What is often a problem when calibrating a molecular clock?
A. There are frequently not enough negative mutations to accurately calibrate the clocks.
B. There are many different clocks, each of which "ticks" at a different rate.
C. The clocks use mutations that are difficult to identify and track.
D. The frequency of crossing over is used to calibrate the clocks.​

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

cevabın C olduğunu düşünüyorum


Related Questions

Genetics is the study of
A: Cell Division
B: Heredity
C: Body systems
D: Sexual Reproduction

Answers

Answer:

B. Heredity

Explanation:

Answer= B (heredity).

I hope this helps.

as a result of fertilization_____is formed​

Answers

Answer:

zygote

Explanation:

Fertilization is the process in which haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell called a zygote. To ensure that each zygote has the correct number of chromosomes, only one sperm can fuse with one egg.

What is the the process responsible for the synthesis of proteins and mention the cellular structure where the genetic program responsible for this synthesis is located.

Answers

Answer: Translation

Explanation:

During the transcription the double stranded DNA act as a separate template  strand to produce mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule encode for amino acid chain that collectively forms the protein. The ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis the mRNA get attached to the ribosome. Within the ribosome the rRNA molecule instruct the catalytic steps for the synthesis of protein. The amino acid sequence or chain gets stitched together to form the protein.

Two plants were being tested for growth. Both were given water and proper soil, etc. However, one was placed in the closet, and one was placed in the window sill. Why did the one in the closet die?

Question 4 options:

It did not have chloroplasts.


It was not around other plants.


It did not receive sunlight.


It was not around people enough.

Answers

Answer:

It did not receive sunlight.

Explanation:

Plants need sunlight to survive along with water and nutrients from the soil.

A large group of seals from Prince Harold Coast Antarctica has emigrated to Oates Coast Antarctica How will this impact the remaining seal population Prince Hard Coast
A The Prince Harold population will decrease
B. The Prince Harold population will increase
C The Prince Harold population will be reduced to zero
DThis will have no impact on the Prince Harold population

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Because now it’s a larger group

B because it will increase

What differentiates Hela cells from other human cells?

Answers

Answer:

a normal cell contains 46 chromosomes whereas HeLa cells contain 76 to 80 (ref) total chromosomes, some of which are heavily mutated (22-25), per cell.

Explanation:

The main difference between Hela cells from other human cells is that a normal cell contains 46 chromosomes whereas HeLa cells contain 76 to 80 (ref) total chromosomes, some of which are heavily mutated (22-25), per cell.

What happens when the involvement of hela takes place?

The involvement of hela made to the developing field of genetics is a lot was educated about cell reproduction, DNA and mapping genetics. The hela cells prepared them ideal for use in the polio vaccine trials because they were more liable than other cultured cells.

Cancer cells such as Hela cells escape to normal cell cycle by mutations that lead to the misexpression and/or overexpression of regulatory molecules (e.g., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and faulty checkpoint control of the cell cycle.

The control of the cell cycle depends on 1-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that regulate the cell cycle by a cascade of protein phosphorylations and 2- a group of checkpoint controls that monitor the completion of critical cellular events.

Therefore, The main difference between Hela cells from other human cells is that a normal cell contains 46 chromosomes whereas HeLa cells contain 76 to 80 (ref) total chromosomes, some of which are heavily mutated (22-25), per cell.

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What is the outer layer of the brain often called?
neurons
axons
grey matter
white matter

Answers

Answer:

DURA MATTER

Explanation:

Answer:

grey matter

Explanation:

When do populations increase?

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

i have seen this before and i got it correct i dont know if it works with you?

hey there!
the correct answer would be C when birth rights are higher then death rights.
this is correct because when there are more people being born and less dying there are more overall people.
hope this helped!

During the day when the sun is shining the ground gets warm mainly as a result of

Answers

Answer:

The ground becomes warm by the effect of sunlight.

Explanation:

This is because the sun radiates huge amount of heat from its surface. This heat reaches the earth in the form of light energy. This heat is absorbed by the earth's surface and makes it warm.

The golden-cheeked warbler and the black-throated green warbler look nearly identical to each other. What type of information could be used to determine if the birds are separate species? Select all that apply. The birds breed with each other where their territories overlap. The birds breed with each other where their territories overlap. The birds show differences in mating songs and behaviors. The birds show differences in mating songs and behaviors. The birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap. The birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap. The birds compete for food and nesting sites. The birds compete for food and nesting sites.

Answers

Answer:

The birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap.

Explanation:

The correct answer would be that the birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap.

A species consists of organisms that are phenotypically similar and are capable of mating to produce fertile progeny.

Hence, the first thing to establish that two organisms are not of the same species is the inability to breed with each other. If an eventuality occurs and they are able to breed, the resulting progeny would be invalid.

