What is known as the "incumbency effect?"

a)the advantages a candidate who is running for re-election has over the

candidate trying to unseat him or her

b) the responsibilities a candidate running for office has to his or her own party

Cthe advantages a candidate who is a "fresh face" has over someone with

strong name-recognition

d)The amount of money a candidate raises from business and union sources, as

opposed to money donated by individuals

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) the advantages a candidate who is running for re-election has over the candidate trying to unseat him or her

Explanation:

Incumbency effect can be defined as the advantages a candidate who is running for re-election has over the candidate trying to unseat him or her in a democratic election process.

Basically, it refers to the tendency (phenomenon) for public officials such as senators or house of representative members who are already holding power (office) to get re-elected over an opposition. This ultimately implies that, a candidate contesting with an incumbent candidate is automatically placed at a disadvantage to emerge as the winner election due to the power of incumbency (incumbency effect).

Additionally, the incumbency effect is peculiar to democratic elections and most favorable or stronger for the house of representative members.


Related Questions

Why did the Europeans so eager to come and stay to the Philippine islands? What made the Philippines so attractive to the Western people that they even colonized our country for centuries? Discuss you answer.

Answers

Answer:

The United States indirectly colonized Philippines through Spain because of its nearness to the Pacific Ocean as this was pivotal to trade and would make them imperial powerhouses.

Another reason was for the natural resources in the Philippines which was exploited by them. The Philippines had fertile land and water bodies which were attractive to the colonists.

What course of action did the Iroquois Confederacy take in the conflict between the British and the French?

Answers

Answer:

They sided with the British

Explanation:

The conflict between the French and British was centered around who to control the Ohio Country. Given that Iroquois Confederacy had initially won the region by conquest, they claimed the ownership of the land.

Consequently, the British also claimed that Iroquois confederacy was under them, thus, Iroquois land belongs to them. Similarly, the French laid claim to the ownership of the land. This resulted in conflicts and eventually led to a war, which was known as the French - Indian war between 1754 - 1763. Hence during the war, considering the situation surrounding the land, the Iroquois sided with the British to fought the French.

Answer:

They remained neutral

Explanation:

McGraw Hill 2021

Why do you think slavery mainly existed in the Southern Colonies and not in the New England Colonies? Think about how geography affected their labor system.

Answers

Slavery mainly existed in the Southern colonies but not in the New England colonies because the South relied on slave labor to tend to plantations, as this was their main source of income.

The South had a hotter climate, which was perfect for growing crops. This also meant the soil was better as well. The Northern colonies had colder weather and their soil was not very suitable for constant farming.

This meant that the South relied on agriculture for their income, they would grow and sell cash crops such as cotton and tobacco overseas. They had little industries and were mainly rural. The North had industries and that was their main source of income.

what political and military factors led president truman to order atomic bombing of japan

Answers

Answer:

cause he's a fking idiot

Why was it important for the Americans to get support from European
countries during the Revolution

Answers

Answer:

because they needed help and they werent strong enough all by themselves and so they needed allies.

Explanation:

hope this helps!


Why was the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education
a major victory for the civil rights movement?
A. It ensured that African American students would receive a quality education in
schools with the same quality as those provided for white students.
B. It rejected the doctrine of "separate but equal" and declared that public schools could
not be segregated on the basis of race.
C. It ordered local governments to bus children to schools outside their neighborhoods
to achieve greater racial integration.
D.It upheld the doctrine established by the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v.
Ferguson that permitted laws segregating African Americans .

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Because it was the greatest impact and it talked about the segregation about that time.

B. It was also important in leading up to civil rights act of 1965. Even with the ruling integrating schools was very difficult and received a lot of pushback (see LittleRock Nine) but results were very positive (see Rucker Johnson study on school integration)

please help !!!!! :(

Answers

Answer:

1. volunteer work 2. work  3. work permit  4. want  5. net wage  6.life style budget. 7. workforce

Explanation: have a good day ;]

What does God promise Abraham?

Answers

Answer:

God promised to make Abraham the father of a great people and said that Abraham and his descendants must obey God. In return God would guide them and protect them and give them the land of Israel.

Answer:

God promised that the promise to Abraham will be fulfilled in a certain way

Explanation:

God promised that the promise to Abraham will be fulfilled in a certain way. When Abraham tried to "help" God to fulfill His promise in another way, all kinds of problems evolved. The descendants of Ishmael, who was born of Hagar, was to be a source of conflict for Israel.

HOPE THIS HELPS :)PLEASE GIVE ME briliant if im right :)

Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most famous figures in World History. His figure has been used many times in television shows and movies. Why do you feel that movies and television shows often use Napoleon as a figure? What impact does he have on history?

