On January 10, 1901, an enormous geyser of oil exploded from a drilling site at Spindletop Hill, a mound created by an underground salt deposit located near Beaumont in Jefferson County, southeastern Texas. Reaching a height of more than 150 feet and producing close to 100,000 barrels a day, the “gusher” was more powerful than any previously seen in the world. A booming oil industry soon grew up around the oil field at Spindletop, and many of the major oil companies in America, including Gulf Oil, Texaco and Exxon, can trace their origins there.
The Need for More Oil
By the mid-19th century, the tremendous effects of the Industrial Revolution had created a need for a cheaper and more convenient fossil fuel than coal; this need would be filled by petroleum. Edwin Drake drilled the first well specifically intended to extract oil in northwestern Pennsylvania in 1859, and by the end of the century, Pennsylvania had produced more oil than any other state.
Did you know? Today, Texas produces 1,087,000 barrels of oil per day.
As for Texas, Native Americans living in the region had known about the sticky black tar found in the earth there for centuries, and had long used it for medicinal purposes. By the end of the 19th century, several discoveries of oil had been made in the southeastern part of the state, including small fields near Nacogdoches and at Corsicana. In 1900, however, total Texas oil production was 863,000 barrels, a small fraction of the national total of 63 million.
Salt-Dome Speculation
Spindletop Hill, south of Beamount in Jefferson County, was formed by an underground salt dome, which pushed the earth above it higher and higher as it grew. It was the mechanic and self-taught geologist Patillo Higgins who first suspected there might be oil lurking beneath Spindletop (and other similar salt domes). Higgins organized the Gladys City Oil, Gas and Manufacturing Company in 1892 to look into the possibility, though his theory met with widespread skepticism from petroleum and geologic experts. Years later, Higgins ran a newspaper advertisement for fellow investors and got a response from the Austrian-born engineer Anthony F. Lucas, who shared Higgins’ view on the salt domes. When Lucas finally convinced leading Pennsylvania oilmen John Galey and James Guffey to finance a drilling operation, Higgins was completely excluded from the arrangement. (Higgins would later sue, and receive a comfortable profit from the Spindletop oil field.)
Drilling began at Spindletop in October 1900, and by early January 1901 they had reached a depth of some 1,020 feet after overcoming initial difficulties in drilling into the sandy ground. On January 10, mud began bubbling out of the hole. Workers soon fled as the mud came gushing out at high speed, followed by natural gas and then by oil. The Lucas Geyser, as it was called, reached a height of more than 150 feet, and was the most powerful that had ever been seen in the world. It was soon producing close to 100,000 barrels a day, more than all the other oil wells in America combined.
A Booming Industry
Tens of thousands of people flocked to the Spindletop oil field after the strike, transforming southeastern Texas from a sleepy backwater to a bustling boomtown within months. Spindletop in 1901 saw the earliest beginnings of the petroleum company that would become Gulf Oil Corporation (bought by Chevron Corporation in 1984). The oil strike at Spindletop also spawned the oil giants Texaco (founded as the Texas Fuel Company), Amoco and the Humble Oil Company (later Exxon Company USA).
In its first year, Spindletop produced more than 3.5 million barrels of oil; in its second, production rose to 17.4 million. In addition to driving the price of oil down and destroying the previous monopoly held by John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil, Spindletop ushered in a new era in Texas-based industry, and was enormously influential in the state’s future development. New oil companies were formed, along with the refining and marketing organizations needed to support them, offering a host of new jobs and increased income for the state’s inhabitants. Meanwhile, thousands of new prospectors arrived in Texas, searching for their own fields of black gold.
Lasting Impact
Though the oil boom surrounding Spindletop had largely subsided by the beginning of World War I, its impact would last much longer. The abundance of oil found in Texas would fuel the expansion of the shipping and railroad industries, as well as the development of new innovations such as automobiles and airplanes. By the late 20th century, oil refining, chemicals and petrochemicals continued to dominate Texas industry, though electronics, aerospace and other high-tech fields had increased in importance.
Professor Smith noticed that the students who sat in the front in her classes usually got A’s. Soon she decided that students who sit in the front row are generally good students. This is an example of *
a)deductive reasoning
b)inductive reasoning
C)causal reasoning
D) deterministic reasoning
Answer:
im going to say inductive but im not sure
Explanation:
Which two people played critical roles in keeping and expanding many military installations in the state of Georgia?
А
Jimmy Carter and William B. Hartsfield
B
Maynard Jackson and Andrew Young
С
Richard Russell and Carl Vinson
D
Eugene Talmadge and Tom Watson
Answers A
Explanation:it’s a because it’s a
Jimmy Carter and William B. Hartsfield are the two people played critical roles in keeping and expanding many military installations in the state of Georgia. Hence, option A is correct.
A base, camp, post, station, yard, centre, or other activity directed by the Secretary of a military department, or, if the activity is taking place in a foreign country, the Secretary of a military department or the Secretary of.
According to information from the Pentagon and the Military Analysis Network, there are between 450 and 500 military bases in the United States.
In terms of scale, Fort Bragg is currently the largest military facility in the nation. At the time King was wandering the country looking for a small area to blow up with artillery, the US was more of a third-rate military power.
Thus, option A is correct.
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why was Italy an ideal place for the Renaissance to begin?
