Which atom gives up its electrons most easily?

During the light reactions water is oxidized to O2. hydrogen go to Used in the reduction of NADP+.

The photolysis process, sometimes referred to as the light reaction, occurs when light is present. Typically, it occurs in the chloroplasts' grana. Pigment molecules are present in photosystems. One of the key pigments in plants that actively participates in light-related processes like photosynthesis is chlorophyll. In the chloroplast of the mesophyll cells of the leaves, a light-dependent process takes place. The stacked disc-like structures known as thylakoids make up the double-membraned cell organelles known as chloroplasts. The membrane of these thylakoids contains the pigment chlorophyll, which is necessary for the process and is where the light reaction takes place.

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A phylogenetic tree constructed from gene sequence data is based on similarities in, the correct option is (D) nucleotide substitutions in homologous genes.

Phylogenetic tree are constructed from gene sequence data by comparing the sequences of homologous genes (genes that have a similar function and evolutionary origin) from different organisms. The similarities and differences in the nucleotide sequences of these genes are used to infer evolutionary relationships among the organisms. The tree is built based on the principle of common descent, which states that organisms that share a common ancestor will have more similar gene sequences than those that do not. By comparing the sequence similarities and differences, it is possible to infer the evolutionary relationships among different organisms and construct a branching diagram, known as a phylogenetic tree, that illustrates these relationships.

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The value of rate constant is  3.33 x 10^-11 cm3/molecules-s. To determine the order of the reaction with respect to oxygen atoms, we can use the data collected in the first set of experiments.

Where NO2 was in large excess. We can use the method of initial rates, where we compare the rates of the reaction at different initial concentrations of O.  From the data, we can see that

at t = 1.0 x 10^-2 s, [O] = 1.9 x 10^9 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2]

, where x is the order of the reaction with respect to O.

At t = 2.0 x 10^-2 s,

[O] = 6.8 x 10^8 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2].

At t = 3.0 x 10^-2 s,

[O] = 2.5 x 10^8 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2].

Since the order of the reaction with respect to O is x. for

(b), the reaction is known to be first order with respect to NO2,

so the overall rate law is rate = k[NO2].

To determine the value of the rate constant, we can use the integrated rate law, which is -[O] = kt + [O]0,

Where [O] is the concentration of O at time t,

k is the rate constant and

[O]0 is the initial concentration of O.

Using the data from the first experiment

where t = 3.0 x 10^-2 s and

O] = 2.5 x 10^8 atoms/cm3,

the value of k. -2.5 x 10^8 = k * 3 x 10^-2 + 5 x 10^9.

Solving for k, we get k = 3.33 x 10^-11 cm3/molecules-s.

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If a burst of light had a total energy of 4.50 kJ, it can release 0.0468 moles of electrons.

This number is calculated by dividing the total energy by the energy per mole of electrons, which is equal to the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol). In this case, the answer is approximately 0.0468 moles of electrons.

The Faraday constant is a measure of the amount of electrical charge that is released when one mole of electrons is passed through an electrical circuit.

This constant is important because it allows us to calculate how many moles of electrons can be released when a certain amount of energy is present.

By dividing the total energy of 4.50 kJ by the Faraday constant, we can determine the number of moles of electrons that can be released.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

A burst of light is being emitted through a photon.

If a burst of light described above had a total energy of 4.50 kj, how many moles of electrons can be released?

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2.5 moles pf pb3O4 are produced from 1.25 moles of oxygen

The reaction is shown below.

6PBo+ O2------> 2 PB3O4

here 1 mole of O2(oxygen) -----> 2 moles PB3O4

1 for 1.2 moles of O2------> ?(x)

x= 1.2* 2/ 1

x= 2.5 moles of PB3O4

As the amount of reactants increases, the molecular distance between the reacting particles decreases, increasing the likelihood of subsequent collisions. The four key variables that influence reaction rate are reactant concentration, the reactants' physical state, surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst. The disproportionately significant increase in the frequency of high energy collisions causes an increase in reaction rates as temperature rises.

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Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev wrote down the symbols for the chemical elements on February 17, 1869, arranged them in numerical order based on their atomic weights.

and created the modern periodic table. One of history's most illustrious scientists, the Russian chemist Dmitri  Mendeleev, passed away 100 years ago this year (1834–1907). His invention of the periodic table in 1869 was a major accomplishment that serves as both a helpful mnemonic and a tool for organizing all of chemistry. The elements were organized by Mendeleev in ascending order of relative atomic mass. He observed a periodic tendency in the chemical characteristics of the elements and their compounds as he performed this.There were no openings for newly found elements in his eight groupings of the elements. The structure for the contemporary periodic table was developed in 1869 by Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev, who left spaces for elements that had not yet been identified.

