who discovered Einsteinium

Answer: multiple choice

Q1: Empty Space

Q2: protons and neutrons

Q3: A

Q4:C

Q5:A

Explanation:

They are equations that describe chemical processes using chemical formulae and symbols. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left and the products are represented on the right.

Chemical equations are symbols and chemical formulas that describe a chemical process symbolically. With a plus symbol separating the entities in both the reactants and the products and an arrow pointing in the direction of the products to indicate the orientation of the reaction, the reactant entities are given on the left and the product entities are given on the right.

Chemical formulations can be combined, structural (represented by pictures), or both. The exact amounts of the stoichiometric numbers are shown as coefficients next to the symbols and formulations of the various entities. Jean Beguin drew the first chemistry equation in 1615.

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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, cast iron—also known as gray cast iron was a type of pipe that was utilized as a pressure pipe for the transfer of water and sewage.

Any natural or manufactured product that is applied to soil or plant tissues to provide nutrients for plants (see spelling variations) is an example. It is possible to differentiate fertilizers from liming materials and other non-nutritious soil additives.

Iron oxide, a chemical that is used a lot, is known as rust. Iron's rapid interaction with oxygen results in the formation of iron oxide, or Fe₂O₃, which is so common that pure iron rarely occurs in nature.

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Answer:

ZnS + 2HBr⟶ ZnBr2 + H2S

Explanation:

ZnS + 2HBr⟶ ZnBr2 + H2S

Zn = 1

S = 1

H = 2

Br = 2

ZnS + 2HBr = ZnBr2 + ZnS The number the atoms for every element on each side of the equation is now equal, balancing the equation.

a simple substance that's unable to be divided into smaller components or transformed into another substance is referred to as in chemistry. Atoms, which are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are the building blocks of an element.

Two atoms of zinc (Zn) can be seen in the diagram below.

one atom just on left and one atom on the right make up sulfur (S).

There are two atoms of hydrogen (H) on the right and one on the left.

Bromine (Br) has two atoms here on right and one on the left.

We need to add a 2 coefficient in front of HBr here on left side in order to balance between hydrogen or bromine atoms:

2HBr + ZnS = ZnBr2 + H2S

Now that the hydrogen plus bromine atoms are in balance, we only have one sulfur atom on the left side and two on the right. The coefficient of 1 must be placed in front of ZnS just on left side in order to balance all sulfur atoms:

1/ZnS + 2/HBr 1H2S + 1ZnBr2

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The best definition of crustal deformation is that it is the constructive force that is the result of the edges of Earth's crust pushing and pulling against each other.

Crustal deformation refers to the changes in the shape, position, and orientation of the Earth's crust due to the forces acting on it.

These forces can be compressional, tensional, or shear, and they cause the crust to buckle, fold, fault, and uplift.

Crustal deformation can result in the formation of new landforms, such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus, and can also cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Thus, the best definition of crustal deformation is that it is the constructive force that is the result of the edges of Earth's crust pushing and pulling against each other.

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Answer:

The given chemical equation is:

I^- + S ==> S^-2 + I^2

To balance the reduction half-reaction of this equation, we need to identify which species is undergoing reduction, i.e., which species is gaining electrons. In this case, sulfur (S) is being reduced to sulfide (S^-2), so the reduction half-reaction involves sulfur.

The unbalanced reduction half-reaction is:

S ==> S^-2

To balance this half-reaction, we need to add electrons (e^-) to the left-hand side to balance the charge. The number of electrons added should be equal to the difference in oxidation states of sulfur between the reactant and product sides of the equation. In this case, sulfur is going from an oxidation state of 0 to -2, so it is gaining two electrons. The balanced reduction half-reaction is:

S + 2 e^- ==> S^-2

Therefore, the balanced reduction half-reaction of the given chemical equation is:

S + 2 e^- ==> S^-2

There are 3.14805 moles of NaCl in 0.805 liters of 3.91 M solution of NaCl.

Sodium chloride, is a mineral substance that is a member of the broader group of substances known as ionic salts.

