Frogs lay eggs and incubate them themselves. Once the egg is formed there is no interaction between the frog and its offspring.
Instead, they produce a large number of eggs, resulting in high reproductive success. Females spend less energy on eggs than humans or chickens.
Chickens lay eggs through sexual reproduction. When it lays an egg, it hatches the egg. This takes from 21 days to 1 month. Therefore, the energy investment for hatching eggs is higher for chickens than for frogs. Chickens have a lower reproductive success rate than frogs because they lay less eggs than frogs.
Humans do not lay eggs. They go through the embryonic stage to form a zygote that matures offspring. Their energy investment phase is longer than others, as they take nine months to feed a fertilized egg.
Reproductive success is low because only one fertilized egg is produced at a time
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Charles darwin argued that ________ determines which species wins the competition for scarce resources.
Darwin argued survival of the fittest determine which species wins the competition for scarce resources.
What is Darwin's theory based on?More individual are produced each generation that can survive . Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive.
Charles darwin proposed that species can change over time , that new species come from pre existing species, and that all species share common ancestor.
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Who developed the culturing technique to enrich for a certain population of microbial cells from a complex community based on a particular metabolic phenotype of interest?
The one who developed the culturing technique to enrich for a certain population of microbial cells from a complex community based on a particular metabolic phenotype of interest is Martinus Beijerinck. The correct option is C.
What is culturing technique?Culture methods involve collecting samples from the field and culturing them to detect the presence of microbes.
The number of microbial species and their influence on corrosion are estimated. Culture media for various microbes have been established.
Culturing is simply the process of growing microorganisms in special media in the laboratory. It entails the preparation of sterile medium, as well as the inoculation, incubation, and examination of microorganisms.
Martinus Beijerinck invented the technique for enriching a specific population of microbial cells from a complex community based on a specific metabolic phenotype of interest.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A. Frederick Griffith
B. Joseph Lister
C. Martinus Beijerinck
D. Sergei Winogradsky
which individual compared r rna sequences to generate the tree of life, establishing the three-domain system? group of answer choices robert hooke frederick griffith robert koch carl woese
Carl Woese compared rRNA sequences to generate the tree of life, establishing the three-domain system.
The tree of life is a concept that has been around for centuries. It is a way of representing the relationships between all living things. In the past, the tree of life was used to show the relationships between different plants and animals. However, Carl Woese changed all that.
In the 1970s, Woese began to compare the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of different organisms. He found that there were three major groups of life, which he called the three domains. These domains are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
Woese's discovery was groundbreaking. It established the three-domain system, which is still used today. His work also showed that life is incredibly diverse. There are millions of different species on Earth, and each one has its own place in the tree of life.
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Which statement about gravitational attraction is correct?(1 point)
All objects on Earth experience the same gravitational attraction.
All objects on Earth experience the same gravitational attraction.
All objects with mass experience gravitational attraction.
All objects with mass experience gravitational attraction.
Objects with greater volume have a greater gravitational attraction.
Objects with greater volume have a greater gravitational attraction.
Objects in space will not have any gravitational attraction.
Objects in space will not have any gravitational attraction.
The statement that is correct about gravitational attraction is:
"All objects with mass experience gravitational attraction."
The magnitude of this gravitational attraction depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
What is Magnitude?
In physics, magnitude refers to the size or amount of a quantity, such as force, velocity, acceleration, or any other physical quantity. It can be thought of as the numerical value or intensity of a physical quantity, and it is often represented by a scalar value, which means it has only magnitude and no direction.
This statement is a fundamental law of physics, known as Newton's law of universal gravitation. It states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model, how would you expect the richness of birds on islands to compare with the richness of snakes and lizards? Explain.
Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model, birds have higher richness due to higher mobility capabilities.
What is MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model?MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model indicates that species having greater mobility reach more niches by dispersion and therefore they have higher richness.
In conclusion, based on MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model, birds have higher richness due to higher mobility capabilities.
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Contrast the light-detecting organs of planarians and flies. How is each organ adaptive for the lifestyle of the animal?