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44.59844.6 g of silver metal will be deposited when the reaction is fully completed.

Weight of Ag metal contained in 70.2 g of AgNO3 = 108/170 x 70.2 = 44.598 g Equivalent mass of Copper = 63.54/2= 31.77 g Equivalent mass of Silver(Ag)= 108/1

[From the aforementioned information, we learn that AgNO3 is the LIMITING AGENT]

As a result, 44.59844.6 g of silver metal will be deposited when the reaction is fully completed.

[Note: When one equivalent mass of copper, or 31.77 g, dissolves in the solution, one equivalent mass of silver, or 108 g, is deposited at the cathode.

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The solubility product constant (Ksp) of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and the idea of ion product may be used to determine the solubility of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in 0.30 M aqueous sodium sulfate.

(Na2SO4). The calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration in the solution. may be estimated as follows: [Ca2+][SO42-] = Ksp [Ca2+][SO42-] = 2.0 x 10^-5 When there is sodium sulfate present, part of the sulfate ions will originate from the sodium sulfate rather than the calcium sulfate. The total sulfate ion concentration (SO42-) in the solution may be determined as follows [SO42-] = [Na2SO4] + [CaSO4] + x = 0.30 M (where x is the concentration of CaSO4) When we enter the values into the Ksp expression, we get: 2.0 x 10^-5 = [Ca2+] [0.30 M + x] x [0.30 M + x] = [Ca2+] x [0.30 M + x] [Ca2+] = (2.0 x 10^-5) / (0.30 M + x) We may substitute [Ca2+] in the Ksp equation since [Ca2+] = [CaSO4]: ([CaSO4])2 / (0.30 M + [CaSO4]) = 2.0 x 10-5 This equation may be solved for [CaSO4,] which yields the calcium sulfate solubility in 0.30 M aqueous sodium sulfate solution.

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electron part of an atom exists in orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

The orbitals or shells that enclose an atom's nucleus are home to electrons. In the nucleus, protons and neutrons are present. In the atom's nucleus, they coalesce. An atom's nucleus is surrounded by electrons in distinct orbits. At whatever distance from the nucleus, electrons cannot just exist. The levels of these orbits are numbered 1, 2, 3, and so forth, with level 1 being the orbit closest to the nucleus. Take a look at the illustration on the right. Two electrons are contained in each orbital, and each has a unique spin. An atom's orbital is a pocket of space where an electron belonging to a certain subshell can be found.

What part of an atom exists in orbitals surrounding the nucleus?

A. electron

B. photon

C. neutron

D. proton

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Among the compounds listed, a) CH3CH2F has the lowest intermolecular forces, meaning it has the lowest boiling point.

This is because the fluorine atom has the smallest atomic radius, meaning it has the weakest dipole-dipole interactions.

The other compounds (CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH(OH)CH3, and CH3CH2COOH) all have higher boiling points due to the fact that they have larger atomic radii, resulting in stronger dipole-dipole interactions.

This is because the fluorine atom is the smallest in size and has the strongest intermolecular force, thus giving it the lowest boiling point.

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The theoretical value for the temperature increase would be negligible, as the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is exothermic but also dilute.

When HCl and NaOH are mixed together, they react to form water and salt (sodium chloride). This reaction is exothermic reaction, which means it releases heat. However, because the solutions are dilute (1.0 M), the amount of heat released will be small and may not be measurable. Additionally, the heat released during the reaction would be quickly dissipated due to the small volume of the solutions. Thus, the theoretical temperature increase would be negligible.

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Your question seems incomplete, but I suppose the question was:

"we mixed 30 ml of 1.0 m hcl with 70 ml of 1.0 m naoh. what is the theoretical value for the temperature increase?"

Carbon dioxide and methane are the atmospheric gases which absorbs more than one type of electromagnetic radiations or light.

The electromagnetic radiation consists of waves made up of electromagnetic field which are capable of propogating through space and carry the radiant electromagnetic energy.

The radiation are composed of electromagnetic waves which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields . They are created due to change which is periodic in electric as well as magnetic fields.

