The movement of salt from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP because salt must be transported from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish against the concentration gradient from a hypoosmotic to a hyperosmotic environment, this demands the utilisation of ATP.
When two solutions have different osmolarities, the more diluted solution is referred to as "hypoosmotic," and the one with a higher solute content as "hyperosmotic."Because the osmolarity of their internal fluids is significantly higher than that of their surroundings, fresh water animals constantly absorb water by osmosis and lose salts by diffusion.As salt moves through osmosis from an environment that is hypo-osmotic to one that is hypertonic, or hyper-osmotic, ATP is needed (internal fluids).To know more about osmolarity visit:
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Give an example of a pair of species that exhibit each interaction listed in the table above.
A fox and a bobcat are vying for the same prey. An orca devouring a sea otter is predatory. A bison eating only plants: grazing in a prairie. A parasitoid wasp that lays its eggs on a caterpillar is known as a parasitist. Mutualism: A lichen is composed of a fungus and an alga. Commensalism can be seen in a connected remora, for instance. two things: a flowering plant and the animal that pollinates it.
Describe herbivory:Animals that consume plants are said to practice herbivory, and these creatures are known as herbivores. This connection induces adaptations in both the herbivore species and the plant species it eats, similar to predator-prey interactions.
What is an example of herbivory?The term "large herbivore" refers to creatures like cows, elk, and buffalo. These animals eat grass, bark from trees, aquatic plants, and new plant growth. Herbivores can also include medium-sized animals like sheep and goats that graze on grasses and shrubby plants. Small herbivores include mice, rabbits, chipmunks, and squirrels, for instance.
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Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last clutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior? a. polygyny b. polyandry c. promiscuity d. certainty of paternity
The correct option is (b) Polyandry
A single female engaging in sexual activity with two men is referred to as polyandry.
To improve their chances of finding mates, organisms have evolved a variety of noticeable morphological and behavioral features. Animals have adapted for sexual selection in a variety of ways, including coloration, calling, size increase, nesting, pheromones, and many other traits.Polyandry is a tactic employed by females to broaden the diversity of the colony. In the described situation, female spotted sandpipers mate with several males on multiple occasions.Therefore, the term "polyandry" best characterizes how female spotted sandpipers behave.Learn more about the Polyandry with the help of the given link:
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Interpret the Data
A correlation is a way to describe the relationship between two variables. In a positive correlation, as the values of one of the variables increase, the values of the second variable also increase. In a negative correlation, as the values of one of the variables increase, the values of the second variable decrease. Or there may be no correlation between two variables. If researchers know how two variables are correlated, they can make a prediction about one variable based on what they know about the other variable.
(c) Which show(s) no clear relationship?
The variables that are positively correlated with the volume of nectar production are;
Nectar concentrationSeeds per flowerVisits per flowerWhat is a correlation?The correlation is a way that we show the relationship between variables. If we are studying the correlation between variables, we are trying to find out how one variable affects another.
Now, a positive correlation exists between variable leads to an increase in another variable. A negative correlation occur when the increase in one variable leads to a decrease in another variable.
Hence, the variables that are positively correlated with the volume of nectar production are;
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fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: experience, protocol, and results
Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: experience, protocol, and results
Pre-FMT themes included physical (continuous diarrhea and weight loss), mental (depression, wanting to die, and fear), quality of life (unable to perform normal activities), social support, and financial (medication costs) factors. Provider resistance/limited awareness were barriers to FMT. Participants reached a tipping point, experiencing feelings of hopelessness, which led them to pursue FMT.
During FMT, participants commented on lack of a so-called ick factor. During the posttreatment period, participants experienced symptom relief, but had residual fears. Patient activation was present during all phases, including information seeking and empowerment.
During the pre-FMT period, participants experienced extreme discomfort and encountered FMT barriers.
Undergoing FMT was reported as easy but residual fear remained. There were displays of patient activation at all FMT time periods, including the seeking of FMT.
Participants could have benefited from having undergone FMT sooner, demonstrating a need for improvement in provider education and health system barriers regarding FMT.
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when are two populations likely to have very similar allele frequencies
Two populations are likely to have very similar allele frequency when there is no new mutation.
Allele Frequency- The incidence of a gene variant within a population is represented by the allele frequency. Alleles are different versions of a gene that share the same genetic locus on a chromosome.
