Huntington’s disease (HD) is prevalent South Africa. Most of the families with HD have Dutch or British ancestry, which suggests they inherited the European HD allele. HD is believed to have first arrived in South Africa more than 300 years ago when Dutch colonists settled into the Western Cape in the 1600s. Thus, the prevalence of HD in South Africa is the result of the founder effect.
Mutations in the HTT gene cause Huntington’s disease. The HTT gene provides instructions for making a protein called huntintin. This protein plays a role in nerve cells in the brain. The HTT mutation that causes HD involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat. This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene. In people with HD, the CAG segment is repeated 36 to more than 120 times. An increase in the size of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the huntintin protein. This causes the dysfunction and eventual death of neurons in certain areas of the brain. The more repeats, the more serious the disease is.
HD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. There is both an adult onset (after reproductive age) and a juvenile onset pattern. People with adult onset typically have 40 to 50 repeats, while people with the juvenile form tend to have more than 60 repeats. Individuals who have 27 to 35 repeats do not develop HD, but they are at risk of having children who will develop the disorder. As the gene is passed on to offspring, the size of the repeat may lengthen into the range associated with HD.
Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.
Explanation:
Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.
True or false--
All the modern species of bison have evolved overtime just as all living organisms evolve over time.
Answer:
The working assumption for many years was that, like North American bison, European bison evolved from steppe bison. ... Their results suggest that the European bison is the result of inter-breeding, over 120,000 years ago, between steppe bison and aurochs; the wild ancestors of modern domestic cattle.
Our study suggests that the first bison arrived in North America 195 - 135 thousand years ago over a land bridge between Asia and Alaska. They quickly spread and evolved (changed) into different forms to adapt to their new environments.
*insert JIMIN'S ROCK BISON pic here*
Explanation:
I.d.k what answer ur expecting from this sentence army.
so I just gave more info regarding this..lol.
What part of the bacteriophage attaches and anchors itself to the bacteria?
Answer: Proteins in the "tail" of the phage bind to a specific receptor (in this case, a sugar transporter) on the surface of the bacterial cell. Entry: The phage injects its double-stranded DNA genome into the cytoplasm of the bacterium.
Explanation:
Implantation Which of the following sequences correctly describes prenatal development? A. blastocyst implants in uterus, zygote forms, heart begins beating, lungs can breathe air, sex organs become visible B. blastocyst implants in the uterus, zygote forms, heart begins beating, sex organs become visible, lungs can breathe air C. zygote forms, blastocyst implants in the uterus, heart begins beating, sex organs become visible, lungs can breathe air D. zygote forms, blastocyst implants in the uterus, sex organs become visible, heart begins beating, lungs can breathe air 3. Which of the following correrti
Explanation:
A because in the pental development the men and women sex others for there fun and baby in this ara
7. Compare and contrast the way carbon is used in respiration and photosynthesis
.
8. How does carbon get into the ocean?
9. What is carbon used for when it is in the ocean?
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Compare and contrast suspension feeding and deposit feeding-
Answer:
Suspension feeding involves collecting food particles like small organisms, organic matter, detritus which are suspended in water, often using some form of filtration.
Suspension feeders catch food or organic material from the water using tentacles or spiny arms
where as
Deposit feeding involves feasting on detritus and organic matter that have settled on the ocean floor.
Deposit feeders pass sand, mud, water or sediment into their mouths using mucous-covered tentacles or arms etc.
Explanation:
Suspension feeding ingests the food particles which are suspended in water, while deposit feeding ingests sediments and aquire foods.
What do you mean by Deposit feeders?Deposit feeders may be defined as those aquatic organisms that forage on organic matter that settled down on the bottom.
Suspension feeding maintains the water quality in the aquatic environment, while deposit feeding enhances oxygen level and nutrient cycling.
Suspension feeding occurs similarly to filter-feeding that only ingests suspended particles. While deposit-feeding ingests the deposited particles like detritus, organic matter, etc.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Which statement describes a main characteristic that separates members of the domain Eukarya from the domains of Bacteria and Archaea? a. Eukarya are able to reproduce. b. Eukarya are able to photosynthesize. c. Eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus. d. Eukarya are made from more than one cell.
Answer: it’s actually D
Explanation:
Main characteristic that separates members of the domain Eukarya from the domains of Bacteria and Archaea is that eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus.
What are Eukarya?Eukarya are organisms with cells which contains a nuclei.
This nuclei or nucleus are membrane bound organelles.
Unlike bacteria, their nucleus is well bounded in a membrane.Therefore, Eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus.
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Name two types of a sexual
reproduction which occur in animals
giving one example in each case
Answer:
Meiosis and Fertilization
sexual and asexual reproduction
What elements makes up a glucose molecule?
Answer:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Explanation:
In which situation is light refracted?