In vacuum ,all the electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed that is with the speed of air.The position of an electromagnetic wave in an electromagnetic spectrum is characterized by it's frequency or wavelength.

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In a reaction of an acid that has an equal amount of a base, the ph changes to a value that is closer to 7 or neutral .

Any solution is considered "neutral" and has a pH of 7 if there is an equal quantity of acid and base present. Because the pH of the neutralised substance is close to or equal to 7, when an acid combines with a base, acid and water are produced. The autoprotolysis reaction, the next equilibrium, serves as the foundation for acid-base behaviour in water.

Reactions to neutralisation, when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed together in the right amounts, [H+] equals [OH], creating a neutral solution with pH of 7, the outcome is. Acidic and basic qualities are no longer existent because the acid and base have neutralised one another. When acid and base are together, a neutralisation reaction occurs where salt and water are created.

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Give an example of where a scientist might be: a. accurate but not precise. b. precise but not accurate. c. both precise and accurate, are listed below.

What is accurate?

Accuracy is the measure of how closely a measurement resembles the actual or accepted value. How closely two measurements of the same thing differ is referred to as precision.

What is precise?

The precision of an object is defined as the similarity between two or more measurements. If you weigh an object five times and it weighs 2 kg each time, the measurement has precision but not necessarily accuracy, or it might be the other way around.

Therefore, Give an example of where a scientist might be: a. accurate but not precise. b. precise but not accurate. c. both precise and accurate, are listed below.

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a. Accurate but not precise:

An example of a scientist being accurate but not precise could be a situation where a scientist measures the boiling point of a substance and obtains a series of measurements consistently close to the accepted value but with a wide range of variation among the measurements. Although the measurements may not be precise (due to the variability), they are accurate because they are close to the true value.

b. Precise but not accurate:

An example of a scientist being precise but not accurate could be a scenario where a scientist uses a faulty instrument to measure the length of an object. The measurements obtained may consistently show the same value (high precision) but differ significantly from the actual length (low accuracy). In this case, the measurements are precise (consistent) but not accurate (far from the true value).

c. Both precise and accurate:

An example of a scientist being both precise and accurate could be a situation where a scientist measures the weight of an object using a highly calibrated and accurate weighing scale. The scientist obtains several measurements that are all very close to each other (high precision) and also very close to the true weight of the object (high accuracy). In this case, the measurements are both precise and accurate, indicating a high level of reliability and validity.

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If the kinetic and potential energies of a liter of oxygen molecules are 250 j and 1200 j, respectfully, it is likely that the liter of oxygen molecules is in a gaseous phase.

According to the passage, the kinetic and potential energies of a liter of oxygen molecules are 250 J and 1200 J, respectively. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration. Therefore, it is likely that the liter of oxygen molecules is in a gaseous phase. Gases have high kinetic energy and relatively low potential energy because their molecules are in constant motion and have more distance between them, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces. It's worth noting that the kinetic energy alone is not enough to determine the phase of the substance, as it can be in any of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) and the potential energy alone is not enough as well. The phase of the substance can be determined by comparing the kinetic and potential energies, and other thermodynamic parameters such as temperature, pressure, and volume.

So, based on the given information the liter of oxygen molecules is most likely to be in gaseous phase.

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It took 32.47 ml of .1224 m NaOH to reach the endpoint when titrating a sample containing .4073 g of an unknown acid.

The formula for number of moles(n) is:

n = Molarity × Volume( in liters )

n = 0.1224 x32.47 ÷ 1000 moles

n = 0.00397 Moles.

[tex]3.9 * 10 ^-3 Mol NaOH[/tex]

Sodium hydroxide is sometimes known as caustic soda or lye. It is a common ingredient in cleansers and soaps.

At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a solid that is white and odorless. Sodium hydroxide is a liquid that has no color or smell. It can have violent interactions with water and strong acids. The corroding acid is sodium hydroxide. NaOH may heat up as it dissolves if airborne moisture reacts with it. This heat may be sufficient to start a fire if it is close to combustible materials.

Sodium hydroxide is useful because it can alter lipids. It is a crucial component of household products like liquid soap and drain cleaners. White pellets or a solution in water are the two most widely available forms of sodium hydroxide for sale.

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The solvents used to generate this and only this product are DMF, DMSO, i-PrOH.