Ocelli on planarians can detect the brightness as well as direction of light but cannot create images. Fly eyes are complex, create mosaic images, and are very good at detecting movement.
Who are planarians?The conventional class Turbellaria includes a variety of flatworms, including planarians. This popular name is also applied to a large variety of free-living Platyhelminthes, but it most frequently refers to flatworms of something like the order Triclad Ida.
Flatworms' responses to light are what?For instance, a flatworm might turn toward the eye that isn't stimulated when its eyes sense light. This implies that a flatworm will travel away from light and into darkness.
What do light-detecting organs do?In the eyes of vertebrates, there are two different classes of light-sensing cells called rod and cone photoreceptors. Cones respond to strong light therefore mediate color vision, but rods are particularly sensitive to low light and operate in that environment [4, 5].
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hylacosmilus is a marsupial, and Smilodon is a mammal. Thylacosmilus and Smilodon both have saber teeth, but they do not share an ancestor that had saber teeth. What are saber teeth for these organisms?
Answer:
analogous structures
Explanation:
In biology, homologous structures refer to the structures that arose from a common ancestor, whereas analogous structures refer to the structures similar in function but do not have a common ancestor.
The analogous structure of Thylacosmilus and Smilodon can be explained as:
Thylacosmilus is a marsupial, which has saber teeth. The organism is extinct and the saber-toothed. The tooth of the marsupial was very long and represented as pointy fangs.
Smilodon belonged to the mammal group and is a group of extinct species. These animals also had saber tooth due to adaptations to the environment.
The saber tooth of marsupial and mammals might have the same functions, but they don't share the common ancestors.
Therefore, the correct answer is analogous structures.
In some spider species, the female eats the male immediately after copulation. How might you explain this behavior from an evolutionary perspective?
In some spider species, the female eats the male immediately after copulation. either for sustenance or to keep their reproductive options open.
What female spider eats the male after mating?Mating is a notoriously deadly activity for male widow spiders. The big females in these species, including the black widow and redback, will frequently devour the tiny males during mating, hence the "widow" in their names. In rare circumstances, the female captures the male while he is attempting to flee.
Why do baby spiders eat their mother?Consuming the mother provides nutrition that is essential for growth and development. Spiderlings' body mass and opisthosoma length increase following matriphagy compared to previously (opisthosoma In spiders, the abdomen is the rear section of the body.
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In dna sequencing, the enzyme __________ facilitates the addition of nucleotides one by one to a growing dna strand. see section 20.1 (page 467)
The enzyme DNA polymerase is one of the essential components in DNA replication. DNA is created by DNA polymerases, which sequentially add nucleotides to the developing DNA chain while only integrating those that are complementary to the template.
What are the enzymes involving in DNA sequencing?The enzyme DNA helicase, which unwinds and separates double-stranded DNA as it travels along the DNA, is one of the enzymes involved in the replication of eukaryotic DNA.
By severing hydrogen connections between DNA nucleotide pairs, it creates the replication fork. RNA primers are produced by DNA primase, a particular kind of RNA polymerase.
Therefore, DNA polymerase facilitates the addition of nucleotides one by one to a growing DNA strand.
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What type of bonds occur in tertiary and quaternary structures to cause a ""globular"" look?.
Hydrogen bonds occur in tertiary and quaternary structures to cause a "globular" look.
Hydrogen bonds- The attraction between an electronegative atom nearby and a partly positively charged hydrogen atom linked to a strongly electronegative atom (such nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine). An contact between two separate molecules is referred to as intermolecular.
Tertiary Structure- Tertiary structure is the folding of the secondary structure into distinct arrangements known as domains. This occurs spontaneously in cells in one to several seconds and is driven by the properties of the amino acid side chains.
Quaternary Structure- A protein's quaternary structure is formed when many protein chains or subunits come together in a compact configuration.
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To document that a species has actually become extinct, what factors would you need to consider?
Recognize the complete variety of the species and that it's far missing across all of that variety. we would additionally want to be positive that the species has actually become extinct, and is not hidden, as might be the case for an animal this is hibernating underground or a plant this is present in the shape of seeds or spores.
