't pay which is very unlikely is the reason why bonds are safer.
Use the following items to determine the toata assets ,total liabilities , net worth , total cash inflows and total cash outflows.
Rent for the month $ 650 Monthly take-home salary$ 2,185
Spending for food $ 345 Cash in checking account$ 450
Savings account balance $ 1,890 Balance of educational loan 2,160
Current value of automobile $8,800 Telephone bill paid for month 65
Credit card balance $ 235 Loan payment 80
Auto insurance $ 230 Household possessions 3,400
Video equipment $ 2,350 Payment for electricity 90
Lunches/parking at work $ 180 Donations 160
Personal computer $ 1,200 Value of stock investment 860
Clothing purchase $ 110 Restaurant spending 130
Answer:
Determining the total assets, total liabilities, net worth, total cash inflows, and total cash outflows:
1. Total assets
Cash in checking account $ 450
Savings account balance $ 1,890
Current value of automobile $8,800
Household possessions 3,400
Video equipment $ 2,350
Personal computer $ 1,200
Value of stock investment 860
Total assets $18,950
2. Total liabilities
Rent for the month $ 650
Balance of educational loan 2,160
Credit card balance $ 235
Total liabilities $3,045
3. Net worth
Total assets $18,950
Total liabilities ($3,045)
Net worth $15,905
4. Total cash inflows
Monthly take-home salary $ 2,185
5. Total cash outflows
Spending for food $ 345
Telephone bill paid for month 65
Loan payment 80
Auto insurance $ 230
Payment for electricity 90
Lunches/parking at work $ 180
Donations 160
Clothing purchase $ 110
Restaurant spending 130
Total cash outflows $1,390
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Rent for the month $ 650
Monthly take-home salary$ 2,185
Spending for food $ 345
Cash in checking account$ 450
Savings account balance $ 1,890
Balance of educational loan 2,160
Current value of automobile $8,800
Telephone bill paid for month 65
Credit card balance $ 235
Loan payment 80
Auto insurance $ 230
Household possessions 3,400
Video equipment $ 2,350
Payment for electricity 90
Lunches/parking at work $ 180
Donations 160
Personal computer $ 1,200
Value of stock investment 860
Clothing purchase $ 110
Restaurant spending 130
On January 1, 2018, Legion Company sold $200,000 of 10% ten-year bonds. Interest is payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds were sold for $177,000, priced to yield 12%. Legion records interest at the effective rate. Legion should report bond interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018, in the amount of:
Answer:
$10,620
Explanation:
Calculation for what Legion should report bond interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018,
Bond interest expense=(12%/2 semiannually*$177,000)
Bond interest expense=6% × $177,000
Bond interest expense=$10,620
Therefore Legion should report bond interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018, in the amount of:$10,620
The C&C Candy Company uses machine hours to allocate manufacturing overhead. The company estimates $150,000 worth of manufacturing overhead and 3,000 machine hours. The batch ticket for Batch 127 reveals the following information:
3,000 oz of chocolate at 50 cents per ounce
400 hours of direct labor at $15 per hour
180 machine hours 82,500 candy bars produced Batch Completed July 16, 2019.
Determine the cost of one bar.
Answer:
$0.20
Explanation:
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated manufacturing overhead / Machine hours = 150000/3000 = 50
Applied overhead = Machine hours worked * Predetermined overhead rate = 180 * $50 = 9000
Direct material $1,500 (3,000*0.50)
Direct labor $6,000 (400 hours*$15)
Manufacturing overhead $9000
Total cost $16,500
Number of units = 82500 candy bars
So, the Unit cost = Total cost / Number of units = $16,500/82,500 units = 0.20
So, the cost of one bar is $0.20
The number of levels and managers
an organization has is determined
by_____
= Formalization
Explanation:
it is called Formalization
hahahahahahahahaha
Making money is always on the agenda of the media.
True
False
Assume an investor purchases the net assets of an investee for the cash purchase price is $75,600. The investor is willing to purchase the investee's business for this amount because the fair value of PPE is $70,560 and the fair value of a (previously unrecognized) customer list is $15,120 (the fair values of all other assets and liabilities are equal to their book values). The investee company reports the following balance sheet on the acquisition date:
Cash $2,800 Accounts payable $5,600
Accounts receivable 5,600 Accrued liabilities 8,400
Inventories 11,200 -
Current assets 19,600 Current liabilities 14,000
Long-term liabilities 11,200
PPE, net 28,000 Stockholdersâ equity 22,400
Total assets $47,600 Total liabilities and equity $47,600
Required:
Provide the journal entry if the investor pays cash and purchases the assets and assumes the liabilities of the investee company (assume that the fair value of the assets is equal to their book values).
