On Earth, the number flux of solar neutrinos from the p-p chain is:

f_neutrino = 2fo/2.62MeV

Other nuclear reactions in the Sun supplement this neutrino flux with a small additional flux of higher-energy neutrinos. A neutrino detector in Japan, named SuperKamiokande, consists of a tank of 50 kton of water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flash of Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling electron when a high-energy neutrino scatters on it.

Required:
a. How many electrons are there in the water of the detector?
b. Calculate the detection rate for neutrino scattering, in events per day.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

The volume of the tank = 50 kton

50 kton = 5 × 10⁷ kg

Since 18 grams of water will contain: 10 electrons × 6.023 × 10²³

Then;

5× 10⁷ kg will contain [tex]( \dfrac{5 \times 10^7 \times 10^3}{18}) \times 10 \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}[/tex]

= 1.67 × 10³⁴ electrons

(b)

Suppose:

[tex]f_{neutrino} = \dfrac{2f_o}{26.2 MeV} = 6.7\times 10^{10} \ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]

Then;

10⁻⁶ of [tex]f_{neutrino} = 6.7 \times 10^{10} \times 10^{-6} \ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]

[tex]=6.7 \times 10^{4}\ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]

Thus, the number of high energy neutrinos which will interact with water is:

= [tex]6.7 \times 10^4 \times \sigma[/tex]

= [tex]6.7 \times 10^4 \times 10^{-43}[/tex]

= [tex]6.7 \times 10^{-39} s^{-1}[/tex]

For  1.67 × 10³⁴ electrons, the detection rate is:

[tex]6.7 \times 10^{-39} \times 1.67 \times 10^{34}[/tex]

[tex]= 11.19 \times 10^{-5} \ s^{-1}[/tex]

= 9.668 per day


Related Questions

g Suppose that you seal an ordinary 60W lightbulb and a suitable battery inside a transparent enclosure and suspend the system from a very sensitive balance. (a) Compute the change in the mass of the system if the lamp is on continuously for one year at full power. (b) What difference, if any, would it make if the inner surface of the container were a perfect reflector

Answers

Answer:

kekemeeimdeiddnekem

Explanation:

mdjdjdiddmjd jjeneeiej

How can you drop two eggs the fewest amount of times, without them breaking?

Answers

Because the shell didn’t crack.

I hope this helps.

Answer:

get 2 jugs of water put an egg in each one drop the jugs with parachutes on them in long grass on a sunny non windy day

Explanation:

egg+ground=broken

egg-ground= egg+air

egg+air=unbroken

egg+water= egg+wet

egg+water= unbroken

egg+egg= 2 egg

egg+egg+air= egg+egg+unbroken+unbroken

egg+egg+unbroken+unbroken=(egg+unbroken)2

longgrass+egg= 40%unbroken+60broken+egg

longgrass+egg+egg=20%unbroken+80%broken+2egg

ground+water=mud

mud+egg=unbroken+egg+muddy

air+water=raining

egg+raining+air=wet+egg+slip+50%broken+50%unbroken

ask if need more proof

A crate rests on a flatbed truck which is initially traveling at 17.9 m/s on a level road. The driver applies the brakes and the truck is brought to a halt in a distance of 46.1 m. If the deceleration of the truck is constant, what is the minimum coefficient of friction between the crate and the truck that is required to keep the crate from sliding

Answers

Answer:

The minimum coefficient of friction required is 0.35.  

Explanation:

The minimum coefficient of friction required to keep the crate from sliding can be found as follows:

[tex] -F_{f} + F = 0 [/tex]      

[tex] -F_{f} + ma = 0 [/tex]      

[tex] \mu mg = ma [/tex]

[tex] \mu = \frac{a}{g} [/tex]

Where:

μ: is the coefficient of friction

m: is the mass of the crate

g: is the gravity

a: is the acceleration of the truck

The acceleration of the truck can be found by using the following equation:

[tex] v_{f}^{2} = v_{0}^{2} + 2ad [/tex]

[tex] a = \frac{v_{f}^{2} - v_{0}^{2}}{2d} [/tex]

Where:  

d: is the distance traveled = 46.1 m

[tex] v_{f}[/tex]: is the final speed of the truck = 0 (it stops)      

[tex]v_{0}[/tex]: is the initial speed of the truck = 17.9 m/s

[tex] a = \frac{-(17.9 m/s)^{2}}{2*46.1 m} = -3.48 m/s^{2} [/tex]        

If we take the reference system on the crate, the force will be positive since the crate will feel the movement in the positive direction.  