To calculate the total number of moles of solute in a solution, we use the formula: moles of solute = molarity x volume in liters

It is given the volume of the solution as 0.805 liters and the molarity as 3.91 M for NaCl.

moles of NaCl = 3.91 M x 0.805 L

moles of NaCl = 3.14805 moles

Therefore, there are 3.14805 moles of NaCl in 0.805 liters of a 3.91 M solution of NaCl.

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Around 0.999 grams of iron made up the initial sample. Mathematical definitions of molarity include: Molarity is equal to the quantity of solute in moles.

By dividing the number of moles of HCl even by volume (L) of a solution in which they were dissolved, we may get the acid solution's molarity: moles of Ce4+ = Molarity Volume (in liters)

By substituting the values specified in the problem, we obtain:

Ce4+ moles equal 0.493 M 0.03635 L 0.0179 moles.

As the reaction requires the same number of moles of Fe2+ and Ce4+, we may state that:

Fe2+ mole equivalent: 0.0179 moles

We must translate the moles of Fe2+ into grams if iron using molar mass of Fe in order to determine the amount of iron with in original sample. A mol of iron has a molar mass of 55.845 g.

Fe2+ molar mass is equal to 0.0179 moles, or 55.845 g/mol, times the mass of Fe, making Fe mass equal to 0.999 g.

Mathematical definitions of molarity include: Molarity is equal to the quantity of solute in moles. number of litres in the solution. The volume of the solution will be in litres (L), as the quantity of moles per solute was measured in moles. Therefore, mol L – 1 is the unit of molarity.

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By dissolving 44.2 mg of aspirin in 0.358 L of water at 25 °C, an osmotic pressure of 0.00578 atm is created.

When aspirin is dissolved in water, osmotic pressure ( π ) = iMRT

Where,

Molar mass of aspirin (C9H8O4) = 180.16 g/mol

44.2 mg = 0.0442 g

Moles of aspirin = 0.0442 g / 180.16 g/mol

= 0.000245 moles

Molarity of aspirin solution

= moles / volume = 0.000245 moles / 0.358 L

= 0.000685 M

π = iMRT  {on equating both the equations}

= (1)(0.000685 M)(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(25 + 273.15 K)

= 0.00578 atm

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A process needs a negative change in free energy to be spontaneous. The relationship between the changes in enthalpy and entropy and the change in free energy is explained.

Whereas delta G° refers to the standard Gibbs free energy under standard conditions, delta G alone refers to the change in Gibbs free energy under specific conditions.

Declining energy and rising entropy interact to form combustion processes, which are what spontaneous reactions are. The reaction is random if the Gibbs Free Energy is negative; it is non-spontaneous if it is positive.

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So, 5.42 g or so is roughly the mass of oxygen gas.

The number of moles of gas, n, is equal to the mass of the gas in the syringe divided by its molar mass in grammes. To calculate n, the number of moles of gas, use the ideal gas equation PV = nRT. For this, the experiment's ambient temperature and pressure must be recorded.

The ideal gas law can be used to solve this issue:

PV = nRT

We need to find the number of moles of oxygen gas, which can be calculated as:

n = PV/RT

where P = 7.05 atm, V = 5.2 L, R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K, and T = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K.

n = (7.05 atm)(5.2 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(298.15 K) ≈ 0.169 mol

Now we can use the molar mass of oxygen to calculate its mass:

mass = n × M

where M is the molar mass of oxygen, which is approximately 32 g/mol.

mass = 0.169 mol × 32 g/mol ≈ 5.42 g

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A) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 --> PbSO4 + 2NaNO3

B) Moles = gms/molecular weight

C) All of the lead nitrate is consumed. This leaves some unreacted sodium sulfate as well as the product sodium nitrate.

Saltpeter (saltpetre), nitrate of potassium, and nitre are some of its popular names. It is used in the manufacture of nitric acid, model rocket propellants, and several kinds of fireworks. It also serves as a dietary preservative and manure.

1.5 / (331.2) = 1.5/331 = 0.0045 mol lead nitrate

125 mL = 0.125L of sodium sulfate

0.1M means 0.1 moles / L

Therefore 0.125L x 0.1 moles/L = 0.0125 mol sodium sulfate

The reagent with lowest moles is limiting agent. here Lead nitrate is having lower moles compared to sodium sulfate so lead nitrate is limiting agent.