Most of the main reasons for extinction are brought about directly or in a roundabout way by humans. human beings negatively affect the environment by controlling and artificially causing fires, transferring agriculture cultivation with unsustainable strategies, grazing through domesticated animals, overkilling species, and so on.
As species cross extinct, taken out of the meals chain. Animals that ate the newly-extinct species ought to find new food assets or starve. this will damage the populations of other vegetation or animals. moreover, if a predator goes has actually become extinct, its prey's populace can proliferate, unbalancing nearby ecosystems.
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Which of the following is not found in cytoplasm?
water
carbohydrates
salt
vitamins
Carbohydrates are not found in cytoplasm.
which protein of the electron transport chain does not pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?
Complex II protein is unique in another important way. Unlike Complexes I, III, and IV, it takes part in the electron transport chain but does not actively pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
here The mitochondrial inner membrane has a unique composition of proteins and phospholipids, whose interdependence is crucial for mitochondrial function.It is highly enriched in proteins specific to this membrane, the majority of which are encoded by the nuclear genome and imported from the cytosol.here Complex II is comprised of two hydrophilic proteins, flavoprotein (Fp) and iron-sulfur protein (Ip), and two transmembrane proteins (CybL and CybS), as well as prosthetic groups required for electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone.
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There are four chambers in the mouse heart - the right and left ventricles, and the right and left atria. Based on the data in the table below, which chamber, the left ventricle or the left atrium, do you think pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body? Explain your answer.
From the table given, the left ventricle pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What is the heart?The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It's the primary organ of your circulatory system.
The heart is the main organ of your cardiovascular system and performs various functions.
From the data given in the table, there is a higher percentage of mitochondria in the left ventricle.
Mitochondria are energy producing organelles which produce ATP and are the main site for respiration. The energy produced by the mitochondria is used for pumping blood around the body.
The main function of the heart is to move blood throughout the body. The heart has other functions which include:
Controlling the rhythm and speed of the heart rate.Maintaining of the blood pressure.In conclusion, the mouse has e a four-chamber heart that consists of ventricles and atria and is similar to the human heart. There are significant differences in the heart of a man and mouse.
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How could natural selection have led to the evolution of adaptations such as the parachute-like structure carrying a seed shown on the first page of this chapter?
How could natural selection have led to the evolution of adaptations such as the parachute-like structure carrying a seed?
The ancestors of the dandelion plant may have shown differences in how well their seeds, which could travel farther, may have had less competition in reaching fertile soil. Maybe that's why they survived better and were able to produce more offspring. Over time, an increasingly higher proportion of individuals in the population would have adapted seed-attached parachute structures for seed dispersal.
What do you mean by natural selection?
In natural selection, those variations in the genotype (the entire complex of genes inherited from both parents) that increase the organism's chances of survival and reproduction are preserved and multiplied from generation to generation at the expense of less advantageous variations. Evolution often occurs as a result of this process. Natural selection can arise from differences in survival, fecundity, developmental rate, mating success, or any other aspect of the life cycle. All these differences lead to natural selection to the extent that they affect the number of offspring an organism leaves behind.To learn more about natural selection, refer to:
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If sds-page were used for a pure sample of this protein that was preincubated with mercaptoethanol, then there would be?
If sds-page were used for a pure sample of this protein that was preincubated with mercaptoethanol, then there would be two bands expected.
The sds-page stands for the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that is a discontinuous electrophoretic system. It is used to obtain the high resolution separation of the complex mixtures of the proteins.
The sds-page allows the protein separation on the basis of their mass, and their medium is known as matrix which is consists of polyacrylamide based discontinuous gel. In this method the charged molecules migrated to the electrode with the opposite sign when placed in electric field.
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Do you think there is a connection between the properties of
water and the fact that the pH of pure water is a neutral 7?
What do you think that connection is?
with 7 representing neutrality. pH levels below 7 indicate acidity, whereas values of ph above 7 suggest baseness. The pH of the water is a crucial indicator of the purity of the water.