Answers

Answer:

they often used him bc he was important in our history because he expanded our empire and successfully waged war against european nations

Explanation:

All of the following have contribute to Europe's pollution Problem by being released into the water supply except ________.
A. minerals
B. Fertilizers
C. pesticides
D. Carbon dioxide

Answers

Answer:

D. Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

Can be Released: Minerals, Fertilizer and Pesticides

Minerals help the water supply carry nutrients to the animals or people that drink the water however sometimes adding minerals to water can cause it to ferment or begin to stink. Pesticides and Fertilizer has chemicals within its contents that harm the human or Animals systems because more than half the time the chemicals within the Pesticides and Fertilizer kill bacteria that in your body are necessary for your body to function.

Carbon Dioxide is in the very breath you expel and to be quite frank I don't think you can add Carbon Dioxide into the water anyways. Plus its a gas not a solid or liquid so it can't be added to the water because its a liquid.

Hope it Helps!

Answer:

d

Explanation:

Match the country with the appropriate event.

1. Germany
invaded Ethiopia
2. Italy
suffered continuous bombings
3. Great Britain
staffed camps with SS

Answers

1. Germany Suffered Continuous bombings
2. Italy invaded Ethiopia
3. Great Britain staffed camps with SS

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Great Britain suffered continuous bombings

Germany staffed camps with SS

Italy invaded Ethiopia

Explanation:

Please consider the Louisiana Purchase and respond to the following in no more than 1 page:
1. In retrospect, was this a good deal? What were the advantages (or disadvantages) to the purchase?
2.Do you think $15 million was a fair price? How would you evaluate this?
3. Why would selling the land help France prepare for war?

Answers

Answer:this was a great deal due to the cheapness of the land and the expansion of the U.S making it a bigger nation with $15 million being a great deal. It helped France by supporting their country with financial relief.

Explanation:

Why were the provinces of Texas and Coahuila merged into a single state by the
Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824?
O A large number of settlers in Coahuila owned land in Texas
O Neither province had enough people to become a separate state in the Mexican Federation
O Both provinces felt threatened by a possible invasion from the United States.
O Mexican leaders wanted to prevent Texas from achieving its I dependence

Answers

Answer:

According to the Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824, why were the areas of Texas and Coahuila merged into one state? Neither province had enough people to become a separate state in Mexico.

Explanation:

Neither province had enough people become a separate state in the Mexican federation

The abbreviation for cup is

Answers

it’s c shhshshshhshvshshsjsjks

The abbreviation for the cup is C or c. There are in total 17 types of cups. A cup comes with a handle and a saucer. A cup may be used for holding liquid substances or sometimes in the form of trophy.

What is a cup?

A cup is an open-top used to hold hot or cold liquids for pouring or drinking. It is mainly used for drinking but it can also be used to store solids for pouring like sugar or salt.  

Cups may be made of glass, metal, china, clay, wood, stone, polystyrene, plastic, aluminium or other materials, and are usually fixed with a stem, handles, or other adornments. Cups are used for quenching thirst across a wide range of cultures and social classes and different styles of cups may be used for different liquids or in different situations.

Monarchs, from the earlier period, have been concerned about assassination via poisoning. To avoid this fate, they often used dedicated cups, with cup-bearers to guard them. A divining cup was supposed to be able to detect poison. In the Bible, Joseph interpreted a dream for Pharaoh's cupbearer. A silver divining cup played a key role in his reconciliation with his brothers.

Cups of different styles may be used for different types of liquids or other foodstuffs like teacups and measuring cups

Further in different situations like ceremonies and rituals or decorations.

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help me due today !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Letters aren't in the right position. Fix it first so people can solve it

Explanation:

Which statements are true about the Homestead Strike?

Choose all answers that are correct.

Answers

Answer:

Carnegie owned the homestead steel mill, the workers went on strike because their salaries were cut,Several workers and detectives were killed during the strike.

Explanation:

Hope this helps u

Crown me as brainliest:)

Answer:

Carnegie owned the homestead steel mill, the workers went on strike because their salaries were cut,Several workers and detectives were killed during the strike.

Explanation:

Hope this helps u

Crown me as brainliest:)

Explanation:

Carnegie owned the homestead steel mill, the workers went on strike because their salaries were cut,Several workers and detectives were killed during the strike.

Explanation:

Hope this helps u

Crown me as brainliest:)

Is it important/relevant to people living at the time?

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

You did not include any references, context, or any specific situation or statements. At what time you are referring to? Today? The past? Any specific time in history?

We are going to assume that you are referring to living in the present time. If that is the case, then our comment would be the following.

It is important for people to live in the present time because it is the "now moment," the only one that they have.

It is so difficult living in the past because people suffer so much for the things that happened or the things that never happened. But that is out of your control. It is painful, indeed.

