The other main reason that radiocarbon (14C based) age is offset from calendar (true) age is because of variations in the concentration of 14C in the atmosphere over time.
Radiocarbon dating is a technique for determining the age of an object by measuring the quantity of the radioactive isotopes of carbon contained within it. It relies on a specific natural decay process of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (14C) into stable carbon isotopes.
Carbon-14 (14C) is a radioactive isotope that is created in the Earth's upper atmosphere when cosmic rays collide with nitrogen atoms. This is followed by the decay of 14C into stable nitrogen, with a half-life of 5,700 years.
As a result, living organisms absorb 14C as they consume carbon-containing food. When an organism dies, it no longer consumes carbon, and the 14C in its tissues starts to decay.
By measuring the ratio of 14C to stable carbon isotopes in the remains, scientists can determine the age of the organism or object.
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after you have tried all the materials, add a few drops of dishwashing liquid to the middle of the oil spill. this is the dispersant. answer the questions below. what happened to the oil? why? what happened to the chemicals (dye)? why? what color is the water? why?
The oil will disperse due to the emulsifying properties of the dishwashing liquid, which breaks the oil down into smaller droplets so it can mix with the water more easily. This reduces the overall surface tension, allowing the oil to spread out more evenly in the water. The chemicals (dye) that were added to the oil will be spread out as well, resulting in a less visible stain. The water will take on the color of the dye, so it will appear as a colored stain on the surface of the water.
The oil disperses because the dishwashing liquid acts as an emulsifier and reduces the surface tension of the oil, allowing it to spread out and mix with the water more easily. The dye is spread out as well, resulting in a less visible stain. The water will take on the color of the dye, giving the water a colored appearance.
Overall, the addition of the dishwashing liquid causes the oil to disperse, the dye to spread out, and the water to take on the color of the dye. This makes the oil less visible, making it easier to clean up.
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Compute the internal energy change and temperature change for the two processes involving
1 mole of an ideal monatomic gas.
(a) 3200 J of heat are added to the gas and the gas does no work and no work is done on the gas
(b) 3200 J of work are done on the gas and the gas does no work and no heat is added or taken
away from the gas
The internal energy change and temperature change for the two processes involving 1 mole of an ideal monatomic gas for (a) ΔU = 3200 J, ΔT = 256.7 K and for (b) ΔU = -3200 J, ΔT = -256.7 K.
The internal energy change and temperature change for the two processes involving 1 mole of an ideal monatomic gas can be computed using the following formula:
ΔU = Q - W
Where ΔU is the internal energy change, Q is the heat added or taken away from the gas, and W is the work done by or on the gas.
For process (a), 3200 J of heat are added to the gas and the gas does no work and no work is done on the gas. Therefore, the internal energy change is:
ΔU = Q - W = 3200 J - 0 = 3200 J
The temperature change can be computed using the following formula:
ΔT = ΔU / (n * Cv)
Where ΔT is the temperature change, ΔU is the internal energy change, n is the number of moles of gas, and Cv is the molar heat capacity at constant volume.
For an ideal monatomic gas, Cv = 3/2 R, where R is the gas constant. Therefore, the temperature change is:
ΔT = 3200 J / (1 mol * 3/2 * 8.314 J/mol*K) = 256.7 K
For process (b), 3200 J of work are done on the gas and the gas does no work and no heat is added or taken away from the gas. Therefore, the internal energy change is:
ΔU = Q - W = 0 - 3200 J = -3200 J
The temperature change can be computed using the same formula as above:
ΔT = -3200 J / (1 mol * 3/2 * 8.314 J/mol*K) = -256.7 K
Therefore, the internal energy change and temperature change for the two processes are:
(a) ΔU = 3200 J, ΔT = 256.7 K
(b) ΔU = -3200 J, ΔT = -256.7 K
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Calculate the mass of sodium azide required to decompose and produce 1.86 moles of nitrogen. Refer to the periodic table to get the atomic weights.
For context, the airbag is 58 liters when fully inflated. The air pressure inside the airbag should be 4.4 psi. This pressure value is in addition to the normal atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi, giving a total absolute pressure of 19.1 psi, which equals 1.30 atmospheres.