1-bromopropane reacts with sodium propan-2-olate to form 1-isopropoxypropane. The mechanism of this reaction follows SN2 pathway.

Polar aprotic solvents like DMF, DMSO favors SN2 reaction and provides an ease to carry the reaction.

If the nucleophile is dissolve in less polar solvent, then SN2 reaction goes faster to form required product.

The nucleophile sodium propan-2-olate is dissolve in less polar solvent i-propanol (i-PrOH).

Thus, the solvents used to generate the only product are shown below:

DMF (dimethyl formamide)

i-PrOH (iso-propanol)

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

The synthesis reaction is given in the image.

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The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

It is a key component of aerobic metabolism, as it generates energy in the form of ATP from the breakdown of glucose and other fuels.

When glucose labeled with 14C is fed to a cell undergoing aerobic metabolism and becomes the sole source of carbon for the TCA cycle, the cycle will incorporate the 14C label into the molecules produced during the cycle.

The TCA cycle involves a series of 8 reactions, in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, and is converted into 2 molecules of CO2.

Each turn of the TCA cycle will convert 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA into 2 molecules of CO2.

When glucose labeled with 14C is the sole source of carbon for the TCA cycle, 100% of the acetyl-CoA produced from the glucose will be labeled with 14C.

So after the first turn of the TCA cycle, 100% of the 2 molecules of CO2 produced will also be labeled with 14C.

In the second turn of the TCA cycle, one of the two CO2 molecules produced in the first turn will be used to regenerate the unlabeled oxaloacetate.

The other CO2 molecule produced in the first turn will be used to form another molecule of acetyl-CoA, which will again enter the TCA cycle and produce two new molecules of CO2.

So after two turns of the TCA cycle, 50% of the CO2 produced will be labeled with 14C.

This is because one of the two CO2 molecules produced in the first turn will be used to regenerate the unlabeled oxaloacetate, and the other will enter the TCA cycle again.

It's important to note that this is a simplified version of the TCA cycle, in reality, different cells have different levels of metabolic flux and different mechanisms that might contribute to the dilution of the labeled molecules.

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The half life of uranium is 10 minutes. Then, the 48 g of uranium sample will decay to 0.21 g after 78 minutes.

Heavy unstable radioactive isotopes undergo nuclear decay by the emission of charged particles. The nuclear decay is a first order reaction.

thus, decay constant k = 1/t ln W0/Wt.

The half life time of the sample = 10 minute.

decay constant = 0.693/ t1/2

k = 0.693/10 = 0.069 min⁻¹

then,W0 = 48 g

we have to find the amount  Wt.

time of decay t = 78 min

ln 48 g/Wt =  0.069 min⁻¹ × 78 min

Wt = 0.12 g.

Therefore, the mass of uranium sample left after the decay will be 0.12 g.

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As a result, when you enter your pertinent values, you get:E = -891 * 1.65 E = -1470.15 kJ.

The following results are obtained after entering the data into the formula:

((2*-238) + -394)

- [-75 + (2*0)]

H(reaction)=-891 kJ/mol

Now you need to find the kJ value for 1.65 mol.

You use the following standard formula:

Where E is energy expressed in kJ, E is equal to (reaction) * mol.

As a result, when you enter your pertinent values, you get:

E = -891 * 1.65 E = -1470.15 kJ

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Some factors that affect the design of concert halls and movie theaters are:

1. Acoustic characteristics: Acoustic characteristics, such as sound reflection, reverberation, and sound absorption, must be considered in the design of music halls and movie theaters. This is essential to guaranteeing the best possible audio clarity and quality, both for live performances and recorded audio.

2. Seating capacity: The number of seats in a theater or concert hall has a significant impact on the space's overall design. The audience's viewing and listening experiences will be impacted by the seating arrangement and the number of rows.

3. Lighting: The design of the lighting in concert halls and movie theaters is crucial since it can change the environment's ambience. Different moods and effects can be produced by specialized lighting systems, such as spotlights for live performances or low lighting for movies.

4. Sound and projection equipment: The positioning and functionality of sound and projection equipment, such as speakers, amplifiers, and projectors, must be considered when designing concert halls and movie theaters. For the best possible sound and image quality, this is crucial.

5. Accessibility: Many concert halls and movie theaters are designed with accessibility in mind, such as ramps, elevators, and accessible seating for people with disabilities. This is important to ensure that all members of the community have the opportunity to enjoy live performances and films.

