what is the substrate for a antigen and b antigen synthesis?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The blood group A antigen is synthesized by an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate, while the B antigen is synthesized by a galactosyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

Answer 2

The substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

What are Antigens?

Antigen is any substance which is recognized as foreign particle by the immune system. It is also known as Immunogens. It triggers the Immune system. Antigens can be endogenous, exogenous or autoantigens. Some examples of antigens are pollen, bacteria, viruses, etc.

There are three types of antigens which includes

1. Exogenous antigen - It is foreign to the immune system

2. Endogenous antigen- It is produced by intracellular bacteria and virus which replicates inside the host cell.

3. Autoantigens- It is produced by the host.

Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system triggers its attack. There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body. They are

1. Macrophages

2. Dendritic cells

3. B cells

Thus, the substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

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Related Questions

why should you not lay on the ground during a thunderstorm

Answers

Answer:

Lying flat on the ground makes you more vulnerable to electrocution, not less. Lightning generates potentially deadly electrical currents along the ground in all directions by lying down, you're providing more potential points on your body to hit.

Explanation:

Because certain surfaces are prone to have some way of transporting electricity but there is some that don’t have those capabilities to transport electricity so certain ones are safe and other’s aren’t safe

what is the only effective way to reduce your blood alcohol content

Answers

Answer:

The only way to effectively reduce your BAC is to spend time without drinking. You must allow your body enough time to absorb and dispose of the alcohol.

Explanation:

Which of the following often results from the use of drugs? A. Impaired brain function B. Unsafe driving C. Criminal behavior D. All of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D.

Answers

Drugs are known for changing how our bodies function. This includes our thoughs, memories, visions, and many other things. Unfortunatley, drugs are used for one thing which would be the feeling of being "high."

The answer to your question in D. This is because drugs cause changes in your thought process may cause negative actions to occur.

Select the correct answer.
How do passive communicators often react in a complex or stressful situation?

A.
They express their opinions clearly.

B.
They try to manipulate others.

C.
They keep their opinions unvoiced.

D.
They verbally attack others.

Answers

The correct option to be choosed is option C and that is

OPTION C :

They keep their opinions unvoiced .

what is community health? How it can be achieved.
=

Answers

Answer:

The community you live in is part of who you are. Even if you don’t see your neighbors every day, you recognize that the decisions you make impact those around you. You’re all in it together, and you wouldn’t have it any other way!

Improving your community and helping others is often at the top of your mind. So when the phrase “community health” crossed your radar, you had to know more. What is community health? And how does it affect the lives of those in your area?

Community health is the intersection of healthcare, economics and social interaction. Unfortunately, many people are unaware of the role this type of healthcare plays in their everyday lives. Join us as we explore the impact of community health on your neighborhood—and what you can do to improve it.

What is community health?

Community health is a medical specialty that focuses on the physical and mental well-being of the people in a specific geographic region. This important subsection of public health includes initiatives to help community members maintain and improve their health, prevent the spread of infectious diseases and prepare for natural disasters.

“Working at the community level promotes healthy living, helps prevent chronic diseases and brings the greatest health benefits to the greatest number of people in need,” reports the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).1

Strong community health requires residents to look beyond themselves and take “collective responsibility,” says Caleb Backe, health and wellness expert at Maple Holistics. “It’s not just about the healthcare system, but focuses on the importance of leading a generally healthy lifestyle in order to protect the community as a whole.”

Community health is inextricably tied to individual wellness. “Good community health equates to healthy people, as a community is the ecosystem or environment in which people live,” says Thomas G. Bognanno, president and CEO of Community Health Charities. “It’s difficult to be healthy personally if your community is unhealthy.”Explanation:

Se que no tiene nada que ver con estudios, pero necesito ayuda de algún doctor o algo, me duele al defecar, y me da hinchazón por varias horas y dolores, que pueda ser? Me da vergüenza ir a un doctor ya que soy menor y por este tema

Answers

Answer: Si come mucho pan, podría ser esa razón o podría ser que presiona demasiado y su colon se quemará, por lo que podría probar pepto bismol.