C) All of the lead nitrate is consumed. This leaves some unreacted sodium sulfate as well as the product sodium nitrate.

0.0125-0.0045=0.008 moles sodium sulfate will remain

the sodium nitrate forms at a 2:1 ratio, so 0.0125*2 = 0.025 mol of sodium nitrate formed.

The three ions then are:

SO42-, Na+ , NO3-

There is 0.008 mol of SO42- in solution

There is 0.025 mol of NO3- in solution

There is 0.008 x 2 + 0.025 = 0.041 mol of Na+ in solution

by assuming that the volume change is negligible  Therefore the total volume remains constant at 125 mL = 0.125 L

0.008 / 0.125 = 0.064M SO42-

0.025/ 0.125 = 0.2M NO3-

0.041 / 0.125 = 3.28 M Na+

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0.125L of sodium sulfate is the concentration of SO₂⁴⁻ ion that remain in solution after the reaction is complete.

A) Pb(NO₃)² + Na₂SO₄ --> PbSO₄ + 2NaNO₃

B) Moles = grams/molecular weight

C) All of the lead nitrate is consumed. This leaves some unreacted sodium sulfate as well as the product sodium nitrate.

Saltpeter (saltpetre), nitrate of potassium, and nitre are some of its popular names. It is used in the manufacture of nitric acid, model rocket propellants, and several kinds of fireworks. It also serves as a dietary preservative and manure.

                   1.5 / (331.2)

                     = 1.5/331 = 0.0045 mol lead nitrate

125 mL = 0.125L of sodium sulfate

0.1M means 0.1 moles / L

Therefore 0.125L x 0.1 moles/L = 0.0125 mol sodium sulfate

The reagent with lowest moles is limiting agent. here Lead nitrate is having lower moles compared to sodium sulfate so lead nitrate is limiting agent.

C) All of the lead nitrate is consumed. This leaves some unreacted sodium sulfate as well as the product sodium nitrate.

                              0.0125-0.0045=0.008 moles

sodium sulfate will remain the sodium nitrate forms at a 2:1 ratio, so 0.0125*2 = 0.025 mol of sodium nitrate formed.

The three ions then are:

                              SO₄²⁻, Na⁺ , NO₃⁻

There is 0.008 mol of SO₄²⁻ in solution

There is 0.025 mol of NO₃⁻ in solution

There is 0.008 x 2 + 0.025 = 0.041 mol of Na⁺ in solution , by assuming that the volume change is negligible  Therefore the total volume remains constant at 125 mL = 0.125 L

                   0.008 / 0.125 = 0.064M SO₄²⁻

                         0.025/ 0.125 = 0.2M NO₃⁻

                          0.041 / 0.125 = 3.28 M Na⁺

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Answer:

0.1395 mole

Explanation:

1 mole of plutonium contains 6.022 x 10^23 atoms

=> 8.4 x 10^22 / 6.022 x 10^23 = 1.395 x 10^-1 = 0.1395 mole

The 20Δ heat is released when 4.00 mol iron is reacted with excess O 2, 12Δ heat is released when 1.00 mol Fe 2 O3 is produced, 7Δ heat is released when 1.00 g iron is reacted with excess O 2.

What is reaction ?

A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals, known as reactants, into one or more new compounds, known as products. The change in concentration of any of the reactants or products per unit of time can be used to determine the rate or speed of a reaction. It is determined by the equation rate=time + concentration.

What is exothermic reaction ?

The exothermic reaction is spreading or eliminating energy to the surroundings. It is the reaction where the energy is released in the state of energy or heat. The reaction which releases heat is called an exothermic reaction; in simple words, it can state like that. In this reaction, the temperature will increase.

Therefore, 20Δ heat is released when 4.00 mol iron is reacted with excess O 2, 12Δ heat is released when 1.00 mol Fe 2 O3 is produced, 7Δ heat is released when 1.00 g iron is reacted with excess O 2.

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Initial solution concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution is 1.66.

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Answer:

38.1g

Explanation:

Determine the molar mass of aluminum (Al): 26.98 g/mol

Convert the number of atoms of Al to moles of Al:

8.50×10^23 atoms Al × (1 mol Al/6.022×10^23 atoms Al) = 1.41 mol Al

Calculate the mass of Al in the foil using the molar mass:

1.41 mol Al × 26.98 g/mol = 38.1 g

Therefore, the mass of the aluminum foil is 38.1 g.