Trying to living in the future just generates anxiety because you are worried about what is about to come or what you expect, and it may never come. Or not in the way you are thinking.

That is why the best option is to focus on the now moment, the present. It is the only time you can control. So invest you now time in the best way possible.

When a thing is of importance to people, then it means that they need it to survive or to function properly otherwise they would function at a sub par level.

Some examples of things which are important to a particular culture or civilization includes:

Language DressingCulture, etc.

On the other hand, in a more general term, some things that are important to any functional human being are:

FoodShelterClothing, etc

Please note that your question is incomplete so i gave you a general overview to help you understand the concept

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Which of the following choices did not contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution?

A.support for laissez-faire economics

B.inventions such as the battery and carbon filament

C.increased taxes and tariffs

D.the Transcontinental Railroad

Answers

B inventions such as the battery and carbon filament

Answer:

C.increased taxes and tariffs

Explanation:

I don’t understand planes

Answers

Answer:

you got it right

Explanation:

MULTIPLE CHOICE!!!
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
20 POINTS!!!

Why is the population of the Atacama Desert so small?

-too many wild animals
-annual flooding
-barren area with little rainfall
-industrial area only

Answers

Answer:

Barren area with little rainfall

Explanation:

The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is one of the driest places in the world.

Answer:

barren area with little rainfall

Explanation:

if I'm wrong my bad

The second plane crashed over an hour after the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center.

Is this statement true or false?

true

false

Answers

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

On the 11th of September, 2001 was an Islamic terrorist attack on the world trade center of the United States of America and it was planned by Osama bin laden.

The second plane crashed within a few minutes (approximately 15 minutes) after the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center.

I suck at this so plz help me.

Answers

Answer:

i believe the last one is correct because they used team work t build the practice

Explanation:

iroquois confederacy

Answers

Answer:

The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee are a historical indigenous confederacy in northeast North America. They were known during the colonial years to the French as the Iroquois League, later as the Iroquois Confederacy and to the English as the Five Nations, comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and Seneca.

Yes that is the answer below

ASAP HELP PLZ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Which was a consequence of Native American involvement in the Revolutionary War? (4 points) a American protection of Cherokee lands following the war b France and Spain deciding that the U.S. was a worthwhile ally c The assimilation of Mohawk land into Spanish territory d The Native Americans lost their land to the Americans

Answers

Answer: One consequence of Native American involvement in the Revolutionary War was "d. The disintegration of the Iroquois Confederacy" since the war had caused many of the bonds of this alliance to dissolve.

Explanation:


After migrating to Roman lands, many Goths and Angles
A. adopted Roman culture
B. joined the Roman Senate
C. raided Roman settlements
D. rebelled against Roman rule

Please help! Thank you!

Answers

C. raided Roman settlements

Answer:

A adopted Roman culture

Explanation:

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Hurry pls I will give you the brainliest. What advantages did Nubia's location provide? Choose four correct answers.
good weather for farming
location next to the ocean
many natural resources
strong defenses from invaders
access to different trade routes
location on a calm area of the Nile

Answers

The answers are A,C,D,E

Explanation:

Why do some people protest against Christopher Columbus being seen as a hero? please answer

Answers

Answer:

He used slavery and violence to a lot of Native Americans

Explanation:

As a lot of people know, slavery was common in Native American days, and Columbus was no stranger to that. This is the reason why Columbus is sometimes hated.

Some people protest against Christopher Columbus being seen as a hero because he used slavery and violence to a lot of Native Americans.

Who was Christopher Columbus ?

Christopher Columbus was a navigator and explorer from the Republic of Genoa who performed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the patronage of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. His explorations paved the way for later broad European discovery and colonisation of the Americas.

Columbus encountered native people who he referred to as "Indians" during his explorations of the Caribbean islands and the shores of Central and South America. Several of these indigenous people were subjected to slavery by Columbus and his troops, who also brutally and violently treated them.

Columbus's leadership had the added effect of introducing new diseases to the New World, which would later decimate the local inhabitants of numerous New World islands and communities. This was in addition to the issue over slavery and aggressive control.

Therefore, due to slavery Columbus is sometimes hated.

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What Amendment in the Bill of Rights is the most important? Why do you believe this?

Answers

Answer:

To me, the most important Bill of Rights is the First Amendment. This right is so important because it protects our rights to speech, press, petition, religion, and assembly.

Explanation:

how was the athenian democracy different from america democracy today

Answers

It was far more exclusive. Only male citizens could vote, and citizenship was based on wealth as well.

Answer:

Only male citizens could vote.

Explanation:

Although Christianity is the major religion, which country has over 1200 religious groups?

Answers

Spain was the country with most religion group’s APEX
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