What's the short definition of pH?The scale runs from 0 to 14, with 7 standing in for neutrality. pH levels below 7 indicate acidity, whereas values of ph above 7 suggest baseness. The pH scale actually counts the amount of free hydroxyl and hydrogen ions present in water.
What is pH, and why does it matter?The biological processes that occur, how microorganisms behave, and how chemicals behave can all be affected by pH.
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How is dopamine activity related to schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease?
The higher risk could be brought on by schizophrenia's neurobiological impacts or changes in the brain's dopamine system brought on by drugs that block dopamine receptors.
What is impact of drug on dopamine?Drugs provide tremendous euphoria and considerably greater dopamine surges, which strongly reinforce the relationship between using the drug, experiencing pleasure, all the and all the associated environmental signals.
Parkinson's disease is more likely to develop later in life in those with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Therefore, dopamine activity related to schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease.
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Where would you expect a polypeptide region rich in the amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine to be located in a folded polypeptide? Explain.
I expect to find valine, leucine, and isoleucine in the interior of the folded polypeptide because they are hydrophobic and cannot interact with water.
How are amino acids arranged in a protein?The amino acids are arranged in a protein in order that hydrophobic regions may interact together inside the hydrophobic core of the protein, while polar residues may form stable bonds with water molecules.
In consequence, the polar amino acids are arranged to be present on the surface of the protein in order to interact with H2O molecules and thus form stable 3D quaternary protein structures.
In conclusion, I would expect to find a region rich in valine, leucine, and isoleucine in the interior (inside) of the folded polypeptide because they are hydrophobic and cannot interact with water.
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17. What plant structures control the passage of H₂0 out of the plant and CO₂ into the plant?
Answer:
Stomata
Explanation:
H2O and CO2 move in and out of the plant through the stomata
Choose all that apply below to RNA:
double helix
single strand helix
contains thymine
contains uracil
contains adenine
contains cytosine
contains guanine
contains the original code to make proteins
takes the original code out of the nucleus and translate it into proteins
Answer:
RNA is a single strand helix and contain adenine uracil cytosine and guanine.RNA takes the original code from DNA and translate this code into proteins
Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Mutualism is defined as a relationship where both parties receive some benefit. The bacteria obtains nutrients from the gut and the humans obtain vitamin K.
What is the likelihood of a person developing schizophrenia if the disorder affects his or her fraternal twin? How would the likelihood change if DNA sequencing revealed that the twins shared the genetic variants that contribute to the disorder?
Instead, they discovered that if one fraternal, or dizygotic, twin developed schizophrenia, the other twin had a 17% chance of developing it as well. This is significantly lower than the 48% for identical twins.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people have an abnormal interpretation of reality.
Schizophrenia can cause hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that interferes with daily functioning and can be disabling. Schizophrenia patients must be treated for the rest of their lives.
Deletions or duplications of genetic material in any of several chromosomes are also thought to increase the risk of schizophrenia.
A small deletion (microdeletion) on chromosome 22 called 22q11, in particular, may be involved in a small percentage of cases of schizophrenia.
Thus, this is the likelihood of a person developing schizophrenia if the disorder affects his or her fraternal twin.
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The density of the material will ___ when thermal energy is added to it.
Answer:
the unit used for measuring the heat.
Explanation:
depending on the work your doing it's D/4
Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex? a. Establish a reserve that protects the population's habitat. b. Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species. c. Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population. d. Control populations of the endangered population's predators and competitors.
Add new members who have been brought in from other populations of the same species. would improve a population's genetic diversity in an extinction vortex the quickest.
Add fresh individuals who have been brought in from different populations of the same species.
Populations can adapt to changing circumstances thanks to genetic variation, which is the total amount of genetic traits that make up a species.
The diversity or variability within a species, community, or collection is referred to as genetic diversity. Every person, as we all know, is distinctive due to their distinctive genes. For instance, each person has a distinct physical look. This is a result of each person's unique genetic makeup. Similar to the diverse dog breeds or rose varieties, this word refers to various populations of the same species.