(Moles of Nitrogen calculated using Ideal Gas Law)
Answer:Therefore, there are approximately 2.38 moles of nitrogen gas inside the fully inflated airbag
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas inside the fully inflated airbag, we can use the Ideal Gas Law:
PV = nRT
where P is the absolute pressure of the gas (in atmospheres), V is the volume of the gas (in liters), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant (0.08206 L atm/mol K), and T is the temperature of the gas (in Kelvin).
We know that the volume of the airbag is 58 liters and the absolute pressure is 1.30 atmospheres (which includes the atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere). We also know that the temperature inside the airbag is likely to be close to the ambient temperature, which we can assume is around 25°C or 298 K.
So, we can rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for n:
n = PV/RT
n = (1.30 atm * 58 L) / (0.08206 L atm/mol K * 298 K)
n = 2.38 moles
Therefore, there are approximately 2.38 moles of nitrogen gas inside the fully inflated airbag.
The temperature of an ideal gas in a sealed container of volume V is increased from T to 3T. What will happen to the pressure, P of this gas?
a. It increases from P to 2P
b. There is no change
c. It increases from P to 3P.
d. It decreases from P to P/3
The temperature of an ideal gas in a sealed container of volume V is increased from T to 3T. The pressure, P of this gas increases from P to 3P. The correct answer is c.
According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
If the volume and number of moles of gas are kept constant, then the equation can be simplified to P/T = nR/V. This means that the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
If the temperature of the gas is increased from T to 3T, then the pressure will also increase by a factor of 3. Therefore, the pressure will increase from P to 3P.
So the correct answer is c. It increases from P to 3P.
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The particles in…….can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture through a filter.
-suspension
-solution
-colloid
-pure substance
The particles in the solution can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture through a filter (option b).
How particles in the solution can be separated?The particles in the solution can be separated by using different types of methods such as for example a filter that is able to separate particles depending on their size or net charge.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that particles in the solution can be separated depending on their sizes, electrical charges, etc, and for that purpose, we can use a filter of any other type of method.
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what is the common name of the following compound? acetone propanal propanone 1-propyl ketone 2-propyl ketone
The common name of the following compound is Acetone.
Acetone is an organic compound that is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. This compound is the most basic ketone and has a variety of applications, including as a solvent, a laboratory reagent, and a precursor to a number of other compounds.It is produced naturally by the human body in minute quantities as a metabolic intermediate. Acetone is also produced naturally by certain plants as a metabolic byproduct.
Acetone is miscible with water and a number of organic solvents, making it an excellent solvent for a variety of applications. Because of its high solvency power, it is used to remove substances like paint and glue from surfaces like plastics and metals. It is also used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and other polymeric materials.
acetone propanal propanone 1-propyl ketone 2-propyl ketone is a ketone with three carbon atoms. The IUPAC name of this compound is propanone, but its common name is acetone.
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Why is it important to monitor pollutants in watershed?
monitoring pollutants in a watershed is critical for protecting human health, aquatic ecosystems, and the environment.
It provides valuable information for decision-making, compliance with environmental regulations, and early warning of potential environmental problems.
Monitoring pollutants in a watershed is important for several reasons:
Protecting human health: Polluted water can pose serious health risks to humans.
Protecting aquatic ecosystems: Polluted water can harm aquatic plants and animals.
Compliance with environmental regulations: Polluted water can violate environmental regulations and harm the reputation of businesses and organizations.
Early warning of environmental problems: Monitoring pollutants in a watershed can provide early warning of potential environmental problems. This can help officials take preventive measures to protect the environment and public health before serious problems occur.
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What are the intermolecular forces present in theobromine?
The intermolecular forces in theobromine include hydrogen bonding and london dispersion.
Intermolecular bonds: What do they mean?Molecules can form intermolecular connections with one another. There are different kinds of them, and they are also called are van der Waals forces.
What occurs when intermolecular forces are applied?Bulk properties like liquid and solid boiling and melting points are governed by intermolecular forces. When the intermolecular attraction interactions that hold molecules together are strong enough for liquids to boil, vapor bubbles are created inside the liquid as a result of the boiling process.
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CHEMISTRY EXCERCISES
1. (a) Class: carboxylic acid; IUPAC name: propanoic acid. (b) Class: alkyl halide; IUPAC name: chloro-1-propane. (c) Class: alkane; IUPAC name: 1-propanecarbonitrile. (d) Class: ester; IUPAC name: ethyl methanoate.