When a balloon is submerged in liquid nitrogen, the gas particles inside it lose kinetic energy and slow down, causing the balloon to contract and shrivel up.

Liquid nitrogen, which has a boiling point of -196C, is used for a number of purposes, including as a computer coolant, in medicine to remove warts, unwanted skin, and precancerous cells, and in cryogenics, which is the study of how materials respond to extremely low temps.

In a nutshell, it is a solid form of carbon dioxide brought on by pressure and cold temperatures. On the other hand, liquid nitrogen is a particular kind of nitrogen gas that has been cooled and pressurized to the point where it becomes a liquid.

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A solution that can be added to copper sulfate solution to show the presence of copper(ii) ions is sodium hydroxide.

To test for copper (II) ions using copper (II) sulfate, you can use a simple chemical reaction known as displacement reaction.

The steps are given below:

To confirm the presence of copper (II) ions, add excess sodium hydroxide solution to the test tube. The excess NaOH will cause the blue precipitate to dissolve, forming a deep blue solution.

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Mg(s) + 2H⁺ → Mg²⁺(aq) + H₂.To obtain the overall reaction, we sum the two half-reactions and omit the similar species in the reactants and products sides.We have two reactions: oxidation reaction:Mg(s) → Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e.Reduction reaction:2H⁺ + 2e → H₂. So, we add the two half-reactios and obtain the overall reaction:Mg(s) + 2H⁺ → Mg²⁺(aq) + H₂.

A chemical equation's generic form is:Products Reactants.In a chemical equation, the reactants are the materials that are present before the reaction begins, and the byproducts are indeed the chemicals that are created during the reaction.

The chemical reaction rate is calculated by dividing the change that occurs in a reactant's or product's concentration by the coefficient from the equation's balanced state.

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IHD (Index of Hydrogen Deficiency) is a measure of the number of unsaturations (double bonds or rings) present in an organic compound.

IHD = 1/2 times (2C+2+N-H-X)

C = Number of carbon atoms

N = Number of nitrogen atoms

H = Number of hydrogen atoms

X = Number of halogen atoms

a) 2(5) + 2 + 0 - 6 - 0/2

= 3

b) 2(6) + 2 + 0 - 10 - 0/2

= 2

c) 2(12) + 2 + 1 - 17 - 0/2

= 5

d) 2(3) + 2 + 0 - 5 - 1/2

= 1

e) 2(5) + 2 + 0 - 6 - 0/2

= 3

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Explanation:

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry, which is the study of the relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction between Na2O and NaOH is:

Na2O + 2H2O → 2NaOH

From this equation, we can see that 1 mole of Na2O produces 2 moles of NaOH.

First, we need to find the number of moles of Na2O in 1.2x10^24 particles:

1.2x10^24 particles of Na2O / 6.022x10^23 particles/mol = 1.99 mol of Na2O

Next, we can use the mole ratio between Na2O and NaOH to find the number of moles of NaOH produced:

1.99 mol Na2O × (2 mol NaOH / 1 mol Na2O) = 3.98 mol NaOH

Finally, we can use the molar mass of NaOH to convert the number of moles to grams:

3.98 mol NaOH × 40.00 g/mol = 159 g NaOH

Therefore, 1.2x10^24 particles of Na2O will produce 159 grams of NaOH.

The change in temperature for the silicon is 7.042°C.

The change in temperature of a substance can be calculated by using the following formula:

Q = mc∆T

Where;

According to this question, 125 J of energy are released when 25.0 g Si comes into contact with cold water.