Explanation:

what type of neural circuit is best for producing a prolonged output?

Answers

Answer:

Reverbrating circuits

-neurons stimulate each other in linear sequence but one or more of the later cells restimulates the first cell to start the process all over.

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

What is the body system that consist of muscles that provide motion and maintain posture

Answers

Answer:

Brain

Explanation:

why is high blood pressure known as the silent killer?

Answers

Answer:

High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, to indicate something is going on. Since their are no symptoms you wouldn't know your at risk of serious problems, including death. High blood pressure is a disease in which blood flows through blood vessels (arteries) at a higher than normal pressure. Not knowing can come with many problems like strokes, heart disease, heart failure, etc...

Explanation:

Answer:Untreated hypertension increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. These are the first and third commonest causes of death in the USA. Hypertension can also damage the kidneys and increase the risk of blindness and dementia. That is why hypertension is referred to as a "silent killer."

List two reasons why an individual may want to consider where their food is coming from.... (meats, veggies, fruits, etc.)

Answers

Answer:

Time and Location: Location and the proximity of the time is important in discerning whether the food is hygenic enough to eat. For example, you may not want food that was bred and shipped from Chernobyl following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

On a more positive side, if you are looking towards food that may be organic, you may want to double check to see if whether or not the product is true to what it advertises for. This means checking the farm or organization (or where the food is coming from).

~

Answer:

Do you know where your food comes from? If you can pinpoint where your food was grown and produced, you can make more informed decisions to maximize quality, freshness, and nutritional value. You can also help support local economies through your purchases.

Explanation:

What is the MOST important benefit of lifting heavy objects by bending and straightening your legs?
A. It builds strong leg muscles.
B. It requires great coordination.
C. It takes the pressure off your back.
D. It does not require any upper body strength.

Answers

Answer:

C. It takes the pressure off your back.

Explanation:

Answer:

C. It takes the pressure off your back.

Explanation:

births that take place prior to ________ weeks of gestation are considered to be preterm births.

Answers

births before 39 weeks.

Which technology would be best in locating soft tissue injuries?

Answers

Answer:

A MRI is a useful tool for diagnosing soft tissue injuries. It shows clarity of the injury unlike regular x-rays.

Explanation:

Fill out the chart each time you eat. After a few days, look for patterns in your food choices, and share what you have learned. What do you predict might influence people to make certain food choices? What are at least two internal influences and two external influences on your food choices? Explain how you can use this information to make healthful food choices.

Answers

Answer:

I predict that more people will start to eat a healthy breakfast every morning and be more active through out the day .

cleanliness , and texture can be internal influences , Eggshells , Outer shell membrane .

I can use this information by knowing when and what i am eating to stay healthy.

Explanation:

which disease-causing microorganism is responsible for the largest number of cases of foodborne illness in the united states?

Answers

Answer:

Norovirus is a leading cause of disease from contaminated foods in the United States. Foods that are most commonly involved in foodborne norovirus outbreaks include leafy greens (such as lettuce), fresh fruits, and shellfish (such as oysters).

Explanation:

Which consequence of drug abuse most directly affects the community?
fines
criminal record
loss of driver's license
o incarceration

Answers

Answer: incarceration

Explanation: Mark me brainly please

Answer:

Fines

Explanation:

Your community wont like to lose money

Muscles that are not under your conscious control. Responsible for activities such as breathing, blinking, and your heart beating.

Question 6 options:

voluntary muscles


skeletal muscles


involuntary muscles


relaxed muscles

Answers

Answer:

The involuntary muscles are muscles that are not under your conscious control. These muscles are for activities such as breathing, blinking, and your heart beating.

I hope this helped at all.

the wall of the eye has three layers. the outermost fibrous layer is made up of the opaque white sclera and the transparent __________.

Answers

Answer:

palpebrae

Explanation:

have a wonderful day!! :)

If you can't see your nose do your eye's pretend it is not there ?

Answers

Answer:

Our brain ignoring our own nose is a part of binocular vision, and peripheral vision may also play a role in why our brain is able to ignore the sight of your nose all day.