Answer:
Italy had three advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance: thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. Overseas trade, spurred by the Crusades, had led to the growth of large city-states in northern Italy. The region also had many sizable towns.
How did the War of 1812 affect public opinion in the United States?
OA
OB.
OC.
OD.
OE.
Feelings of nationalism declined because the war destroyed farmlands across the country.
American pride and confidence surged because the country proved its military ability.
Feelings of nationalism declined as Americans realized the importance of trade with Britain.
American military leaders became unpopular for leading the country into a costly war.
The Federalists became popular for supporting peace with Britain to keep trade going.
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Answer:
B. American pride and confidence surged because the country proved its military ability.
Explanation:
Which number is the location of Coral Sea?
Plz answeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Answer: I think that the best answer is B
Explanation:
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How has women‟s suffrage changed government and the standard of living in Colorado according to the Senator?
wich change came because about these events
Answer:
B it is
Explanation:
if you don't mind can you mark it brainliest
In Ancient Egypt the Pharaoh had authority because he was considered to be a living incarnation of a god. Because of this, their government was structured around their religious beliefs. What type of government is this?
Answer:
Theocratic monarchy.
Explanation:
Theocratic monarchy can be defined as form of rule in which king ruling was a mandate from god.
The term 'theocracy' is a form of government which is ruled under the divine being or religious text. Under theocracy religious clergy or rulers can rule.
In Ancient Egypt the Pharaoh were considered to be ruled under the divine guidance and a living incarnation of a god. Because of this, such form of government were structured around their religious beliefs.
Therefore, theocratic monarchy is the correct answer.
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how well does the Constitution strike a balance of authority among the
three branches of government?
Answer:
please give brainliest
Explanation:
The constitution strikes a balance of authority among the three branches of government through checks and balance. The effectiveness of these checks and balances depends on how each branch exercises their "checks" on the other branches.
Explanation:
The constitution strikes a balance of authority among the three branches of government through checks and balance. The effectiveness of these checks and balances depends on how each branch exercises their "checks" on the other branches.
In addition, it defines its respective controls and balances, because it delimits the power and institutions of the political organization.
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Plz help me!!! 2. What kind of skills do you think a person would need for thisoccupation?
Answer:
what is the occupation you didn't tell us but for most occupations you need Communication skills. Occupational therapists must be able to listen attentively to what patients tell them and be able to explain what they want their patients to do.
Compassion. ...
Flexibility. ...
Interpersonal skills. ...
Patience. ...
Writing skills.
Why was the thirteenth Amendment significant to Georgia during Reconstruction
What can Alexis do so that object 3 moves about the same distance as object 1?
Answer:
Explanation:
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explain how the expansion of slavery contributed to the
ultimate dissolution of the union in 1860.
Answer:
One of the primary reasons for the reinvigoration of slavery was the invention and rapid widespread adoption of the cotton gin. This machine allowed Southern planters to grow a variety of cotton - short staple cotton - that was especially well suited to the climate of the Deep South.
Explanation:
Answer: in this oooooooof
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Answer:
Decentralized organization.
Explanation:
An organizational structure can be defined as the process which typically involves dividing an organization into various functional units.
Basically, the organizational structure comprises of three (3) main dimensions and these are;
I. The vertical dimension: this is typically the decision-making responsibilities (decentralization and centralization).
II. The horizontal dimension: this divides the organization into subunits.
III. Integrating mechanisms: it is based typically on the strategic mechanism that controls the various subunits within an organization.
In the vertical dimension of an organizational structure, decentralization can be defined as a practice which typically involves giving decision-making authority to the lowest chain of command.
Hence, decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible in a decentralized organization.
This ultimately implies that, in a decentralized organization, decision-making authority and power isn't concentrated at the top level (echelon) of the organization.
Answer:
nomerater
Explanation:
3. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this audio story? For the first time in history, two sets of adorable baby elephant twins were born in Kenya’s Amboseli National Park. Elephants can be very hard to find, but visitors who spend enough time can spot large herds with many new babies. Just like humans do, elephants invest a lot of time and energy in nurturing and raising their young. The right environmental conditions have triggered an unusual elephant baby boom in Kenya’s Amboseli National Park.
Answer:yea that it Explanation:
6. What is your persuasive angle?
The reason you believe what you do about a subject
The facts and figures which will make your audience believe you
The words you use to explain your position
The way you stand when giving your speech
Answer:A persuasive angle is the display or introduction of an author's vision or an speaker/narrator's point of view in such confident way to convince an audience about certain argument or making them believe something, whether is using (logos/ethos/pathos) facts and evidences, people's own ideals and beliefs or exploiting
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
A persuasive angle is the display or introduction of an author's vision or an speaker/narrator's point of view in such confident way to convince an audience about certain argument or making them believe something, whether is using (logos/ethos/pathos) facts and evidences, people's own ideals and beliefs or exploiting
The US interest in the Middle East...
20 points
A. To protect oil interest
B. To defeat the Iraqi Army
C. Liberate Kuwait
D. All of the above
Answer:
A) To protect oil Interest
Explanation:
Iraq. The origin of American economic involvement in the Middle East, particularly with regards to oil, dates back to 1928 with the signing of the Red Line Agreement.
Answer:
A
Explanation: Iraq. The origin of American economic involvement in the Middle East, particularly with regards to oil, dates back to 1928 with the signing of the Red Line Agreement. I may be wrong though so I'm sorry if i am in advance.