[tex] \mu = \frac{a}{g} [/tex]  

[tex] \mu = \frac{3.48 m/s^{2}}{9.81 m/s^{2}} [/tex]

[tex] \mu = 0.35 [/tex]

Therefore, the minimum coefficient of friction required is 0.35.  

I hope it helps you!

how is work and energy inter-related?? (in simple words)​

Answers

Answer:

The work and energy is inter- related because if we are energetic then only we are able to work.

People who are weak and not energetic cannot work continuously.

Explanation:

hope this helps you....

When rubbing a balloon against your head, you notice the balloon pulling your hair away from your head. What best explains why the balloon and your hair are attracted to each other?

They become oppositely charged, which causes them to be attracted to each other.

They become similarly charged, which causes them to be attracted to each other.

They stick together because of the friction between the two objects.

They are made of different materials, which is why they attract each other.

Answers

Answer:

They become oppositely charged, which causes them to be attracted to each other.

Answer: number A

Explanation:

If a positive charge and a negative charge interact, their forces act in the same direction, from the positive to the negative charge. As a result opposite charges attract each other: The electric field and resulting forces produced by two electrical charges of opposite polarity. Have a nice day <3

For a given substance, the molecules
move fastest when the substance is

Answers

Heat makes the molecules move faster

Answer:GAS

Explanation:

Plzzz help me with this
I’ll give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

(A) By reducing friction

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs
Match the particles with their characteristics.
subatomic particles with a positive charge
subatomic particles with a negative charge
subatomic particles with no charge
made of atoms
neutrons
electrons
protons
malaria

Answers

Answer:

1. Protons.

2. Electrons.

3. Neutrons.

4. Molecules.

Explanation:

1. Protons: subatomic particles with a positive charge. They are bound together in the nucleus of an atom due to strong nuclear forces.

2. Electrons: subatomic particles with a negative charge. Electrons can be defined as subatomic particles that are negatively charged and as such has a magnitude of -1.

3. Neutrons: subatomic particles with no charge. The negative charge of the electrons cancels the positive charge of the protons.

4. Molecules: they are made of atoms.

Generally, molecules attach on the inside of a mineral to give it shape. Therefore, the molecule of a mineral is a crystal three-dimensional regular structure (arrangement) of chemical particles that are bonded together and determines its shape.

Due to the fact that these molecules are structurally arranged or ordered and are repeated by different symmetrical and translational operations they determine the shape of minerals.

If all pairs of adjacent sides of a quadrilateral are congruent then it is called _________.

(A) rectangle (B) parallelogram (C) trapezium, (D) rhombus​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

If you need an explanation feel free to ask.

what type of reaction is being shown in this energy diagram?

X exothermic, because energy is absorbed from the surroundings

O exothermic, because energy is released into the surrounding

X endothermic, because energy is released into the surrounding

X endothermic, because energy is absorbed from the surroundings​

best of luck nerds

Answers

Answer:

O exothermic, because energy is released into the surrounding

Explanation:

From the diagram the energy of the reactant is higher than the energy of the product, thereby making it exothermic. If you study diagram well, exothermic reaction means that the reactions releases energy into the surroundings.

An ordinary ruler is used to measure the area and its error of a rectangle. It is found that their sides are 5.0 cm long and 2.0 cm width. The error in area (in cm) is​

Answers

Answer:

You need to know the accuracy to which you can read the ruler:

Suppose that you can read the read the ruler to the nearest milimeter

A = L * W     your calculated area of the rectangle

A + ΔA = (L + ΔL) * (W + ΔW) = L W + L ΔW + W * ΔL + ΔL ΔA

Or ΔA =  L ΔW + W ΔL

Where we have subtracted A = L * W and the term ΔL * ΔA is very small

So (5 + .1) * (2 + .1) - 5 * 2 = .1 * 2 + .1 * 5 = .7 cm^2

Then you report A = 10 cm^2 +- .7 cm^2    including the - sign for completeness

What are two things that happen to the sugars that are made by the plant during photosynthesis?
I

Answers

Answer:

The sugars produced by photosynthesis can be stored, transported throughout the tree, and converted into energy which is used to power all cellular processes. Respiration occurs when glucose (sugar produced during photosynthesis) combines with oxygen to produce useable cellular energy.

Explanation:

I think this is correct lol.

the distance between crest and the adjacent trough of water waves is 3m, they pass a given point at rate of 5m/s. what is the frequency and the speed of water waves?

Answers

Adujan 3m waves so 3x?