A When light hits a wall
B When light hits a mirror
C When a light wave hits another light wave
D When light travels from air into water
3. Compare and contrast the movement produced by each of the three types
Answer:
strike-slip is when the blocks have mostly moved horizontally, normal is when a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below, and thrust is when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
There are three faults. Normal faults originate from the divergent boundary. Reverse faults originate from the convergent boundary. Strike-slip fault originate from transforming boundary.
What are the three types of fault?We can differenciate three types of faults,
Normal fault ⇒ originate from divergent movementReverse fault ⇒ originate from convergent movementStricke-slip fault ⇒ originate from transforming movementWhat are the boundary types?I. Divergent:
This boundary occurs when two plates separate and molten material rises from the mantle creating a new crust.
The hot material creates a new seabed between the separating plates, expanding the sea bottom.
II. Convergent.
Collision area between two plates. Two oceanic plates might collide, or one oceanic plate with a continental one.
In this last case, the oceanic crust sinks under the continental plate, and magma rises to the surface by crevices.
The thicker and older plate subduces under the other plate.
III. Transforming.
The plates slide laterally with each other, and they are usually called faults.
It is associated, in general, with the oceanic ridge, although it might also occur in the continental plate.
No rocky material is either destroyed or formed.
When the plates move and produce a displacement of one transforming limits from side to side, earthquakes occur.
The movement breaks the crust and originates pronounced fractures.
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After doing research on plants and fertilizers, a 5th grade science class states the hypothesis for their experiment; "If a plant receives fertilizer, then it will grow to be bigger than a plant that does not receive fertilizer." To test this hypothesis the students must ______________. A) make observations B) collect and record data C) determine and follow a procedure D) make observations, collect and record data, and determine and follow a procedure
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is a combination of all three options above, and ALL those steps need to be done, so it is D.
If you are ever stuck on a problem and cannot receive help, usually the answer that is "all above" right, but not always.
which factor contributes to climate change the most
Frogs and toads belong to the order Anura. The smallest organism in this order is about 7 millimeters long, while the largest member is about 30
centimeters long. Which of these lists best describes this order?
Answer:
Correct question is:
Frogs and toads belong to the order Anura. The smallest organism in this order is about 7 millimeters long, while the largest member is about 30
centimeters long. Which of these lists best describes this order?
a. Order Anura: 338 families, 28 genera, 4360 species
b. Order Anura: 28 families, 338 genera, 4360 species
c. Order Anura: 338 families, 4360 genera, 28 species
d. Order Anura: 28 families, 4360 genera, 338 species
Answer:
b. Order Anura: 28 families, 338 genera, 4360 species
The families are biggest part followed by genera and then each genera has multiple species, this is described by nomenclature of biological species. Therefore option B is correct as the numbers are also increasing because families will be fewer than genera and genera will be fewer than species.
4.
What is the salinity of seawater?
1.5 percent
3.5 percent
10 percent
5.5 percent
Answer:
I think the answer is 3.5%
Explanation:
35 parts per thousand of seawater contains salt therefore your answer is 3.5
Compared to the inertia of a 1-kilogram mass, the
inertia of a 4-kilogram mass is
A. 16 times as great
B. 1/16 as great
C. 1/4 as great
D. 4 times as great
please help.
Answer:
D. 4 times as great
Explanation:
The inertia of an object is the resistance offered by the object to change in its motion or position.
Then concept of inertia is obtained from Newton's first law of motion which states that an object which is not subjected to any net external force will remain its position of rest or constant velocity of motion until some net external force acts on it. The object at rest will then start to move whereas the object moving at constant velocity will experience a change in its speed or direction of motion.
This reluctance to change position is greater, the more massive an object is as well as the higher the speed of motion of the object. Thus, inertia is directly proportional to the mass of the object as well to the velocity of an object in motion.
From Newton's first law, inertia can be calculated as the force to be overcome to mobile an object, i.e. Inertia = F = ma
Where m is mass of object, a = acceleration of the object.
Objects on the earth's surface experience a constant acceleration, g.
Thus for a 1 kg mass, Inertia = 1 × g
For a 4 kg mass, inertia = 4 × g
The inertia of a 4 kg mass is four times as great as a 1 kg mass.
The inertia of a 1-kilogram mass, the inertia of a 4-kilogram mass is - D. 4 times as great
Inertia is the property of matter that resists changes in motion. Mass is the quantitative matter of motion.
Mass is that quantity that is solely dependent upon the inertia of an object.The more inertia that an object has, the more mass that it has.A more massive object has a greater tendency to resist changes in its state of motion.Thus, the inertia of a 1-kilogram mass, the inertia of a 4-kilogram mass is - D. 4 times as great.
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How could you describe the levels of organization in a decomposer?
an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
What is the correct term for developing
baby 1 week after fertilisation whe the
organ system are starting to develop?
Answer:
please give me brainlist and follow
Explanation:
Following fertilization the embryonic stage of development continues until the end of the 10th week (gestational age) (8th week fertilization age). The first two weeks from fertilization is also referred to as the germinal stage or preembryonic stage.
