The assertion "It is true that " since exothermic processes are favored and the sign of the enthalpy change tells us whether or not a process is endothermic or exothermic .
The phrase "the sign of [tex]dH_{sol}[/tex] tells us whether or not solution will form " is not a fact .
All chemical reactions fall into one of two categories: exothermic reactions or endothermic reactions. When energy is lost to the environment during an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change of the reaction is negative. A type of reaction known as an endothermic reaction results in a positively altering equilibrium by absorbing energy from the surrounding environment.
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A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valence is 4. this is because the carbon atom ___.
Since carbon has four valence electrons, it can create four covalent bonds to reach the entire outer energy level.
What are valence electrons?The electrons in an atom's outermost shell, or energy level, are called valence electrons. For instance, the valence electrons of oxygen are six, with two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the number of the atom's primary group. The main group number of an element in the periodic table can be found by looking at its column. For instance, the group 4 member carbon contains four valence electrons. Oxygen, a group six member, has six valence electrons.
Chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and astatine are members of the halogen family of elements, which are those containing seven electrons in the valence shell.
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The image shows energy flowing from coal, to a coal-fired power plant, to a power
tower, and finally to a radio. Match the types of energy as they are converted from
one type to the other in each stage of the process. HELPP PLS
The types of energy are correctly matched below:
Thermal energy: Coal-fire power plant
Electrical energy: power plant
Sound energy: Radio
Chemical/potential energy:Coal
What is energy conversion?Energy conversion is also known as energy transformation whereby a type of energy changes to another form of energy.
There are various types of energy which includes:
Thermal energy: A typical example of thermal energy is the coal-fire power plant which generates heat energy upon its performance and usage.Electrical energy: A typical example of the electrical energy is the power plant which has the ability to generate electricity.Sound energy: A typical example of the sound energy is the radio device which has the ability to generate sounds.Chemical/potential energy: A typical example of chemical energy is the coal.Learn more about energy here:
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onsider the structure. a carbon is bonded to two three carbon chains and a branched alkane. the branched alkane is a 2 carbon chain with a methyl on carbon 1. select the correct name for the given structure.
If we consider a structure in which a carbon is bonded to two three carbon chains and a branched alkane then the branched alkane is a 2 carbon chain with a ethyl on Carbon 1 then the correct name of the structure is 4-(isopropyl)heptane.
The two three carbon chains bonded to the carbon atom will form the parent chain of this structure and this chain will have 7 carbon atoms in it.
Since this chain is that of an alkane and it has no functional group attached so the root name will be heptane.
Now, we have to add a prefix by naming the branched alkyl chain. The branched chain has 3 carbon atoms in it with a methyl group on carbon 1.
So, this name of this group will be propyl.
The position of this propyl group is 4th on the parent chain so the full name of the structure will be 4-(isopropyl)heptane.
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444 joules into calories
Answer:
106.119 calories
Explanation:
Hope this helps! If you need a step-by-step explanation feel free to ask and I'd be happy to give it to you <33
What is the name given to the smallest group of atoms, ions, or molecules that form the building block of a mineral?.
The name given to the smallest group of atoms, ions, or molecules that form the building block of a mineral is called unit cell.
What is unit cell?
A unit cell is the smallest part of a crystal lattice that exhibits the three-dimensional structure of the entire crystal. The identical unit cell can be thought of as being duplicated in three dimensions in a crystal.
An atom is what?
Atoms, which are minuscule bits of matter, are what distinguish each chemical element from the others. A negatively charged core nucleus and one or more orbiting electrons make up an atom. There may be the positively charged, somewhat massive protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus.
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when acidified k2cr2o7 solution is added to na2s solution, green cr3 ions and free s are formed. when acidified k2cr2o7 solution is added to nacl, no change occurs. of the substances involved in these reactions, which is the best reducing agent?
The best reducing agent is Na2S.
What is reducing agent?A chemical species known as a reducing agent in chemistry "donates" an electron to an electron acceptor. The Earth metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds are a few examples of chemicals that are frequently used as reducing agents.
A material that induces oxidation by receiving electrons becomes reduced when it acts as an oxidising agent. A chemical that reduces something by gaining electrons is said to be an oxidising agent. There are examples of how to recognise oxidising and reducing agents.
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For what order reaction does the half-life get longer as the initial concentration increases?
The half-life gets longer as the initial concentration increases in zero-order reaction.
The amount of time it takes for the concentration of a given reactant to reach 50% of its initial concentration is known as the half-life of a chemical reaction (i.e. the time taken for the reactant concentration to reach half of its initial value).