You throw a small rock straight up from the edge of a highway bridge that crosses a river. The rock passes you on its way down, 5.00 s after it was thrown. What is the speed of the rock just before it reaches the water 22.0 m below the point where the rock left your hand? Ignore air resistance.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

for vertical movement , time to reach the top = time to reach the hand = 2.5 s

v = u - gt

At the top , v = 0 , time t = 2.5 s

0 = u - g x 2.5

u = 2.5 x 9.8 = 24.5 m /s

velocity of throw = 24.5 m /s

So , when it passes the hand on its way down , it will have velocity equal to 24.5 m /s and it will accelerate downwards . Let its velocity down by 22 m be v

v² = u² + 2 g s

= 24.5² + 2 x 9.8 x 22

= 600.25 + 431.2

= 1031.45

v = 32.11 m /s .

PLEASE HELP! WILL GIVE BRANILIEST TO FIRST REAL ANSWER If one marble is rolling three times as fast as a second marble of the same mass, the kinetic energy of the first marble is how many times larger when compared to the kinetic energy of the second marble?
a) 4
b) 9
c) 6
d) 3
(i already know its not 3)

Answers

Answer:

9

Explanation:

Which of the following would have the least amount of inertia? Assume all the bags are the same size.

bag of rocks

bag of feathers

bag of bricks

bag of sand

Answers

Bag of feathers because it weighs the least

Problem 4.13: Sound waves travel through air at a speed of 330 m/s. A whistle blast at a frequency of about 1.0 kHz lasts for 2.0 s. (a) Over what distance in space does the "wave train" representing the sound extend? (b) What is the wavelength of the sound? (c) Estimate the precision with which an observer could measure the wavelength. (d) Estimate the precision with which an observer could measure the frequency.

Answers

Answer:

a)  x = 660 m, b)  λ = 0.330 m, c) Δλ = 0.1 cm, d)    Δf = 104

Explanation:

a) the distance in which the train of waves extends can be obtained from the uniform movement

             v = x / t

             x = v t

             x = 330 2

             x = 660 m

b) the speed of sound is related to the wavelength and frequency

             v = λ f

              λ = v / f

              λ = 330/1000

              λ = 0.330 m

c) The precision in the measurement of the wavelength refers to the error or uncertainty in the measurement, if the measurement is direct with a tape measure the precision is the appreciation of the tape measure, in general it is 0.1 cm

d) the accuracy of the frequency in general the frequency is calculated from the measurements of period T

                f = 1 / T

The precision of the period is data by the chronometer used, in general time a press of 0.01s, by the response time of the people

               Δf = df / dT    ΔT

               Δf = 1 / T² ΔT

                Δf = 1 / (0.001)² 0.01

                 Δf = 104

As we can see, a much more precise system is needed to reduce the error

Question 15 of 25
What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 30 Hz?

Answers

Answer:

0.033 seconds

Explanation:

Period = 1/30 = 0.033 seconds

Answer:

The answer is 0.03 s

Explanation:

A.P.E.X.

Two train whistles have identical frequencies of 180 Hz. When one train is at rest in the station and the other is moving nearby, a commuter standing on the train platform hears beats with a frequency of 2.00 beats/s when the whistles sound at the same time. What are the two possible speeds and directions that the moving train can have?

Actual answers :3.85 m/s away from the station and 3.77 m/s towards the station from the book. I just need to know how to get to the answers.

Answers

Answer:

-3.77 m/s

3.85 m/s

Explanation:

given that

Frequency at stationary = 180 Hz

Beat frequency = 2 Hz

Using Doppler effect, we know that

f' = f[(v ± v0) / (v ± vs)], where

v = speed of sound, 343 m/s

v0 = speed of the observer, 0

vs = speed of light, ?

f = stationary frequency, 180 Hz

f' = stationary ± beat frequency, 180 ± 2

Applying the formula, we have

f' = f[(v ± v0) / (v ± vs)]

182 = 180 [(343 + 0) / (343 + vs)]

182/180 = 343 / 343 + vs

343 + vs = 343 * 180/182

343 + vs = 339.23

vs = 339.23 - 343

vs = -3.77 m/s

Again, using

f' = f[(v ± v0) / (v ± vs)]

178 = 180 [(343 + 0) / (343 + vs)]

178/180 = 343 / 343 + vs

343 + vs = 343 * 180/178

343+ vs = 346.85

vs = 346.85 - 343

vs = 3.85 m/s

A 0.15 kg baseball is traveling at 40 meters per second (about 90 miles per hour) if the ball comes to a complete stop when it hits the catchers mitt, what is the change in velocity?