What is IUPAC name?IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is an international scientific organization responsible for developing and promoting international standards in the fields of chemistry and chemical nomenclature. The IUPAC name of a chemical compound is an unambiguous, systematic method for naming compounds according to their chemical structure and physical properties.
(e) Class: ether; IUPAC name: dimethyl ether. (f) Class: acyl halide; IUPAC name: 1-chloro-2,2-difluoropropane-1-carbonyl chloride.
2. (a) Hexanoic acid: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH. (b) Butanal: CH3CH2CHO. (c) Pent-1-ene: CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3. (d) 1-bromo-2-methylbutane: CH3CH2CH(Br)CH3. (e) Ethyl methanoate: CH3COOCH2CH3. (f) Methoxypropane: CH3OCH2CH3. (g) But-2-yne: CH3C≡CHCH3.
3. Answer: B. CH3CONH2 is an amine because it contains an amine group (NH2).
4. Answer: A. 1-iodopropane is a member of the same homologous series as 1-bromopropane because they both have the same molecular formula (C3H7Br or C3H7I) and the same functional group (halogen).
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calculate the mass fraction of CH3COOH in 3 litres of its 2M solution if the density of the solution is 0.981g/ml
pls i already asked for help with this but im honestly just so lost and my parents dont understand. i really need this done and ive been trying to understand it and figure it out but i cant
Answer: 3 ,2, 6
Explanation:
3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 K3PO4 → Cu3(PO4)2 + 6 KNO3
Which situation would be directly related to the science of ecology?
Responses
studying how the mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream
studying how the mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream
developing strains of corn that can withstand a combination of drought and high winds
uncovering the genetic makeup of the eastern cottontail rabbit
learning about foods that benefit the heart and blood vessels
Answer: A..(studying how the mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream)
Uncovering the genetic makeup of the eastern cottontail rabbit would be directly related to the science of ecology.
Option D is correct.
Ecology is a branch of science.Human science, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere are all parts of ecology, which is a branch of science. The study of organisms, their environment, and how they interact with one another and their environment is known as ecology.
What is ecology's fundamental idea?The relationship between living things, like humans, and their physical environment is known as ecology. It aims to comprehend the crucial connections between animals and plants and the environment in which they live.
Question Incomplete:Which situation would be directly related to the science of ecology?
A. studying how the mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream
B. studying how the mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream
C. developing strains of corn that can withstand a combination of drought and high winds
D. uncovering the genetic makeup of the eastern cottontail rabbit
E. learning about foods that benefit the heart and blood vessels
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The density of air at ordinary atmospheric pressure and 25 ∘C is 1.19 g/L . What is the mass of the air in a room that measures 11.5×17.5×9.0ft ?
The mass of the air in the room is approximately 5.65 kg.
To solve the problem, we need to convert the dimensions of the room from feet to liters, then use the density of air to calculate the mass of the air in the room.
First, let's convert the dimensions of the room from feet to liters:
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 m^3 = 1000 L
So, the volume of the room in liters is:
V = (11.5 ft) × (17.5 ft) × (9.0 ft) × (0.3048 m/ft)^3 × (1000 L/m^3)
= 4740 L
Now, we can use the density of air to calculate the mass of the air in the room:
mass = density × volume
= 1.19 g/L × 4740 L
= 5646.6 g
≈ 5.65 kg
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HELPPPP mg + 2 hcl ➞ mgcl2 + h2 how many grams of mgcl2 are produced by 2.55 mol mg ?? PLEASE SET UP THE EQUATION CORRECTLY! THANKS
Answer: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2
The molar ratio between MgCl2 and Mg is 1:1, which means that for every 1 mole of Mg that reacts, 1 mole of MgCl2 is produced. Therefore, the number of moles of MgCl2 produced can be calculated by simply using the same number of moles of Mg that reacts.
Given that 2.55 mol of Mg is reacting, the number of moles of MgCl2 produced can be calculated as:
2.55 mol Mg × (1 mol MgCl2/1 mol Mg) = 2.55 mol MgCl2
Now, to convert moles of MgCl2 to grams, we need to multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of MgCl2, which is 95.21 g/mol.
2.55 mol MgCl2 × 95.21 g/mol = 242.89 g MgCl2
Therefore, 2.55 mol of Mg will produce 242.89 g of MgCl2.