Due to the following reasons allele frequencies are stable over time, when:
No new mutation rate exists. There is no selection against any specific genotype; all individuals, regardless of genotype, are equally capable of mating and passing on their genes.As per Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which is known to alter allele frequency in populations, depends on five different factors. These include - genetic drift, genetic recombination, mutation, gene migration, or "gene flow," and natural selection.
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________ is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
A DNA fingerprint is a technic that helps identify individuals based on their DNA profilesAlthough most of the human DNA sequences are common in most of the humans, there are several that can vary substantially from individual to individual called variable number tandem repeats. As they vary so much from individual to individual, by comparison of the testing DNA with the DNA of any , it is easy to relate whether both sequences are correspondent to each other.So, DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.
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There are four chambers in the mouse heart - the right and left ventricles, and the right and left atria. Based on the data in the table below, which chamber, the left ventricle or the left atrium, do you think pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body? Explain your answer.
brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain’s lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with baltes’ key principle of lifespan development that .
Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that development is plastic.
What is bran training program?A program of routine exercises called "brain training" claims to maintain or enhance one's cognitive ability. Working memory and executive function are two examples of fluid intelligence skills that are typically referred to as "cognitive abilities."
Development is plastic, which refers to the malleability or alterability of features. Contextual and socio-cultural factors affect development. Development involves multiple disciplines.
Therefore, Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that development is plastic.
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Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that ________.
How do cells use energy?
a, biosynthesis of more complex molecules
b. atp hydrolysis
c. cellular movement
d. active transport
Cells use energy in the following processes: a.biosynthesis of more complex molecules, c. cellular movement, and d. active transport
The biosynthesis of more complex molecules is an anabolic process. An anabolic process can be described as a process in which energy is required. For the synthesis of complex molecules, energy is derived from the nutrients that we take. Hence, biosynthesis of more complex molecules requires energy.
Any type of cellular movement that occurs against the concentration gradient requires energy. Hence, cells use energy for cellular movement.
We can describe active transport as a process in which molecules move across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient i.e from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Hence, cells also use energy for active transport.
The process of hydrolysis, however, does not require energy. ATP hydrolysis yields energy, it does not use energy. Water is used to break down ATP to yield energy from the process of ATP hydrolysis.
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What volume in ML should be recorded for the liquid above
Answer:
Volume measures capacity. For example, the volume of a bowl is the amount of space inside the bowl or how much water, for example it would take to fill the bowl.
In the metric system of measurement, the most common units of volume are milliliters and liters.
How big is a milliliter?
A single raindrop contains about 111 milliliter of liquid:
A raindrop.
A raindrop.
How big is a liter?
This bottle contains about 111 liter of liquid:
A bottle of liquid.
Explanation:
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How do response mechanisms in target cells differ for water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones?
The majority of hormones produced by the body fall into one of three categories:
lipid-derived hormones, amino acid-derived hormones, or peptide-derived hormones. The hormones generated from lipid are lipid soluble. The hormones generated from peptides and amino acids are soluble in water. A hormone's target cells each have receptors that are unique to that hormone.The target cell can be reached by the lipid-derived hormones, which bind to the receptor protein and control its activity by crossing the plasma membrane. Hormones that are water soluble, however, cannot pass the plasma membrane. These hormones first attach to the receptor on the plasma membrane's surface.
With the aid of intracellular secondary messengers like cyclic AMP, this binding of a hormone with a membrane-bound receptor starts a cascade of secondary mechanisms within the cytoplasm of the cell. These auxiliary messengers deliver and control the signal to the target cell.
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an archaeon in a nutrient-poor environment is most likely to use blank for nutrient uptake.
an archaeon in a nutrient-poor environment is most likely to use blank for nutrient uptake facilitated difusion s better technique for nutrion uptake in nutrition poor nvironment.
Nutrient uptake in plants is a very broad topic and it has been necessary to limit our focus to covering the principal processes involved in accessing and absorbing essential nutrients from their environment. This is but one of several layers of nutrient uptake that need to be considered in the context of development of the whole plant. Loading into the xylem and the interplay between xylem and phloem in the redistribution of nutrients, particularly under deficiency conditions, require closer scrutiny, as does the role of the vacuole in temporary and long-term storage of nutrients.facilitating diffusion is better to access nutrient in particularly true of nutrients with low soil mobility such as P and Fe. The relative importance of this aspect of nutrient uptake has yet to be defined.To know more about facilitated difusion visit : https://brainly.com/question/18122054
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How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK similar? How does initiation of signal transduction differ for these two types of receptors?