Answers

Answer:

Please find attached pdf

Explanation:

what is permittivity​

Answers

Answer:

Permittivity, also called electric permittivity, is a constant of proportionality that exists between electric displacement and electric field intensity.

6th grade science I mark as brainliest

Answers

Answer:

8. organelle

Explanation:

9. Epithelial tissue

am i correct?

A 14.0-g wad of sticky clay is hurled horizontally at a 90-g wooden block initially at rest on a horizontal surface. The clay sticks to the block. After impact, the block slides 7.50 m before coming to rest. If the coefficient of friction between block and surface is 0.650, what was the speed of the clay immediately before impact

Answers

Answer:the speed of the clay immediately before impact =72.58m/s

Explanation:

Given that  

mass of the stick clay, M₁= 14.0 g = 0.014 kg

mass of the block ,M₂= 90 g = 0.09 kg

Therefore the total mass= (M₁+M₂) = 104g = 0.104 kg

Also, distance, s = 7.50 m

coefficient of friction μ= 0.650

Acceleration due to gravity ,g = 9.8 m/s²

 

Using the Work- Energy theorem,

change in kinetic energy =  work done

final kinetic energy(K₂) - initial  kinetic energy(K₁) =   force, F x coefficient of friction, μ x distance,s

The final kinetic energy is zero  because after the impact,  the block with the clay comes to a stop after 7.50m

kinetic energy =Work done

0.5 x m x v²=coefficient of friction,  μ x force(F)  x  distance,s(Since force = m g )

0.5 x m x v²= μ x m x g x s

0.5 x 0.104 x v² = 0.650 x 0.104x 9.8 x 7.5

v²= 0.650 x 0.104x 9.8 x 7.5 / 0.5 x 0.104

v²==95.55

V = 9.77 m/s

Using the  conservation of momentum formulae where

M₁ V₁ + M₂ V₂ = (M₁ + M₂ ) V

Since V₂  which is the velocity of block  is zero as the  block is initially at rest, We now have that

M₁ V₁ = (M₁ + M₂ ) V

0.014 kg x V₁ = 0.104 x 9.77

V₁=0.104 x 9.77 / 0.014

V=72.58m/s

Two students on ice skates stand one behind the other. Student 2 pushes student 1 in the back; student 1 has less mass than student 2; student 1 has a great acceleration than student 2. which law of motion is this (Newton's laws)

Answers

Answer:

law in acting

Explanation:

Which statement is true of a glass lens that diverges light in air?
A.
It is thick near the center and thin at the edges.
B.
It is thin near the center and thick at the edges.
C.
It is uniformly thick.
D. It is uniformly thin.

Answers

C it is uniformly thick

Answer: it is thin near the center and thick at the edges

Explanation: took the test on Plato :)

A woman accidentally drops a flowerpot from a windowsill at a height d above the street towards a man of height h standing below. The woman calls out to the man in just enough time for the man to move out of the way. If the man needs a time interval of Δt to respond to the warning, at what height above the street will the flowerpot be when the woman calls out the warning? (Use the following as necessary: d, h, Δt, v for the speed of sound, and g for gravitational acceleration.)

Answers

Answer:

h^2 - ( 2t_o v_s + 2v_s^2 /g) h + v_s^2  \  t_o^2 =0

The correct result is that of a positive height

Explanation:

For this exercise we use the kinematic relations, let's start by finding the time it takes for the sound to reach the man

             v_s = y / t

             t = [tex]\frac{y}{ v_s}[/tex]

this height is y = h

             t =  \frac{h}{ v_s}

the man has a response time of t = t₀, therefore

time to move is

             t' =  t - t₀

             

the initial height of flower pot is

           y = y₀ + v₀ t' - ½ g  t'²

when it reaches the floor the height is zero y = 0 and as the pot is dropped its initial velocity is zero v₀ = 0

            0 = y₀ +0 - ½ g (t -t₀)²

if the initial height is i = h,

             

            h = ½ g ([tex]\frac{h}{v_s}[/tex] - t₀)²2

            [tex]\frac{2}{g} h[/tex] = [tex]\frac{h^2}{v_s^2}[/tex] - [tex]\frac{2t_o }{v_s} h[/tex] + t₀²

            [tex]\frac{h^2}{v_s^2} - ( \frac{2t_o}{v_s} + \frac{2}{g} ) h + t_o^2 = 0[/tex]h2 / vs2 - (2nd / vs + 2 / g) h + to2 - = 0

            [tex]h^2 - ( 2t_o v_s + 2v_s^2 /g) h + v_s^2 \ t_o^2 =0[/tex]

 

To know the height, you must solve the second degree equation, it is much easier with numerical values.