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Food or medicine 5 example with date of manufatured and expiration date
The manufacturing and expiration dates of both food and medications should be noted.
The durable life dates (often referred to as the "best before" date) of food products are specified in the Canadian Food and Drugs Act and Regulations. Food will maintain its characteristic wholesomeness, flavor, and nutritional value for a length of time starting on the day it is packaged for retail sale when maintained in conditions appropriate for that product. Most items that have a shelf life of 90 days or fewer are required to include a date and storage instructions.The stability and shelf life of a product are indicated by the "expiry date" on prescription drugs and natural health products. Supplements and medications shouldn't be taken after they've expired.
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one of a botanist's hybridization experiments with peas yielded offspring with of those peas (or %) having yellow pods. according to genetic theory, 25% of the offspring peas should have yellow pods.
To test if the difference between the observed and the expected frequencies in a population, are significant or not, we use the X² test. This difference does not have statistical significance. The population is in H-W equilibrium.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium theory that states that when a population is in equilibrium, allelic and genotypic frequencies remain the same though generations.
If the observed frequencies differ from the expected ones, propably this is because an evolutive force is going on.
However, this difference might also be related to random chances. So, statistical analysis must be done to determine if the differences between the observed and expected values are significant or not.
To do it, you perform a chi square test, X².
yellow pods green pods
Observed values 181 (26%) 523 (74%)
Expected values 176 (25%) 528 (75%)
(Obs - Exp)² / Exp 0.142 0.047
X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = 0.189
Degrees of freedom = n - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1
Table p value = 3.841
P₀.₀₅ > X²
3.841 > 0.189
P₀.₀₅ value is greater than X², so there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The locus in this population might be in equilibrium.
The difference between the observed and the expected values is not significant.
According to the genetic theory, 176 of the 104 peas would have yellow pods. The difference between the actual number of peas with yellow pods and the expected number of peas with yellow pods is 5 pea(s). This difference does not appear to be statistically significant.You can learn more about the H-W equilibrium and chi-square test at
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Complete question in the attached files
Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem referred to as energy flow, not energy cycling?
The transfer of energy in an ecosystem referred to as energy flow, not energy cycling because it is not recycled within the ecosystem and flows from one form to another.
What is Energy?This is defined as the ability to do work and usually causes different types of changes in a biological system and examples include chemical energy, heat energy etc.
Energy passes through an ecosystem by entering as sunlight through their absorption by plants during the process of photosynthesis and leaves as heat through various metabolic processes and doesn't involve any recycling within the ecosystem which is why it is referred to as energy flow.
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biological evolution is defined as group of answer choices change in the properties of organisms over the course of development. directed change of organisms towards greater complexity. change in the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generations. random mutations and natural selection.
Biological evolution is defined as: change in the properties of organisms over the course of development.
Evolution is the phenomenon of change in the genotype or phenotype of an organism over the course of time. The result of evolution can be a new species or the same species with new characteristics. Evolution makes the organisms survive better in the changing environment.
Development is the progressive growth of an organism. The change in shape, size, and functions of the organism determine its growth. Change in mass is not a criteria for development. The change of a zygote into a completely mature organism can be considered as an example of development.
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A chemoheterotroph obtains its energy from __________ and its carbon from __________ sources.
A chemoheterotroph obtains its energy from redox reactions and its carbon from organic sources.
Chemoheterotrophs are the class of organisms that use redox reactions as the source of energy but do not have the luxury of producing their own carbon so they depend on other organisms that have the ability to produce organic compounds.
Redox reactions are those types of reactions that are also entitled oxidation-reduction reactions in which electrons are shifted between two molecules resulting in a change in their oxidation state. Redox reactions produce energy as a result of the transfer of electrons which lose latent energy while being transferred. Redox reactions depend on pyridine nucleotides to provide the reducing power for the reaction.
Chemoheterotrophs have to depend on organic compounds such as carbohydrates and lipids to fulfill their carbon requirements.
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