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Answer: It is described as a solvent

Explanation: I hope this helps!

The mass of one mole of hydrogen gas (H₂) is 2 g/mol. Then, the mass of 18.06 moles of hydrogen gas is 36.12 g.

One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms. This number is called Avogadro number. Thus, one mole of every elements contains Avogadro number of atoms.

Similarly one mole of a compound contains Avogadro number of molecules. Hydrogen normally exists in the molecular state H₂ as hydrogen gas.

Molecular mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol.

given number of moles = 18.06 moles.

mass of hydrogen gas = number of moles × molecular mass

mass = 18.06 × 2 = 36.12 g.

Therefore, the mass of 18.06 moles of hydrogen gas is 36.12 g.

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Yes, an Olympic swimmer to need more food energy every day than we do.

Why do swimmers need energy?

Swimmers need energy to fuel their bodies for intense physical activity. Swimming is an anaerobic and aerobic exercise, both of which require energy to be used efficiently. Swimmers typically need to consume carbohydrates before and during their workouts for sustained energy, as well as protein to help their muscles repair and rebuild. Eating a balanced diet that is high in carbohydrates and proteins will help swimmers stay energized and perform their best.

An Olympic swimmer would need more food energy every day than the average person because they need more energy to train and compete. Swimming is an intense physical activity that requires a lot of energy and endurance. Olympic swimmers must swim for hours each day, working hard to reach their peak performance. As a result, they would need more food energy to fuel their bodies for the strenuous physical activity.

Therefore, an Olympic swimmer to need more food energy every day than we do.

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Answer:

increase environmental problems

Answer:your mom

Explanation: your mom is the density

The mass of water in the calorimeter is 7.98 g when The temperature of the water is increased from 21. 7˚C to 56. 4˚C.

We can use the equation Q = mcΔT to calculate the heat transfer between the lead and the water.

Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The heat absorbed by the water is equal to the heat lost by the lead, so we can set the two heat transfer equations equal to each other:

Qwater = Qlead

mwater * cwater * ΔTwater = mlead * clead * ΔTlead

where mwater is the mass of the water, cwater is the specific heat of water (4.184 J/g°C), ΔTwater is the change in temperature of the water, mlead is the mass of the lead (200.0 g), and ΔTlead is the change in temperature of the lead (176.4°C - 21.7°C = 154.7°C)

We can solve for mwater by isolating it on one side of the equation:

mwater = (mlead * clead * ΔTlead) / (cwater * ΔTwater)

mwater = (200.0 g * 0.129 J/g°C * 154.7°C) / (4.184 J/g°C * 35.7°C)

mwater = 7.98 g

So the mass of water in the calorimeter is 7.98 g.

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Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The amount of kinetic energy an object has is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity.

Without any specific information about the mass of the object or its velocity at each position, it's impossible to determine which position has the most kinetic energy. The kinetic energy will depend on the mass and velocity of the object at each position, and without that information it's impossible to compare the kinetic energy of each position.

Makes the eluent more polar is the correct option.this is the purpose which is most used for TLC method.TLC means thin-layer chromatography.

Non-volatile mixtures can be separated using the chromatography technique known as thin-layer chromatography (TLC). A sheet of an inert substrate, such as glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, is used for thin-layer chromatography. This substrate is covered with a thin layer of an adsorbent material, often silica gel, aluminum oxide (alumina), or cellulose. To elute more strongly retained solutes, an increase in eluent strength is necessary. RP-HPLC (raise organic, create more non-polar) (increase organic, make more non-polar). NP-HPLC (increase solvent to make more polar) (increase solvent to make more polar) For many separations, eluent strength gradients (gradual changes) are utilized. When polar compounds are induced to be more attracted to the mobile phase by a moderately polar eluent, the equilibrium shifts and the compound spends more time in the mobile phase, increasing the R f.

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The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is 6.84 × 10⁴ mmHg in atm and torr is :

The atmospheric pressure is given as:

Atmospheric pressure = 6.84 × 10⁴ mmHg

1 atm (atmospheric pressure) =  101325 pascal (Pa).

To convert the mmHg to atm , divide the pressure value by 101325.

Pressure in atm  = 0.67 atm

1 Torr is equals to 133.322 Pa. divide the pressure value by 133.322 to convert it in torr.

Pressure in Torr =513.0 Torr

Thus, pressure in atm is 0.67 atm and the pressure in torr is 513 torr.

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