For zero order reaction:
The half-life is given as:
[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac{[A]_{0}}{2k}[/tex] where k is the rate constant of the reaction and [tex][A]_{0}[/tex] is the initial concentration.
As we can see that the half-life is directly proportional to the initial concentration. Therefore, when the initial concentration increases the half-life gets longer.
For the first-order reaction,
The half-life is given as:
[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac{\ln 2}{k}=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]
A first-order reaction's half-life is independent of the initial concentration.
For a second-order reaction,
The half-life is:
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }=\frac{1}{k[A]_{0}}[/tex]
The initial concentration is inversely proportional to the half-life, so when the initial concentration increases the half-life will get shorter.
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58
The absolute temperature of a gas is increased four times while maintaining a constant volume. What happens to the
pressure of the gas?
O It decreases by a factor of four.
O It increases by a factor of four.
O It decreases by a factor of eight.
O It increases by a factor of eight.
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The pressure of gas will increase by a factor of 4.
When absolute temperature of a gas is increased 4 times while maintaining constant volume, The pressure of the gas is increased by a factor of 4.
This can be explained by Gay-Lussac Law, which states that at any constant volume, the pressure of the gas will be directly proportional to the temperature for a given gas.
PV=nRT ,
Gay-Lussac law explains the relationship between temperature and pressure at constant volume.
P ∝ T => P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
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you have been observing an insect that defends itself from enemies by secreting a caustic liquid. analysis of the liquid shows it to have a total concentration of formate plus formic acid (Ka
pH of the buffer solution is 1.76.
Chemical dissociation of formic acid in the water:
HCOOH(aq) ⇄ HCOO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq)
The solution of formic acid and formate ions is a buffer.
[HCOO⁻] = 0.015 M; equilibrium concentration of formate ions
[HCOOH] + [HCOO⁻] = 1.45 M; sum of concentration of formic acid and formate
[HCOOH] = 1.45 M - 0.015 M
[HCOOH] = 1.435 M; equilibrium concentration of formic acid
pKa = -logKa
pKa = -log 1.8×10⁻⁴ M
pKa = 3.74
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log(cs/ck)
pH = 3.74 + log (0.015 M/1.435 M)
pH = 3.74 - 1.98
pH = 1.76
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examine the following order of elution of compounds containing certain functional groups from fastest to slowest, and indicate which mistake has been made.hydrocarbons, olefins, ethers, amines, ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, aromatics, and carboxylic acids
Elution sequence for chemicals, from the fastest to the slowest is hydrocarbons, olefins, ethers, halocarbons, aromatics, ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, amines and acids.
What is Elution sequence ?
No matter how polar the compounds are, the more polar the solvent, the faster the chemicals elute. Therefore, altering the polarity of the solvent will not alter the order in which the compounds elute off a TLC or column. This may seem counterintuitive because a polar solvent would seem to carry polar compounds farther than nonpolar compounds.
Consider that chemicals and solvents will fight for locations on the stationary phase in order to help you visualize this idea. Slow elution will be caused by molecules remaining attached to the stationary phase due to a less polar solvent's poor ability to compete. Molecules and a polar solvent will successfully contend for locations on the stationary phase.
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How many molecules of nh4br are in 3.166 g of nh4br? show the conversions required to solve this problem and calculate the molecules of nh4br.
0.19264 × 10^23 molecules of NH4Br are there in 3.166g of NH4Br.
Given
Mass = 3.166g
Molecular mass of NH4Br = 97.94
Moles = Given mass / molar mass
Moles = 3.166 / 97.94
Moles = 0.032
To get number of molecules
Molecules = Moles × 6.02 × 10^23
= 0.032 × 6.02 × 10^23
Molecules = 0.19264 × 10^23
Depending on the context, the term may or may not include ions that fit this condition. A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds.
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a sheet of aluminum (al) foil has a total area of 1.000 ft2 and a mass of 3.736 g. what is the thickness of the foil in millimeters (density of al
The thickness of a sheet of aluminum (al) foil is t = 0.015 mm.
What is density ?The definition of density is the mass of a material per unit of volume. The Latin letter D may also be used, however the sign is most usually employed to denote density. The mathematical definition of density is mass divided by volume.
row = m/V
where is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
The connection between a substance's mass and the amount of space it occupies is known as its density (volume). The density of a substance is determined by the mass, size, and arrangement of its atoms. Density (D) is defined as the product of a substance's mass and volume.