Cell signaling is the process that happens in the cell when the receptors on the cell's surface detect a sort of stimulus, whether it is physical or chemical in nature.
The receptor will provide a conduit for these signals to enter the cell and be processed. After binding with the ligand, the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor (PTKR) are present on the cell's surface to form pathways for signal transmission.
The following are the differences in the responses of these two receptors:
The response of a GPCR to a ligand causes this receptor to activate a protein known as the G protein. In contrast, binding of the ligand to the receptor tyrosine kinase causes it to form dimers with another receptor, resulting in tyrosine kinase enzyme activity.The GPCR activates the protein by tethering it to GTP via a guanine exchange factor protein. The tyrosine kinase receptor, on the other hand, requires ATP hydrolysis to activate the enzyme.To learn more about signal transduction for GPCER and RTK. Click, https://brainly.com/question/15093633
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Which nutrient is required for regulating metabolism and maintaining normal growth?
Magnesium is required for regulating metabolism and maintaining normal growth both in plants and animals.
In plants, magnesium is the primary element in the chlorophyll of plant tissues and plays an important part in metabolism.
Plants deficient in magnesium are deficient in chlorophyll which results in less optimal growth and also activates enzyme system.
While in humans, this nutrient is vital as it forms antibodies which are the key ingredients of the immune system.
Moreover, in adolescents, it promotes bone growth, and also helps to build healthy and strong muscles.
It also regulates cardiovascular functions, immune system and hormones which are crucial for healthy functioning of the body
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Which instruction would the nurse provide a client needing to collect a clean-catch urine specimen?
The instruction which the nurse would provide a client needing to collect a clean-catch urine specimen is "Do not touch the inside of the container" and is denoted as option C.
What is a Specimen?This is defined as a material or organism which are used for examination or study and can be collected using various means.
Collecting a clean-catch urine specimen means that there should be very minimal bacteria from the skin in the sample which is the reason why the inside of the container shouldn't be touched.
This is therefore why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The options are:
"Save all urine for 24 hours.""Use the sponges to cleanse the urethra, and then initiate voiding directly into the cup.""Do not touch the inside of the container.""You will receive an isotope injection, then I will collect your urine."Identify which of the following, if any, are unique to mammals: a female uterus, a male vas deferens, extended internal development, and parental care of newborns.
None of these given in question are unique to mammals
characteristics of mammals are from Class of endothermic vertebrates, Have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs, Defined by the presence of mammary glands and hair (or fur), Sweat glands in their skin, Alveoli in their lungs, A four-chambered heart, A brain covering called the neocortex and have four different types of teeth.Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands.Mammary glands produce and secrete milk that nourishes developing young.A system of glands or groups of cells that secrete fluid to be used elsewhere in the body which helps to regulate a mammal's internal environment.Sweat glands control body temperature; mammary glands produce milkTo know more about mammals visit : https://brainly.com/question/15326492
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What do plant cells posses that animal cells lack
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
Answer: Only plant cells have chloroplast and cell wall
Explanation:
in which of these types of environment would you be most likely to find examples of ongoing speciation? group of answer choices areas such as large plains that facilitate migration of animals areas that have a large range of altitudes, such as mountains and deep valleys areas that are species-rich areas that have undergone recent environmental disturbance or change
The environment where ongoing speciation is most likely to be found is: areas that have undergone recent environmental disturbance or change.
Speciation is the process of formation of new species. This is the result of evolution. A new species is born form an existing species due to some new adaptations or changes. The newly formed species is reproductively isolated from the ancestral one.
Environmental disturbances are the sudden changes in an area that disturbs the species of that area. This results in the loss of species. However, environmental disturbance also provides the opportunity for speciation as the surviving species need to undergo certain changes in order to keep surviving.
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Would the coupling of the processes shown in Figure 17.23 be found in a eukaryotic cell? Explain why or why not.