             The correct result is that of a positive height

Plzz answer correctly

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Q5. Use Superposition to V. in the circuit below? (5 points)
4 mA
12V
2 ΚΩ
2 mA
1 ΚΩ
2 ΚΩ

Answers

Answer:

4va

12va

2jk

1jk

2jk

4. What is the acceleration of the car in each section?
b
с
d
a

Answers

Answer:

0-4 acceleration comes at 12 m/s where (B) stagnates at 12 m/s and remains for 4 seconds (C) is breaks being activated slowing the car to 6 m/s in 2 seconds and (D) over the course of 4 seconds brings the car to 10 m/s.

Explanation:

Acceleration is the slope of a velocity time graph.

Units are all m/s ^2

a) 3
b) 0
c) -3
d) 1 - doesn’t LOOK like a slope of 1, but if you look carefully at the Y axis, you can see it rises by 4 rather than 2.

Which part of the water cycle is where vapor from plants leaves the plants as they breath?
condensation
Transpiration
evaporation

Answers

Answer:

I think it is transpiration

Answer:

transpiration is the right answer

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A rectangular playground is 65m long and 30 m wide. A pathway of 1.5 m width goes all around, outside it. Find the area of the pathway How has technology such as telescopes, satellites, computers, and GPS units affect the scope of scientific discovery? What is the theoretical possibility of getting one heads and one tails in 2 coin drops with the possibility of it being HH, HT, TT? (heads and heads, heads and tails, tails and tails.)(please help) Onisha manages a group of apartment complexes and is trying to create a budget for next year. Below are the monthly expenses for the last three years, in thousands of dollars. Help her by finding the appropriate seasonal indices for April and October. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 January 170 180 195 February 180 205 210 March 205 215 230 April 230 245 282.3 May 240 265 290 June 315 330 390 July 360 400 420 August 290 335 330 September 240 260 290 October 240 270 294.8 November 230 255 280 December 195 220 250 Select one: a. April = 0.24, October = 268.27 b. None of the other options. c. April = 2.86, October = 1.01 d. April = 0.95, October = 1.01 e. April = 252.43, October = 268.27 f. April = 0.95, October = 22.36 Helppppppp meeeeeee pleaseeeeee asappp Look at this famous expression: A penny saved is a penny earned. Many people think this is true. It's not how much you earn that's important, but how much you save. What do you think?AgreeDisagreeExplain your response in 1-2 sentences the difference of 10 and a number is -2 what is the answer Plant life in wetlands is notdifferent from plant life In other areas.TrueFalse Find the solution of the equation. 2(2x + 3) = -4 + 2(2x + 5) The ______ relations with Arabian gulf region started with the establishment of Barsa commercial station in 1635A) British B) French C) Portuguese D) Dutch 2) the ____ wanted to threaten Britain by cutting off the road to its Indian colony and strike its interest in the Arabian gulf region Options are Portuguese French Dutch and Arab tribes WILL mark as brainliest please answer fasttt Harry got a raise. He now makes 105% of his old salary.If his old salary was $55,000, what is his new salary?helppp Julie earns $9 each week as an allowance. If she spends $5 each week for lunch money and saves the rest, which expression shows how much money she will save in x weeks? Why might an author provide clues about what is happening in a story instead of simply explaining it? A 2-column table with 3 rows titled Units of Length. Column 1 is labeled Customary System Units with entries 1 inch, 1 foot, 1 mile. Column 2 is labeled Metric System Units with entries 2.54 centimeters, 0.3048 meters, 1.61 kilometers. Jordan builds a miniature catapult for the science fair. He documents how far the catapult can throw a small rock for his report. Jordan measures the longest distance as 8 yards. He needs to convert the measurement to meters for his science fair report. How many meters did the catapult throw the rock? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. The catapult threw the rock meters. One of the angles of a parallelogram is 36 degree greater than another one. Find the angles of the parallelogram A man shares a $1,200,00 inheritance between his 3 sons in ratio 1: 3: 6. Calculate the difference between the largest share and the smallest share in your own words how would you restate the definition of intersubjectivity? [20 + (2.5 3)] - 3^3 "And for that purpose I'll anoint my sword... I'll touch my point/ With thiscontagion, that, if I gall him slightly,/ It may be death." *who said this? Factors between 1 to 400AD contributed to the rapid spread and growth of Christianity