V = mass/ Density
V = 3.736/2.699
V = 1.3842 cm³
area = 1.00 ft²
as we know,
1ft = (0.305m)²
= 0.093m²
= 0.093 * 10⁶ mm²
so, the thickness will be,
t = 1384.2/ 0.093 * 10⁶ mm²
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the second law of thermodynamics states that disorder in a system is always increasing. in simple terms, one can think about dropping nacl crystals into a glass of water. the solvation and diffusion of ions is favored by there is an increase in: group of answer choices
Then there is an increase in Entropy.
What is entropy?A state of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty are frequently related with the scientific concept of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical characteristic. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.
The amount of different configurations that the atoms in a system can take depends on its entropy. Entropy can be thought of as a gauge of uncertainty or unpredictability.
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A baseball’s resultant velocity is 17.23 m/s, at 26.02° from the level ground. Determine the horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity.
A baseball’s resultant velocity is 17.23 m/s, at 26.02° from the level ground then the horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity is 15.4835m/s
Velocity means the direction of the movement of the body or the object here given data is velocity =17.23 m/s, at angle= 26.02° and we have to find horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity=?
So, Horizontal distance can be expressed as x=V × t
Cos26.02°=x/17.23 for vector component, this means that the
17.23cos26.02°= x horizontal component is the hypotenuse length
x=15.4835m/s is the horizontal component of the baseball’s velocity
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What is the product of the following reaction?
(a) cyclohexane
(b) cyclohexene
(c) cyclohexanol
(d) 1,2-cyclohexanediol
The correct option is cyclohexane.
What is cyclohexane used for?The majority of cyclohexane is used to make nylon intermediates, which are used to make thermoplastics and a variety of popular items including apparel, tents, and carpets. Additionally employed as a solvent in industrial and chemical processes, cyclohexane has recently replaced benzene in several applications.Remove the person from the exposure if they experience irritation and burns, as well as burns on their nose and throat that cause them to cough and wheeze. Eyes should be thoroughly rinsed with water for at least 15 minutes. If wearing contacts, take them out. Look for medical help.The main distinction between cyclohexane and benzene is that the former has six carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms bonded to each of its six carbon atoms, whereas the latter has six hydrogen atoms bonded to each of its six carbon atoms.
What is the product of the following reaction? Cyclohexane.
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one possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that color, flavor, vitamins and minerals may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
What is cooking with moist heat?
Liquid or steam is used in moist heat cooking to deliver heat to the food. Poaching, steaming, and braising are three common methods. Each os the moist heat cooking method uses heat in the form of liquid or vapor to slowly cook food and loosen connective tissue.
Numerous nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are lost when food is cooked using moist heat because these nutrients stay in the liquid that they were originally cooked in. Taste is lost when food is boiled since it also stays in the liquid.
Question:
One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that _______ may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
a.color
b.flavor
c.vitamins
d.minerals
e.all the above
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How many nucleoside triphosphate molecules does gluconeogenesis consume to make one glucose? group of answer choices 5 2 1 6 4
Answer:
2
Explanation:i had this same question
strontium salts are also used in highway safety flares. when an electron from strontium relaxes from its prevalent excited state, a photon with a wavelength of 660 nm is emitted. approximately how much energy is released upon emission?
The energy is released upon emission is E = 1.7 x 10⁵ J/mol.
The formula of energy is
E = hv
Here,
v = c / λ
c = speed of light
= 3 × 10^8
λ = 660 nm
= 660 × 10^-9
v = c / λ
= 3 × 10^8 / 660 × 10^-9
v = 4.5 × 10^14
Value of h = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js
E = hv
E = 6.626 × 10^-34 Js × 4.5 × 10^14
E = 2.9 × 10^-19 J/ photon
The amount of energy we receive is one photon's worth. To find the solution to this question, we must thus multiply this result by Avogadro's number.
E = 2.9 x 10 ⁻¹⁹ J/ photon x 6.022 x 10 ²³photon/mol
E = 1.7 x 10⁵ J/mol
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gold is fcc and has a lattice constant of 0.40788 nm. calculate a value for the atomic radius of a gold atom in nanometers.
Gold is fcc and has a lattice constant of 0.40788 nm . The value for the atomic radius of a gold atom in nanometers is 0.14421 nm. .