125J = 25 g × 0.71 J/g K × ∆T

125 = 17.75∆T

∆T = 125/17.75

∆T = 7.042°C

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Answer:

To solve this problem, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaOH and HCl that are added to the water, and then determine how these react to form a new solution.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of NaOH that are added to the water:

moles NaOH = Molarity x Volume (in liters)

moles NaOH = 0.100 mol/L x 0.00400 L

moles NaOH = 0.000400 mol

Next, let's calculate the number of moles of HCl that are added to the solution:

moles HCl = Molarity x Volume (in liters)

moles HCl = 0.800 mol/L x 0.01900 L

moles HCl = 0.0152 mol

Now we need to determine how these react with each other. NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 ratio to form NaCl (sodium chloride) and water:

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Since we have an excess of HCl, all of the NaOH will be used up in the reaction. Therefore, the moles of NaCl formed will be equal to the moles of NaOH added. The remaining HCl will determine the pH of the resulting solution.

moles NaCl = 0.000400 mol

The total volume of the resulting solution is:

volume = 50.00 mL + 4.00 mL + 19.00 mL

volume = 0.07300 L

The concentration of HCl in the resulting solution is:

concentration HCl = moles HCl / volume

concentration HCl = 0.0152 mol / 0.07300 L

concentration HCl = 0.208 M

To find the pH, we can use the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Since HCl is a strong acid, it completely dissociates in water to form H+ and Cl- ions. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions in the solution is equal to the concentration of HCl.

pH = -log(0.208)

pH = 0.68

Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is 0.68.

The given chemical equation represents the reaction between iron (Fe) and oxygen (O₂) to form iron oxide (Fe₃O₄).

The reaction between iron and oxygen to form iron oxide is a type of redox reaction, which involves the transfer of electrons between the reactants. In this reaction, iron loses electrons (oxidation) while oxygen gains electrons (reduction).

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

6Fe + 4O₂ → 2Fe₃O₄

This equation shows that:

The equation is balanced because the same number of atoms of each element is present on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.

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The percent composition of sodium chloride can be calculated using the formula: Percent composition x 100%. In this case, the percent composition of chloride in sodium chloride is 66.60%, as given in the problem.

Percent composition of an element in a compound can be determined experimentally by performing a decomposition reaction and measuring the masses of the elements produced.

By using the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the original compound can be determined, and the percent composition of the element can be calculated.

Percent composition is an important concept in chemistry as it provides information about the relative abundance of elements in a compound. It can be used to calculate the empirical formula of a compound, which is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present.

The percent composition can also be used to predict the properties and behavior of a compound, such as its solubility and reactivity.

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If this reaction happened and produced 47 g of water, it would also produce 92 grams of carbon dioxide.

Eight moles of CO2 are created for every ten moles of water. Based on the quantity of water created, we can use this ratio to determine the amount of CO2 produced:

Moles of H2O are equal to the mass of H2O divided by the molar mass of H2O, which is 18.015 g/mol.

moles of CO2 = (8/10) * moles of H2O moles of CO2 = (8/10) * 2.61 mol = 2.09 mol moles of H2O = 47 g / 18.015 g/mol = 2.61 mol

Ultimately, mass of CO2 is calculated as moles of CO2 times the molar mass of CO2, where the molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol.

Hence, 91.8 ≈ 92 grams of carbon dioxide would result from the process.

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Boyle's law is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas, when temperature and the number of particles are kept constant.

It states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, meaning that if the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure will increase, and if the volume of a gas increases, its pressure will decrease.

1)

P1V1 = P2V2

P2 = P1V1/V2

P2 = 1 * 1000/473

P2 = 2.1 atm

2)

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 1 * 2/6 * 10^4

V2 = 3.3 * 10^-5 L

3) V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 2 * 10^6 * 1 * 10^-5/0.275

V2 = 72.7 L

4)

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 3.04 * 10^4 * 10/150

V2 = 2027 L

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9.0 g of C6H12O6 contain 3.01 x 10²³ molecules of glucose.

The result is 180.156, with grammes per mole being the unit. Hence, the mass of glucose is 90 and its molar mass is 180.156, giving us the moles of glucose, which are roughly 1.5 moles.

We can convert grammes to moles using the molar mass of glucose, and then moles to molecules using Avogadro's number:

1 mole C6H12O6 = 180 g C6H12O6

90.0 g C6H12O6 = (90.0 g C6H12O6) / (180 g/mol) = 0.5 mol C6H12O6

1 mol C6H12O6 = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules C6H12O6

0.5 mol C6H12O6 = (0.5 mol C6H12O6) x (6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol) = 3.01 x 10²³ molecules C6H12O6

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