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is given below;
Cash $2,800
Account receivable $5,600
Inventories $11,200
PPE $28,000
To Account payable $5,600
To Accrued liabilities $8,400
To Long term liabilities $11,200
To Cash $22,400
(Being the cash is paid is recorded)
Here all the assets are debited as it increased the assets and credited all the liabilities except cash as it increased the liabilities and the remaining balance left would be credited to cash account
Provide an example of how an international company (such as Unilever or Mondelez International) changes its distribution channels and/or marketing messages based on country.
Answer:
The examples of the given circumstances are provided below.
Explanation:
Interpretations of how the international corporation (including such Unilever) was indeed changing the distribution platform:
Unilever transforms this same distribution network to potential consumers as well as ensures immediate access includes a multitude of shareholder but instead everyday items. The corporation has a more adaptable distribution network which virtually guarantees direct services to consumers worldwide thru all the different retailers, shopping centers as well as other chain stores.Interpretations of how and why the International Corporation is changing targeted advertising:
Unilever Advertisements have been created on the basis of the cultural values including its Country-Advertising Notifications besides Unilever impacts negatively on either the values of the people throughout order to determine if the project is uniquely equipped to address the requirements of the cultural identity as well as to raise the effectiveness of purchases.The Institute of Management Accountants' Statement of Ethical Professional Practice for management accountants includes the elements of:
A. Competence, confidentiality, independence, and objectivity.
B. Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility.
C. Competence, accuracy, integrity, and independence.
D. Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and relevance.
Answer: competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility.
Explanation:
The Institute of Management Accountants' Statement of Ethical Professional Practice for management accountants reflects on the globalization of the accounting profession. The statement is based on ethical principles such as responsibility, fairness, integrity and honesty.
Also, the statement consist of elements such as competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility.
Following are selected income statement and balance sheet data for companies in different industries.
$ millions Sales Cost of Gross profit Net income Assets Liabilities Equity
goods sold
Harley- $ 5,342 $ 3,302 $ 2,040 $ 960 $ 5,255 $2,171 $ 3,084
Davidson
Nike, Inc. 13,740 7,624 6,116 1,212 8,794 3,149 5,645
Starbucks 6,369 2,605 3,764 494 3,514 1,423 2,091
Corp.
Target 51,271 34,927 16,344 2,408 34,995 20,790 14,205
Corp.
a) Compute the following ratios for each company. Round all answers to one decimal place (percentage answer example: 0.2345 = 23.5%). Note: The liabilities to stockholders' equity ratio should not be converted into a percentage answer (round answers to one decimal place, for
Company Gross Profit/ Net Income/ Net incom/ Liabilities/
sales sales Equity equity
Harley-Davidson
Nike, Inc.
Starbucks Corp.
Target Corp.
(b) Which of the following statements about business models best describes the differences in gross (and net) profit margin that we observe?
a. The higher gross profit companies are typically those that have some competitive advantage that allows them to charge a market price for their products that cannot be easily competed away.
b. The lower gross profit companies are those that can manufacture their products at the lowest cost.
c. The higher gross profit companies are those that sell the highest unit volumes.
d. The lower gross profit companies are those that charge a higher price for their products.
Answer:
Which of the following statements about business models best describes the differences in gross
a.The higher gross profit companies are typically those that have some competitive advantage that allows them to charge a market price for their products that cannot be easily competed away
Explanation:
Sales Cost Gross profit Net In.Assets Liabilities Equity
Harley- 5,342 3,302 2,040 960 5,255 2,171 3,084
Nike, 13,740 7,624 6,116 1,212 8,794 3,149 5,645
Starbucks6,369 2,605 3,764 494 3,514 1,423 2,091
Target 51,271 34,927 16,344 2,408 34,995 20,790 14,205
Gross Profit Harley- 38.2% Net Income Harley- 18.0%
Nike, 44.5% Nike, 8.8%
Starbucks 59.1% Starbucks 7.8%
Target 31.9% Target 4.7%
Liabilities Harley- 0.70 ROE Harley- 1.7
Nike, 0.56 Nike, 2.4
Starbucks 0.68 Starbucks 3.0
Target 1.46 Target 3.6
a.The higher gross profit companies are typically those that have some competitive advantage that allows them to charge a market price for their products that cannot be easily competed away.