Explanation:
Antifreeze containing ethylene glycol is also needed in automobiles in extremely hot climates. Using what you know about other colligative properties, explain why this is so
What are the two things that is difficult using a 4 beam balance
A four-beam balance is a laboratory instrument used to measure the mass of an object.
Although this kind of balancing is relatively easy to use and accurate, there are a few difficulties with it:
The scale's precise value can be challenging to read. A four-beam balance's beams might be challenging to read precisely, mainly if the value is in the middle of two markings. Especially for small or light things, this can make it challenging to take precise measurements.
Manual adjustment is needed. The user must manually reposition the beams until they balance in order to use a four-beam balance. This process can take a while, especially when dealing with things whose weight or shape is asymmetrical. To maintain accurate readings, the balance might also need to be adjusted on a regular basis.
Overall, a four-beam balance has limitations that can make it challenging to use in some circumstances, even if it can be a valuable tool for determining the mass of things in a laboratory.
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A 4 beam balance is a type of weighing scale that typically consists of four beams: two counterbalancing beams, a center beam, and a rider.
The center beam and the rider are used to indicate the weight of the object being weighed. While a 4 beam balance is a relatively simple instrument, there are a few things that can make using it difficult:
Reading the scale: One of the most challenging aspects of using a 4 beam balance is reading the scale accurately. The rider must be moved along the center beam until it balances with the object being weighed. This process can be tricky, as the rider can be very sensitive to even the slightest movements.
Calibration: Another potential difficulty with using a 4 beam balance is calibration. Over time, the scale may become unbalanced or the beams may become bent, which can cause inaccurate readings.
Calibrating the scale can be a time-consuming and delicate process, requiring a steady hand and a good eye for detail. If the scale is not calibrated properly, it may not provide accurate measurements, which can be a problem if precise weights are needed.
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what happens during an exothermic reaction
Answer:
During an exothermic reaction, energy is released from the reacting system into the surrounding environment in the form of heat, light, or sound. This means that the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants, and the overall change in enthalpy (∆H) of the system is negative.
Examples of exothermic reactions include combustion (burning of fuel), oxidation reactions, neutralization reactions, and many types of chemical reactions. In each case, the reaction releases heat or light as a result of the formation of new chemical bonds, which releases energy.
Exothermic reactions are important in many fields, including chemistry, physics, and engineering. They are used in everyday applications such as the burning of fuel in car engines, the production of heat and light from a match or a firework, and the generation of electricity from nuclear reactions.
Explanation:
What is the mass of 3.01x 1022 molecules of phosphorus, P4 ? {R.AM for phosphorus is 31} *
A container of gas has a pressure of 745 mm Hg and room temperature is 18 C. How does the temperature of the system change when the pressure is changed to 1 atm?
What increases when a wave period decreases.
depth
distance
energy
speed
time
volume
Which particle represents the size of the
sulfide ion compared to the sulfur atom?
S²-
ion
S
atom
S²-
ion
A B
S²-
ion
B C
Moreover, the S²⁻ion is bigger than a neutral S atom in size. Because there are more electrons in the S²⁻ionion than protons, there is less nuclear attraction on the valence electrons.
Who is the father of all atoms?At times, John Dalton was referred to as the originator of contemporary atomic theory. He postulated that all atoms of a certain element had the same size and mass in 1803. According to John Dalton, elements are made up of smaller atoms. The atomic theory of matter resulted from this.
Where do atoms exist?Everything, that's correct. Matter includes all liquids, solids, sand, plants, animals, and clouds. The building components of matter are called atoms. Every matter is made up of numerous atoms, similar to how a house is built of many bricks.
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A gas is known to be one of the following nitrogen oxides: NO, NO2, N2O4, or N2O. It has a density of 1.96 g/L at 273 K and 1.00 atm. Determine its identity.
Please write out the steps too, I am so lost on how to start this question. Thank you so much!
That the calculated molar mass of the gas is closest to the molar mass of N2O. Therefore, the gas is most likely N2O.
What is Density?
Density is a physical property of matter that describes how much mass is contained in a given volume. It is defined as the amount of mass per unit volume, and is typically expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
The gas density and the conditions provided can be used to calculate the molar mass of the gas using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Rearranging this equation to solve for n/V, we get:
n/V = P/RT
M = m/n
where M is the molar mass, m is the mass of the gas, and n is the number of moles.
