Consider two neighboring island countries called Arcadia and Felicidad. They each have 4 million labor hours available per week that they can use to produce jeans, corn, or a combination of both. The following table shows the amount of jeans or corn that can be produced using 1 hour of labor.

Jeans Corn
Country (Pairs per hour of labor) (Bushels per hour of labor)
Arcadia 8 16
Felicidad 5 20


Initially, suppose Arcadia uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce jeans and 3 million hours per week to produce corn, while Felicidad uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce jeans and 1 million hours per week to produce corn. Consequently, Arcadia produces 8 million pairs of jeans and 48 million bushels of corn, and Felicidad produces 15 million pairs of jeans and 20 million bushels of corn. Assume there are no other countries willing to trade goods, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount of jeans and corn it produces.


Arcadia's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is____of corn, and Felicidad's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is____of corn. Therefore,____has a comparative advantage in the production of jeans, and____has a comparative advantage in the production of corn.

Suppose that each country completely specializes in the production of the good in which it has a comparative advantage, producing only that good. In this case, the country that produces jeans will produce ___ million pairs per week, and the country that produces corn will produce ____ million bushels per week.

When the two countries did not specialize, the total production of jeans was 23 million pairs per week, and the total production of corn was 68 million bushels per week. Because of specialization, the total production of jeans has increased by____million pairs per week, and the total production of corn has increased by____million bushels per week.

Because the two countries produce more jeans and more corn under specialization, each country is able to gain from trade.
Calculate the gains from trade—that is, the amount by which each country has increased its consumption of each good relative to the first row of the table. In the following table, enter this difference in the boxes across the last row (marked “Increase in Consumption”).
Arcadia Felicidad

Jeans Corn Jeans Corn
(millions of pairs) (millions of bushels) (millions of pairs) (millions of bushels)

Without Trade
Production 8 48 15 20
Consumption 8 48 15 20

With Trade
Production
Trade action
Consumption

Gains from trade
Increase in consumption

Answer:

Arcadia's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is 2 bushels of corn, and Felicidad's opportunity cost of producing 1 pair of jeans is 4 bushels of corn. Therefore, Arcadia has a comparative advantage in the production of jeans, and Felicidad has a comparative advantage in the production of corn.

Suppose that each country completely specializes in the production of the good in which it has a comparative advantage, producing only that good. In this case, the country that produces jeans will produce 32 million pairs per week, and the country that produces corn will produce 80 million bushels per week.

When the two countries did not specialize, the total production of jeans was 23 million pairs per week, and the total production of corn was 68 million bushels per week. Because of specialization, the total production of jeans has increased by 9 million pairs per week, and the total production of corn has increased by 12 million bushels per week.

Because the two countries produce more jeans and more corn under specialization, each country is able to gain from trade.

Calculate the gains from trade—that is, the amount by which each country has increased its consumption of each good relative to the first row of the table. In the following table, enter this difference in the boxes across the last row (marked “Increase in Consumption”).

                                         Arcadia               Felicidad

                                    Jeans Corn           Jeans Corn

Without Trade

Production                      8      48                 15      20

Consumption                 8      48                  15      20

With Trade

Production                    32      0                   0        80      

Trade action                15     48                  15       48

Consumption               17     48                  15       32

Gains from trade

Increase in                    9                                        12

consumption

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