6
Marginal Cost of producing Pies
$1.60
$1.40
$1.20
$1.00
Marginal Cost
SO 80
$0.60
$0.40
$0.20
$0.00
O Pies
1 Pies
5 Pies
6 Pies
2 Pies 3 Pies 4 Pies
Quantity Supplied
According to the graph, the marginal cost begins to increase when the producer makes
0
two pies.
three pies
O four pies.
O five pies
Save and Exit
Next
Mark this and return
Submit
Answer: Four pies.
Explanation:
Marginal cost is the additional cost of producing one extra unit of a good or service.
From this graph we see the marginal cost rise when the first pie is produced and then it subsequently decreases as the second and third pie is produced which is where it reaches its lowest point.
From the fourth pie, the marginal cost begins to rise again which means the marginal cost begins to increase when the producer makes four pies.
Alice lived with her parents in F-2 immigration status in the United States from August 2010 to June 2012. She returned to the U.S. to attend college in F-1 immigration status on May 1, 2019. Alice does not need to file Form 8843 for 2020.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
B. False
Explanation:
According to the rules guiding the F-1 visa holders, all "non-residents for tax purposes are required to file Form 8843."
So Alice entering into the U.s with F-1 status implies that she'll be treated as a "non-resident", therefore she would need to file Form 8843 for 2020.
Categorizing U.S. taxes
Which of the following taxes are regressive?
a) A sales tax that adds 5% to the sale of all items
b) The U.S. payroll tax (a constant tax on wages up to a certain amount, after which the marginal tax rate is 0%) is a tax.
c) The U.S. income tax
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A regressive tax is a tax system where the same tax rate is applied uniformly. As a result, those earning less income are taxed higher than those earning more income.
Sales tax is an example of a regressive tax.
If sales tax is 5%. Worker A earns $100 and worker B earns $1000. Both buy a good worth $50 before tax. the sales tax is worth $2.5.
The tax comprises $2,5 / 100 = 2.5% of worker A's income and $2,5 / $1000 = 0.025% of Worker B's income.
It can be seen that worker A who earns less income is taxed higher
The following data is from Netflicks Company for 2020.
Sales revenue $96,000
Beginning inventory 12,800
Purchases 64,000
For each separate case a through e, estimate ending inventory.
a. Markup is 50% on cost. ?
b. Markup is 60% on sales. ?
c. Markup is 25% on cost. ?
d. Markup is 40% on sales. ?
e. Markup is 60% on cost. ?
Answer:
a. $12,800
b. $38,400
c. $0
d. $19,200
e. $16,800
Explanation:
Given the following;
Sales revenue $96,000
Beginning inventory $12,800
Purchases $64,000
Recall that
Opening inventory + purchases - sales = closing inventory
Also;
a. If Markup is 50% on cost, let the cost of the items sold be T then
50% * T + T = 96,000
1.5T = 96,000
Divide both side by 1.5
T = $64,000
Hence the closing inventory Y may be derived as
Y = 12800 + 64000 - 64000
Y = $12,800
b. If Markup is 60% on sale, let the cost of the items sold be T then
T = $96,000 - (60% * $96,000)
= $96000 - $57600
= $38400
Ending inventory Y = 12800 + 64000 - 38400
Y = $38,400
c. If Markup is 25% on cost, let the cost of the items sold be T then
25% * T + T = 96,000
1.25T = 96,000
Divide both side by 1.25
T = $76,800
Hence the closing inventory Y may be derived as
Y = 12800 + 64000 - 76800
Y = 0
This means all items were sold.
d. If Markup is 40% on sale, let the cost of the items sold be T then
T = $96,000 - (40% * $96,000)
= $96000 - $38400
= $57600
Ending inventory Y = 12800 + 64000 - 57600
Y = $19,200
e. If Markup is 60% on cost, let the cost of the items sold be T then
60% * T + T = 96,000
1.6T = 96,000
Divide both side by 1.6
T = $60,000
Hence the closing inventory Y may be derived as
Y = 12800 + 64000 - 60,000
Y = $16,800
IN the economic order quantity model, if carrying costs increase while all other costs remain unchanged, the number of orders placed would be expected to:_______
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain unchanged.
d. change without regard to carrying costs.