A gold atom touches another along the diagonal on each face of the unit cell of a fcc lattice, which has right angles. Typically, the diagonal is shown as extending from the center of one atom to the center of a second atom and to the center of a third atom. As a result, one can construct a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 4r, where r is the radius of a gold atom, and whose legs both have lengths of a = 0.40788 nm. By applying the Pythagorean theorem,
a^2 + a^2 = ( 4r )^2,
2 a^2 + = (16r^2) ,
and r = (21/2/4)a,
where an is the stated covalent atomic radius of gold and r is 0.14421 nm.
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How does the energy required to ionize a muonic hydrogen atom compare to that required to ionize a regular hydrogen atom?
The energy required to ionize a muonic hydrogen atom compare to that required to ionize a regular hydrogen atom:
What is muonic hydrogen atom?Muonic hydrogen is an exotic hydrogen atom, where a muon (instead of an electron) orbits proton. Because muon is 200 times heavier than the electron, the muon's orbit is 200 times closer to the proton in muonic hydrogen than that of the electron in regular hydrogen.
The extremely precise extraction of proton radius obtained by Pohl et al. from measured energy difference between the 2P and 2S states of muonic hydrogen disagrees significantly with that extracted from electronic hydrogen or elastic–proton scattering. This discrepancy is proton radius puzzle.
In muonic hydrogen electron is replaced by muon, μ which is 200 times heavier than electron
ΔE= En - Ei
for hydrogen like atom,
ΔE= 13.6(Z square /n square) - (-13.6Z square/1 square)
For, Z=1 and n=x (for ionization)
I.E.=13.6eV for electron
I.E.∝ mass (as binding energy proportional to mass)
I.E.=13.6eV*200
=2720eV
=2.720keV
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how is larithmics important to science
Answer:
Probably the most common use is the first-order decay law, which describes everything from radioactive decay to the metabolism of drugs.
Much of the power of logarithms is their usefulness in solving exponential equations. Some examples of this include sound (decibel measures), earthquakes (Richter scale), the brightness of stars, and chemistry (pH balance, a measure of acidity and alkalinity)
Explanation:
i need the answers pleaseee! this is acids and bases for chemistry
What is the net ionic equation for
the reaction below?
MnS(s) + H₂SO4 (aq) → MnSO4 (aq) + H₂S(g)
The net ionic equation is: 2H⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → H₂S(g)
What is a net ionic equation?A net ionic equation is an ionic equation which does not indicate the ions which remains in the solution as ions at the end of the reaction but only the ions which form the products are shown in a net ionic equation.
The ions that remain in solution are known as spectator ions.
The ionic equation of the given reaction is given below:
Mn²⁺S²⁻(aq) + 2H⁺SO₄²⁻ (aq) → Mn²⁺SO₄²⁻ (aq) + H₂S(g)
The net ionic equation is: 2H⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → H₂S(g)
In conclusion, a net ionic equation only shows ions that form products.
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compound present in many foods has the formulka c44h86o8np. to which class of molecules does this compound belong?
Lipids the compound present in food with formula C₄₄h₈₆O₈NP
Elaborating :The compound with a formula C₄₄H₈₆O₈NP is understood as phosphatidylethanolamine. it's the second most abudant phospholipid in animal and plant lipid, after phosphotidylcholine. It is present in many foods. Also a main lipid component of microbial membranes. it's found in all living cells and compose of 25% of all phospholipids.
What is the role of lipids in food?
They are important in the diet as energy sources and as sources of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, which tend to accompany fats. They also contribute satiety, flavor, and palatability to the diet.Dietary lipids are primarily oils (liquid) and fats (solid). Commonly consumed oils are canola, corn, olive, peanut, safflower, soy, and sunflower-seed oil . Foods rich in oils include dressing , olives, avocados, spread , nuts, seeds, and a few fish. Fats are found in animal meat, dairy products, and cocoa butter
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A sample of small, soluble organic molecules was analyzed and found to contain the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. it is most likely that the molecules were?
The sample most likely to be a protein .
Amino acids, which are smaller building blocks of proteins, are linked together in lengthy chains to form proteins. To create a protein, 20 distinct kinds of amino acids can be mixed. Each protein's precise function and distinctive 3-dimensional structure are determined by the order of the amino acids.
Combinations of three DNA building units (nucleotides), which are dictated by the order of genes, are used to code for amino acids.
The main functions of the proteins are determined below:-
proteins are responsible for a Biochemical reaction to happen.Some proteins are hormones ,which acts as messengers in our body.have main role in building immuno system, helps to form immuniglubolins or antibodies.Transports and store nutrients.helps in overall growth and development of the body.To learn more about protein, refer this link
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A+chemist+wants+to+mix+an+8%+salt+solution+with+a+20%+salt+solution+to+obtain+12+liters+of+an+18%+salt+solution.+how+much+of+the+20%+solution+should+she+use?