Therefore the fact that the golden-cheeked warbler and the black-throated green warbler do not breed with each other where their territories overlap is enough information to determine that the birds are separate species.

Which of the following are examples of a physical property of matter?
Iron (Fe) combines with Oxygen (O) to form rust.
the apple is red in color.
Copper (Cu) conducts electricity.
An apple oxidizes (turns brown) once it is cut and exposed to Oxygen (O).
Nickel (Ni) is magnetic.
Magnesium (Mg) combusts when exposed to Oxygen (O).
Water boils at 100ºC.

Answers

Answer:

the apple is red

copper conducts electricity

nickel is magnetic

water boils at 100

Explanation: the rest are chemical properties

why do all the planets in the solar system orbit the sun in the same direction ?

Answers

Answer:

The result of the initial rotation of the cloud of gas and dust that condensed to form the Sun and planets. As gravity condensed the clouds, of angular momentum increased the rotational speed and flattened the cloud out into a disk.

The effect of disorder of checkpoints proteins and cell cycle regulation
I need help!!!!!!???

Answers

Answer:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Identify important checkpoints in cell division

Explain how errors in cell division are related to cancer

The length of the cell cycle is highly variable, even within the cells of a single organism. In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. There is also variation in the time that a cell spends in each phase of the cell cycle. When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. In rapidly dividing human cells with a 24-hour cell cycle, the G1 phase lasts approximately nine hours, the S phase lasts 10 hours, the G2 phase lasts about four and one-half hours, and the M phase lasts approximately one-half hour. In early embryos of fruit flies, the cell cycle is completed in about eight minutes. The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell.

Explanation:

Regulation of the Cell Cycle by External Events

Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. An event may be as simple as the death of a nearby cell or as sweeping as the release of growth-promoting hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH). A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell division. Another factor that can initiate cell division is the size of the cell; as a cell grows, it becomes inefficient due to its decreasing surface-to-volume ratio. The solution to this problem is to divide.

Whatever the source of the message, the cell receives the signal, and a series of events within the cell allows it to proceed into interphase. Moving forward from this initiation point, every parameter required during each cell cycle phase must be met or the cycle cannot progress.

Regulation at Internal Checkpoints

It is essential that the daughter cells produced be exact duplicates of the parent cell. Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from an abnormal cell. To prevent a compromised cell from continuing to divide, there are internal control mechanisms that operate at three main cell cycle checkpoints. A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. These checkpoints occur near the end of G1, at the G2/M transition, and during metaphase

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Spend one minute writing an explanation of
the FUNCTION of enzymes. YOU MUST USE
THE WORDS CATALYST, ACTIVATION
ENERGY, RECYCLABLE

Answers

Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. This is illustrated in Figure below. The biochemical reaction shown in the figure requires about three times as much activation energy without the enzyme as it does with the enzyme.

The reaction represented by this graph is a combustion reaction involving the reactants glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). The products of the reaction are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Energy is also released during the reaction. The enzyme speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start. Compare the activation energy with and without the enzyme

Answer:

Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions in the human body. They bind to molecules and alter them in specific ways. They are essential for respiration, digesting food, muscle and nerve function, among thousands of other roles.

What is the function of an enzyme? They allow chemical reactions to occur at normal body temperature fast enough to sustain life. They reduce the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

There are four steps in the process of an enzyme working. (1) An enzyme and a SUBSTRATE are in the same area. The substrate is the biological molecule that the enzyme will work on. (2) The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the ACTIVE SITE.

There are four steps in the process of an enzyme working. (1) An enzyme and a SUBSTRATE are in the same area. The substrate is the biological molecule that the enzyme will work on. (2) The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the ACTIVE SITE.

Enzymes create chemical reactions in the body. They actually speed up the rate of a chemical reaction to help support life. The enzymes in your body help to perform very important tasks. These include building muscle, destroying toxins, and breaking down food particles during digestion.

Describe how new hair fibers are formed

Answers

Answer:

Taking nutrients from the dermal papilla, the hair bulb generates new hair cells. As these cells move up through the hair root, they mature through a process called keratinization, fill with fibrous protein and lose their nucleus.

Explanation:

I found this on the internet and don't know if it is correct but if it is can I get a brainliest please?

1 point
Which explanation best identifies the relationship between mitosis and
reproduction? *
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells form from one
single parent cell.
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
different from the parent cell.
Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells form a new
nuclear membrane after reproduction.
Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
identical to the parent cell.

Answers

muscle of the prada’s

How does the oyster population
In the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem affect the floating to sea floor ratio of algae
populations

Answers

Answer:

Analysis of the data shows that the ratio of floating algae to sea floor algae dramatically increased at the same time that oysters were removed from the Bay. ... (It is also possible to infer from the graph that high floating algae levels led to the decline in oysters.

Answer: Analysis of the data shows that the ratio of floating algae to sea floor algae dramatically increased at the same time that oysters were removed from the Bay. ... (It is also possible to infer from the graph that high floating algae levels led to the decline in oysters.