Answer:
b. decrease
Explanation:
In the EOQ model, if carrying costs increase while all other costs remain unchanged, the number of orders placed would be expected to decrease.
Carrying cost is placed in denominator of the EOQ formula hence as we increase denominator the total quantity will fall. If the carrying cost is high, then we would place lesser order to reduce such costs.
Also, if carrying costs decrease while all other costs remain unchanged, the number of orders placed would be expected to decrease because there is already excess of inventory due to which the new orders have to be decreased to utilize the already pending inventory.
Which of the following answer options are your employer's responsibility? (OSHA)
(A) Develop a written hazard communication program
(B) Implement a hazard communication program
(C) Maintain a written hazard communication program
Answer: A, B, and C. ALL OF THE ABOVE!
Explanation:
They're all the correct answer.
An employer's OSHA responsibility with regard to a hazard communication program is (C) Maintain a written hazard communication program.
OSHA's HCS, 29 CFR 1910.1200 (e) specifically requires the employer to maintain a written hazard communication.This written program includes maintenance of labels and other warning forms, safety data sheets.It is also required that the employer should provide safety information and training, especially for its employees.Thus, the responsibility of the employer is not to develop or implement a hazard communication program but to maintain a written hazard communication program.
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Assume the economy of Ucheland is currently at full employment. The government of Ucheland reduces the tax rate on household interest earnings.
a. What will happen to private savings in Ucheland?
b. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market, and show the effect of the change in private savings identified in part (a) on the equilibrium real interest rate.
Answer:
a) since the tax rate oh household interest earnings increases, the number of households that will save money will increase, and the households that were already saving money might increase the amount saved. As a result, private savings will increase in Ucheland.
b) see attached image
Candice is a jewelry shop owner, specializing in beaded necklaces. For each of the following inputs, classify each item as a variable input or a fixed input in the long run.
1. upper management salaries
2. hourly labor
3. shipping
4. two-year lease on office and retail space
5. chairs
6. computers
7. beads
Answer and Explanation:
The classification of the each item as a variable input or fixed input is as follows:
1. upper management salaries = variable input
2. hourly labor = variable input
3. shipping = variable input
4. two-year lease on office and retail space = variable input
5. chairs = variable input
6. computers = variable input
7. beads = variable input
As all the items are calculated as a variable so no fixed input would be considered
When drafting an end-of-year summary report to her supervisor about the status and sales of the restaurant's newest pizza, Diane omits details about negative customer feedback. By only reporting positive feedback, which barrier of effective communication is she using?
A) deceptive tactics
B) perceptual differences
C) distractions
D) information overload
At the beginning of the year, Vendors, Inc., had owners' equity of $49,850. During the year, net income was $6,150 and the company paid dividends of $4,250. The company also repurchased $8,350 in equity. What was the cash flow to stockholders for the year
Answer: $12,600
Explanation:
Based on the information that have been given in the question, the cash flow to stockholders for the year would be calculated as:
= Dividends Paid - (Ending Common Stock - Beginning Common Stock)
= $4250 - {[$49850 - $8350] - $49850}
= $4250 - [$41500 - $49850]
= $4250 - (-$8350)
= $4250 + $8350
= $12,600
Informal messages that are passed on from person to person
A. Grapevine
B. Compatible
C. Lateral
D. Organization
Answer: A: Grapevine
Explanation:
Answer:
a
Explanation:
What is the mental and physical effort made by humans for the production of goods and services?
Labor
Capital
Land
Entrepreneurship
Wages have risen in Europe since the 1970s and workers work substantially less than they did 40 years ago. Does this suggest that income effects or substitution effects dominate?
a. Income effect
b. Substitution effect
Answer:
The correct answer is A. Income effect .
Explanation:
In consumer theory, the income effect is the change in consumption that is due to a change in the consumer's real income, that is, his or her purchasing power. Thus, the fact that wages have increased notably, while working time has been reduced during the same period of time, is a clear sign that the working hour of each man within the productive circuit has today in day a purchasing power much higher than what it had in the past.