Since the density is given in grams per liter, we can assume that 1 liter of the gas has a mass of 1.96 grams. Therefore, the number of moles of the gas in 1 liter can be calculated as:
n/V = P/RT = (1 atm)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K × 273 K) = 0.0446 mol/L
The number of grams of the gas in 1 liter can be calculated as:
m = density × volume = 1.96 g/L × 1 L = 1.96 g
Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is:
M = m/n = 1.96 g / 0.0446 mol = 43.9 g/mol
Comparing this molar mass to the molar masses of the possible nitrogen oxides:
NO has a molar mass of 30.01 g/mol
N2O4 has a molar mass of 92.01 g/mol
N2O has a molar mass of 44.01 g/mol
We can see that the calculated molar mass of the gas is closest to the molar mass of N2O. Therefore, the gas is most likely N2O.
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Which combination of foods provide the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Carrots and snow peas stir-fried in canola oil (section 5. 3 Fats and Oils in Foods and Figure 5-6: Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acid composition of common fats and oils. )
The correct answer is Carrots and snow peas stir-fried in canola oil which is the perfect combination of foods that provide the best source of omega-3 fatty acids.
What provides the most omega-3?Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the most prevalent omega-3 fatty acid in the majority of Western diets, can be found in leafy green vegetables, flax seeds and flaxseed oil, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), and some animal fat, particularly from grass-fed animals.
What exactly are omega-3 supplements?Omega-3s are nutrients that you can obtain through food or supplements and that support the growth and upkeep of a healthy body. They are essential to the composition of each cell wall you have. They also serve as an energy source and support the functioning of your immune system, heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
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How many grams are found in 5. 000 mol of carbon tetrachloride
769.11 grams are found in 5.000 mole of carbon tetra chloride. It is calculated by using Mole concept.
The mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI). The quantity amount of the substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or the sample. The mole is known as containing exactly 6.02214076×1023 elementary entities. It is used in chemistry as a convenient way to express amounts of reactants and products of chemical reactions. The molar mass of a substance is defined as the ratio of the mass of a sample of that substance to its amount of substance. It is clear the the amount of substance is given as the number of moles in the sample. One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that substance such as of atoms, molecules, or ions.
The number 6.022 × 10²³ is known as the Avogadro's number or the Avogadro's constant. According to the mole concept, the concept of the mole is used to convert between mass and number of particles.
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Alcohols are a key intermediate in organic synthesis since they can oxidized to carbonyl containing functional groups. In this tutorial, we will cover: 1. what happens in an oxidation reaction 2. oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones 3. oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids 4. oxidation reagents and how we can control oxidation The previous example showed the simplest alcohol and the oxidation products expected. Note that the oxidation of an alcohol to a higher oxidation state involves loss of hydrogens. This means that tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized, since it does not have a hydrogen that can be lost. Longer primary and secondary alcohols can also be oxidized. Which of the reactions shown Constitute an oxidation reaction? CH, CHO CH,CH,OH CH,CO,CH CH,CH, OH CH, COH CH CHO - CH.CH OH > OH
The reactions that constitute oxidation reaction are, CH3CH2OH --> CH3CHO, CH3CHO --> CH3COOH, CH3CH2CH2OH --> CH3COCH3.
An oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons. In the case of alcohols, oxidation typically involves the loss of hydrogen atoms and the addition of oxygen atoms to form a carbonyl-containing functional group.
The reactions that constitute an oxidation reaction are the ones that involve the loss of hydrogen atoms and the addition of oxygen atoms. In the examples given, the following reactions are oxidation reactions:
1) CH3CH2OH --> CH3CHO (oxidation of a primary alcohol to an aldehyde)
2) CH3CHO --> CH3COOH (oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid)
3) CH3CH2CH2OH --> CH3COCH3 (oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone)
The other reactions shown do not involve the loss of hydrogen atoms or the addition of oxygen atoms, and therefore do not constitute oxidation reactions.
Oxidation reagents are chemical compounds that are used to carry out oxidation reactions. Some common oxidation reagents include chromic acid (H2CrO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).
The choice of oxidation reagent and the reaction conditions can be used to control the level of oxidation and the products formed.
For example, using a milder oxidation reagent or lower reaction temperatures can help prevent over-oxidation of the alcohol to a carboxylic acid.
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if 0.435 g of KMnO4 is dissolved in enough water to give 250 ml of solution, what is the molarity of
KMnO4?