Answer:
Embryo
Explanation:
When its organ systems start to develop, it's called the embryonic period. Hence, the correct term will be embryo.
hope this helps and is right. p.s i really need brainliest :)
if my answer is wrong then I am incredibly sorry!
Energy Efficiency =
Useful Energy Output/Total Energy
Input x 100 (%)
If a power plant uses 100 units of
energy to create electricity and the
output is 5 units, where does the
95% of the energy input go?
A. lost as heat
B. lost as gas
C. escapes the system as potential energy
If a power plant uses 100 units of energy to create electricity and the output is 5 units, 95% of the energy input goes as lost as heat.
Could you ever create a machine where 100% of the input energy would turn into output energy?No, a real machine can't have an efficiency of 100%. An efficiency of 100% means that there is no loss and the output energy (or work) of the machine is equal to input energy (or work). In real machines, there is always some loss of energy to overcome friction and air resistance.
How do you calculate the energy efficiency of a power plant?To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, divide the equivalent Btu content of a kWh of electricity (3,412 Btu) by the heat rate. For example, if the heat rate is 10,500 Btu, the efficiency is 33%. If the heat rate is 7,500 Btu, the efficiency is 45%.
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What part of the brain controls the following activity: you breathe faster when you run.
a]cerebrum
b]cerebellum
c]pons
d]medulla oblongata
Answer:
The answer is D because it is medulla
Explanation:
Hope u like it
Answer:
c:ponds
Explanation:
The pons, while involved in the regulation of functions carried out by the cranial nerves it houses, works together with the medulla oblongata to serve an especially critical role in generating the respiratory rhythm of breathing. Active functioning of the pons may also be fundamental to rapid eye movement .
The structure labeled X enables this plant cell toa.Release energyb.Store waterc.Control nuclear divisiond.Manufacture proteins
About the question:
You will find the cell image in the attached files
Answer:
b.Store water
Explanation:
Here we are looking at a vegetable cell. And specifically, the X letter is labeling a vacuole, which we can recognize by its size.
We can find vacuoles either in animal or vegetable cells. They are essential to the correct functioning of the cell.
Now we are going to describe a vegetable cell vacuole.
Usually, they occupy a central place on the vegetable cells. They are big organules, representing almost 90% of the total cell volume. They are the biggest-sized organelle of vegetable cells.
Vacuole formation is thanks to the fusion of many vesicles release by the Golgi complex, and sometimes, with the RER intervention. There are different types of vacuoles according to their function, and many times, a single cell might carry different types of vacuoles. These organelles harbor diverse fluids, among which there are water and enzymes. Eventually, they can also contain solid substances such as proteins, salts, and sugars.
Vacuoles accomplish different functions. The main one is to keep turgor, store waste elements, and substance degradation. Here we are going to focus on the turgor function that involves water storage.
Turgor is a measure of hydrostatic pressure against the cell walls and controlled by these organelles. Vacuoles incorporate substances in their interior such as ions, creating an osmotic environment variable concerning the cytoplasmic one. This environmental variability produces a water flow from inside to outside and vice-versa. The capability of water storage is crucial for vegetable cells.
During anaphase the chromosomes line up ?
True or false
5. Predict long-term changes to the surface landscape of the area if too much water is drawn from the ground and the water table drops further.
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What is the name of this table?
Answer: Periodic table
Explanation:
Answer: Periodic table of the elements
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The structure of the table shows periodic trends.
Which gas is most necessary for plants to do photosynthesis?
A. carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen
C. oxygen
QUESTION :::::
Which gas is most necessary for plants to do photosynthesis?
A. carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen
C. oxygen
ANSWER ::::
carbon dioxide
To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes in a plant's leaves, flowers, branches, stems, and roots. Plants also require water to make their food.
Explanation:
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The part of the muscular system responsible for movement is
a. cardiac
b. smooth.
c. skeletal.
Digestive enzymes in your stomach and intestines help digest the food you eat. If you are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk products, it is the result of a mutated message in your...
Group of answer choices
lysosomes
nucleolus
chromosomes
X and Y chromosome
Answer:
chromosomes
Explanation:
that is what your genes are located in
which ocean zone has the most abundant primary producers and why
Answer:
the epipelagic zone ,due to its high light availability and warm water temperatures.
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Silver and gold are common medals used in making jewelry. Why do you think these metals are used?
A. they are ductile and malleable.
B. they have luster.
C. they cannot be dissolved in water.
D. All of above
Answer:
A. They are ductile and malleable
Explanation:
Although they have luster/shine they can be be dissolved in water and in acid so it can not be all of the above. They are malleable so they can be easily be made into jewelry.
Air moves through this passage to the lungs.In what body system does it play a role?
A.digestive
B.skeletal
C.endocrine
D.eespiratory