What health behaviors or skills do you think most people are more likely to develop a

plan for? Name at least two and explain your selections.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The 3 healthy behaviors assessed were self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption, self-reported physical activity, and having a BMI of less than 25 kg/m2, which was calculated by using self-reported weight and height at the time of survey.21-Feb-2019

Two health behaviors or skills that many people are likely to develop a plan for are exercise and diet.

What a diet and exercise plan?

Exercise is an important aspect of maintaining good health, as it can help to improve cardiovascular fitness, strengthen muscles and bones, reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, and improve mental health and quality of life. Therefore, it is not surprising that many people make a conscious effort to incorporate regular physical activity into their daily routines, whether through structured exercise programs, sports, or other forms of physical activity. This might involve setting specific goals, such as running a certain distance or lifting a certain amount of weight, and creating a plan to achieve those goals, such as joining a gym or fitness class, or scheduling regular workouts with a personal trainer or workout partner.

Similarly, diet is an important factor in maintaining good health, as it can impact a person's energy levels, weight, and overall well-being. Many people therefore make a conscious effort to plan their meals and snacks in order to ensure that they are consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This might involve creating a meal plan, shopping for healthy ingredients, and cooking meals at home, or seeking out healthy options when dining out. It might also involve making lifestyle changes, such as cutting back on processed or high-fat foods, or increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and other nutrient-rich foods.

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Sensory adaption.

What's a personal experience you've had with this?
Easy pts.! Feel free to make it up if you want :)
It's for my Psychology class and I dk wt to write lol
I will give Brainliest too

Answers

Answer:

When I first apply my cologne, I can smell it a lot. But, after a while I am unable to notice the scent because the receptors in my nose become desensitized to the molecules. My nose got used to the aroma.

Explanation:

I hope this helps, Happy Thanksgiving.

Within about three hours after death, what happens to the eyes?

They bulge from the face

They recede into the orbital bone

They begin leaking fluid

A thin cloudy film develops

Its accutaly for my Forensics class

Answers

Answer:

D) A thin cloudy film

Explanation:

This will appear approximately 2 hours after death.

Hope this helps,

Kavitha

A thin Cloudy film develops

Examples of mass communication include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Answers

Answer:

Mass communication is practiced multiple mediums, such as radio, television, social networking, billboards, newspapers, magazines, books, film, and the Internet.

describe the sequence of injuries that may occur if the extended, weight-bearing knee receives a very strong blow to the lateral side of the knee?

Answers

Answer:

A strong blow to the lateral side of the extended knee will cause the medial side of the knee joint to open, resulting in a sequence of three injuries. First will be damage to the tibial collateral ligament. Since the medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament, the meniscus is also injured. The third structure injured would be the anterior cruciate ligament.

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

A patient with diabetes rides a bicycle to and from work every day. which site should the nurse teach the patient to use to administer the morning insulin?

Answers

Answer:

Abdomen

Explanation:

Patients should be taught to not administer insulin into a site that will be exercised because exercise will increase the rate of absorption. The thigh, buttock, and arm are all being worked while riding a bike.

is sweet tea and coke mixed together good for you or are hey better seperate

Answers

Answer:

what

Explanation:

(03.03 MC)You just saw a commercial in which your favorite video game character climbs to the top of a mountain, fights a monster, and then picks up a candy bar. The character, in between bites, says, "Feel as strong as a hero with every bite!" What technique has the advertising company used to persuade you to buy the candy bar? Scientific evidence Bandwagon Glittering generalities Testimonials

Answers

Answer:

Glittering generalities.

Explanation:

I hope this helps!

how soon after conception does implantation bleeding occur

Answers

Answer: around 10 to 14 day light bleeding or spotting could happen after conception

what is the difference between tendons and ligaments

Answers

Tendon is link muscle to bones ,But ligament is make two joints dont move thier places.

what are the two primary goals for muscle fitness?

Answers

Answer:

safety and effectiveness.

i hope this helps.

Explanation:

safety and efficiency
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