ASAPP PO!! thankyouu!!!!!
Answer:
M = 0.011 mol/L
Explanation:
Molarity = n/V,
n: No. of moles
V: volume in liters
n of KMnO4 (Molar mass = 158 g/mol) = 0.435/158 = 0.00275 moles
Molarity (M) = 0.00275/0.25 = 0.011 mol/L
Set 1 - Use the balanced chemical equation for the production of rust to solve:
4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
If you produced 0.00521 moles Fe2O3, how many moles of Fe were reacted?
If you need to produce 1.867 mol Fe2O3, how many moles O2 are needed to react?
Given 9.54 mol Fe, how many moles O2 will be needed?
Given 0.578 mol O2, how many moles Fe will be needed to react completely?
Answer:
Explanation:
0.01042 moles Fe --how to calculate (0.00521/2 moles X 4 moles) the 2 and 4 are the coefficients in the chemical equation
2.8005 moles O2-- how to calculate (1.867 / 2 X 3 moles O2)
7.155 moles Fe calculate it this way (9.54 / 4 moles Fe X 3 moles O2
0.7707 moles Fe ---(0.578 / 3 moles O2 X 4 moles Fe)
Trans-1,3-dichlorocyclobutane has a meausurable dipole moment. Explain why the individual dipole g
Trans 1,3-Dichlorocyclobutane. The C-cl bonds are opposed to one another, thus the dipole moment should cancel out and be zero. Nevertheless, because of the four-member ring strain, cyclobutene is stable in a puckered configuration with three carbons in one plain and one carbon above the plain.
Because one C-Cl bond in cyclobutene [Trans-1,3-dichlorocyclobutane] is axial and the other is equatorial, they won't cancel each other out and the net dipole moment won't be zero. This hopping never stops. When there is a separation of charge, dipole moments happen. They can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent link; dipole moments result from changes in electronegativity. The dipole moment increases with the difference in electronegativity.
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Complete Question:
Trans-1,3-dichlorocyclobutane has a measurable dipole moment. Explain why the individual dipole moments of C-Cl bonds do not cancel each other t produce a zero net dipole moment?
Compose the cathode and anode processes of electrolysis of an aqueous solution Li2SO4, the total electrolysis equation
Answer:
Explanation:
The electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Li2SO4 involves the following processes:
At the cathode:
2H2O + 2e- → H2 (g) + 2OH-
At the anode:
2OH- → 1/2O2 (g) + H2O + 2e-
The overall reaction for the electrolysis of Li2SO4 is:
2Li2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) → 2LiOH (aq) + H2 (g) + SO2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g)
Note: The reaction also produces SO2 gas in addition to H2 and O2.
How many grams of ammonia are needed to make 1.25 L solution with a pH of 11.68?
The mass (in grams) of ammonia, NH₃ needed to make 1.25 L solution with a pH of 11.68 is 0.102 grams
How do i determine the mass of ammonia needed?First, we shall determine the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution. Details below:
pH of solution = 11.68pOH = 14 - 11.68 = 2.32Hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] =?pH of a solution is given by the following formula:
pOH = -Log [OH⁻]
Inputting the various parameters, we have
2.32 = -Log [OH⁻]
Multiply through by -1
-2.32 = Log [OH⁻]
Take the anti-log of -2.32
[OH⁻] = Anti-log -2.32
[OH⁻] = 0.0048 M
Next, we shall determine the molarity of the ammonia. Details below:
NH₃(aq) + H₂O <=> NH₄⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
From the above equation,
1 mole of OH⁻ is present in 1 mole of NH₃
Therefore,
0.0048 M OH⁻ will also be present in 0.0048 M NH₃
Next, we shall determine the mole of ammonia. Details below:
Volume = 1.25 LMolarity = 0.0048 MMole of ammonia =?Molarity = Mole / Volume
Cross multiply
Mole of ammonia = molarity × volume
Mole of ammonia = 0.0048 × 1.25
Mole of ammonia = 0.006 mole
Finally, we shall determine the mass of ammonia needed. Details below:
Mole of ammonia = 0.006 moleMolar mass of ammonia = 17 g/molMass of ammonia = ?Mass = Mole × molar mass
Mass of ammonia = 0.006 × 17
Mass of ammonia = 0.102 grams
Therefore, the mass of ammonia needed is 0.102 grams
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