She will use 10 L of the 20% solution.
What is a mixture ?A mixture is a substance made up of two or more dissimilar chemical compounds that are not chemically linked in chemistry. When two or more substances are physically combined, their identities are maintained, and the mixture takes the shape of solutions, suspensions, or colloids.
Let
x = amount of 8% solution
y = amount of 20% solution
The chemist wants to end up with a 12-L mixture, so
x + y = 12
0.8x L of salt is present in an 8% solution, while 0.2y L is present in a 20% solution. When blended, the mixture should have an 18% salt concentration, or 18% of 12 L = 2.16 L of salt, so
0.08x + 0.2y = 2.16
Solve for y :
x = 12 - y
0.08 (12 - y) + 0.2y = 2.16
0.96 - 0.08y + 0.2y = 2.16
0.12y = 1.2
y = 10
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the resultant pressure force acting on a body completely or partially submerged in a liquid is the ______________________________.
The resultant pressure force acting on a body completely or partially submerged in a liquid is the
When a body is completely or partially submerged in a liquid, the resultant pressure force acting on the body is called the buoyant force.
What is buoyant force?A fluid's uoyancy, also known as an upthrust, is an upward force that works against the weight of an item that is partially or completely submerged in the fluid. Because of the weight of the fluid on top, pressure in a fluid column rises with depth.
Accordingly, a fluid column's bottom has a higher pressure than its top. Similar to this, when an object is submerged in a liquid, the pressure at the bottom of the object is higher than at the top. The net force on the object is upward due to the pressure difference. According to Archimedes' principle, the force's strength is proportional to the difference in pressure and is equal to the weight of the fluid that would otherwise occupy the space.
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How much heat is absorbed when of C(s) reacts in
the presence of to produce CS2(1) and CO(g)
according to the following chemical equation?
5 C(s) + 2 SO₂(g) → CS₂(1) +4 0(g) AH = 239.9 kJ
120 KJ of heat is absorbed in this reaction.
As we know
Where W is the provided mass of carbon, which is 30g, n=W/M
M is the carbon molar mass. 30 / 12 = 2.5 moles at 12g/mol.
As a result, the heat absorbed by 2.5 moles of carbon is equal to 120 kJ, or half the heat absorbed by 5 moles of carbon, or 239.9 kJ.
The heat evolved (either emitted or absorbed) during a process that runs at constant pressure is equivalent to the change in enthalpy. The internal energy (U) and pressure-volume product (PV), are both supplied by the equation:
H=U+PV
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You place 0.45 mg of salicylic acid (sa, 138.12 g/mol) into water to make 87.3 ml of solution. what is the concentration of the sa?
The concentration of making 87.3 ml of salicylic acid solution with 0.45 mg is 3.73x10⁻⁵ M
To solve this problem, the formulas and the procedures that we have to use are:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) Ln = m / MWWhere:
M= molarityn = molesm = massv = volumeMW = molecular weightInformation about the problem:
m = 0.45 mgv = 87.3 mLMW = 138.12 g/molM = ?Converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have:
v(solution) = 87.3 mL * (1 L/1000 ml)
v(solution) = 0.0873 L
Converting the mass units from (mg) to (g) we have:
m = 0.45 mg * (1 g/1000 mg)
m = 0.00045 g
Having the MW we calculate the moles of salicylic acid:
n(salicylic acid) = m(salicylic acid) / MW(salicylic acid)
n(salicylic acid) = 0.00045 g / 138.12 g/mol
n(salicylic acid) = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol
Applying the molarity formula, we get:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) L
M = 3.258x10⁻⁶ mol / 0.0873 L
M = 3.73x10⁻⁵ M
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The ph of a 0.10 m monoprotic acid ha is measured to be 3.5. what is the ka value of this acid?
The ph of a 0.10 m monoprotic acid ha is measured to be 3.5. The ka value of this acid is 10^(-6).
What is pH?
The hydrogen ion concentration is measured using the pH scale. The pH values, which range from 0 to 14, are assigned to it. Therefore, we may say that the pH value is a number that represents how acidic or basic a solution is.
A solution with a pH below 7 is referred to as acidic, and one with a pH over 7 is referred to as basic, or alkaline.
HA⇌H+ + A−
ka= [H +][A −]/[HA]
For weak acids, [H+] = [A-]
[H+] = 10^(-pH)
Thus, Ka = {10^(-3.5)}^2/0.10 = 10^(-6)
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