What events occur when the tectonic plates move and grind against each other?

Answers

Answer:

Earthquakes

Explanation:

Since the Tectonic Plates slide across each other it cause some to go above and some below which might eventually cause an earthquake.

Hope this Helps!!

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Do spring tides have the lowest tides

Answers

Answer:

No

Explanation:

King tides are the highest tides. ... In the lunar month, the highest tides occur roughly every 14 days, at the new and full moons, when the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun are in alignment. These highest tides in the lunar cycle are called spring tides.

explain exocrine system?? ​

Answers

Answer:

Exocrine: Pertaining to the secretion of a substance out through a duct. The exocrine glands include the salivary glands, sweat glands and glands within the gastrointestinal tract. Exocrine is as opposed to endocrine which refers to the secretion of a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream.

mportant vocabulary continued:what is the difference between a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism?

Answers

Answer:

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function. ... Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions.

Explanation:

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Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function. ... Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions.

A scientist compares two samples of white powder. One powder was present at the beginning of an experiment. The other powder was present at the end. She wants to determine whether a chemical reaction has occurred. She finds that neither sample bubbles or dissolves in water. She measures the mass and volume of the solids. Sample one has a volume of 45 cm3 and a mass of 0.5 g. Sample two has a volume of 65 cm3 and a mass of 1.3 g. What should the scientist conclude?

A.
The samples have the same color, so no chemical reaction has occurred.
B.
The two samples do not react with water, so no chemical reaction has occurred.
C.
The densities of the samples are different, so a chemical reaction has occurred.
D.
The densities of the samples are the same, so no chemical reaction has occurred.
E.
The densities of the samples are different, so no chemical reaction has occurred.

Answers

Answer:

I think it is C because there densities are different.

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which will most likely occur as homeostasis is maintained in the cell?

A.
The cell will gain ATP molecules.

B.
The cell will gain water.

C.
The cell will lose water.

D.
The cell will lose sodium ions.

Answers

Answer:

B the cell will lose water

Explanation:

Because of the hypertonic solution water will move on the concentration gradient leaving the cell and entering the solution. Thus the cell looses water.

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it will most likely lose water (Option C) as homeostasis is maintained in the cell.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism or a system to maintain a relatively stable internal environment, despite changes in external conditions. It is a key aspect of biology that helps living organisms survive in their environment. Homeostasis is maintained through a series of physiological processes that regulate different aspects of an organism's biology, such as temperature, fluid balance, and pH

A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher concentration of solutes (e.g. salts) outside the cell compared to inside the cell. This creates an osmotic pressure gradient, which draws water out of the cell and into the solution in an attempt to balance the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane. As a result, the cell will shrink and lose water.

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How are viruses, bacteria, and parasites alike?
A. They are non-living and can cause disease.
O
B. They are multi-cellular and can cause disease.
O C. They can infect a host and cause disease.
O
D. They are unicellular and can cause disease.

Answers

C they can infect a host and cause disease
Edge 2020

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

A - the structure of nitrogen bases

B- the color of nitrogen bases

C- The sequence (order) of nitrogen bases

D- the frequency of nitrogen bases

Answers

Answer:

C- The sequence (order) of nitrogen bases

Explanation:

In general, food molecules are ___________ by the digestive tract of organisms so they can be _______________.
Select one:

broken down; absorbed into the bloodstream

broken down; released as heat

combined; absorbed into the bloodstream

converted to energy; used to power the muscles

Answers

Answer:

converted to energy ; used to power the muscles

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How does the Department of Environmental Protection try to prevent water breaks from happening? Answer

Answers

Answer:

water mains break. And when they do, they disrupt the lives of those serviced by them. Breaks can close down roads, cause damage to property and generally wreak havoc on the area around it. So why does it happen? This simple guide can help explain it to your customers.

Explanation:

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if a microscope has a eyepiece lens with a power of 25X and an objective lens with a power of 50X, what is the microscope's total magnification power?

Answers

Answer:

1250

Explanation:

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Which component of weather describes the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth?

A) Air pressure
B) Air temperature
C) Precipitation
D) Wind direction

Answers

Answer:

A - Air Pressure

Answer:

Answer is A

Explanation:

Air pressure is the pressure of the atmosphere on the earth.

Our biggest loser went from 403lbs to 288lbs. He lost a total of 215lbs. Explain what happened to the 215lbs. Be sure to discuss what he did, the process(es) that took place, the type of matter he lost, and the type of matter he lost it as.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Weight on a human body is mainly stored as muscle or fat. When we exercise we don't necessarily lose fat. Instead, the fat cells tend to shrink in size but remain the same amount. Fat is converted into energy which the body uses to function. This energy is expelled from the body in many different forms such as carbon dioxide and sweating. Therefore those are the matter that the individual in question lost when losing the 215lbs

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