Answer: No, transcription and translation are separated in space and time in the eukaryotic cell, a result of the eukaryotic cell's nuclear compartment
Explanation:
Suppose you were studying two groups of obese people with genetic abnormalities in the leptin pathway. In one group, the leptin levels are abnormally high; in the other group, they are abnormally low. How would each group's leptin levels change if they ate a low-calorie diet for an extended period? Explain.
If a group has excessively high levels of leptin, the group will be determined to have poor leptin sensitivity and should turn off leptin synthesis once fat reserves are depleted. Leptin levels will fall regardless of food intake in the other group of people with low levels because they are determined to be faulty in responding to leptin.
How leptin causes obesity?Adipose tissue produces the hormone leptin, which controls body fat percentage and suppresses appetite. Leptin levels drop during fasting as adipose tissue levels drop and appetite levels rise.Leptin regulates energy balance by influencing the satiety center in the hypothalamus, and leptin deficit in the leptin signaling pathway is what leads to obesity. By communicating satiety to the hypothalamus and lowering calorie intake and fat storage, leptin plays a significant role in obesity.When there is weight loss and a decline in the leptin hormone, leptin aids in promoting a ravenous hunger and consumption of dietary food. Leptin suppresses appetite while ghrelin, a hormone released by the stomach wall, promotes appetite.When the body is thin, the level of the hormone leptin, which suppresses appetite, is lower than when the body is fat. It has a more significant impact on how many calories someone burns and how much food they consume, which in turn helps regulate how much fat tissue is stored.Learn more about the Leptin with the help of the given link:
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When biological change is gradual, as when a tortoise grows large over its 150-year lifespan, it is an example of?
When biological change is gradual, as when a tortoise grows large over its 150-year lifespan, it is an example of continuity in the biological systems.
What is continuity in the biological systems?The continuity in the biological systems makes reference to how organisms can maintain their homeostasis (or state of internal equilibrium) during all lifespan, which is in this case over 150 years for tortoise.
In conclusion, when biological change is gradual, as when a tortoise grows large over its 150-year lifespan, it is an example of continuity in the biological systems.
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plants are one of the primary sources of organic carbon, fixed nitrogen, and oxygen. explain the relationship of plants to organisms found in another kingdom (eg.,animalia, fungi, protista, bacteria). are there links between organisms in all the kingdoms? how does this underscore the importance of plants to us?
All other species on Earth are heterotrophic, meaning they rely directly or indirectly on green plants for nourishment. Green Sulphur bacteria are present in autotrophic microorganisms and green plants.
Why are plants important for us?Almost every terrestrial animal and human, including us, depends on plants for nourishment. We either eat plants or animals that eat plants. The atmosphere is preserved by plants. During the process of photosynthesis, they create oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. For all aerobic species, oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration.In biogeochemical cycles, plants recycle matter. For instance, plants transpire large amounts of water from the soil into the atmosphere.Numerous organisms have habitats thanks to plants.to know more about importance of plant please check the link given below:
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You have read about the various revolutions the human race has gone through (hunter gatherer, agricultural revolution, and industrial revolution) . Make a case for which of these social periods of you feel had the most positive impact on the environment and the most negative impact on the environment . (You can choose different periods for each responses) support your answer with facts in 5 sentences
The industrial revolution is the social period that had the most positive and most negative impacts on the environment.
The most positive impact that the industrial revolution had on the environment is the increased production of goods and efficiency. People are now able to produce every type of good they require to ease their living. Lower costs, increased wealth, and availability of a large number of products are some other positive impacts of the industrial revolution.
But as the population increased, demand for natural resources also increased. This leads to the depletion of natural resources. While during the agricultural revolution or during the times of hunter-gatherers, natural resources were prominent as the population was less.
Another negative impact that the industrial revolution had on the environment is degrading the quality of air or the environment. People are now more into using natural resources and polluting them. They are not even able to maintain sustainability in the environment.
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Describe the chemical building blocks of cells
According to the research, the correct option is that carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and small organic molecules are the building blocks of cells.
What are cells?It refers to the primordial constituent of living beings, which has the ability to reproduce independently and whose chemical building blocks are sugars (monosaccharides), amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides.
In this sense, it is dominated and coordinated by large polymers (macromolecules), which are essential for the birth, development and functioning of all cells, these molecules formed by the chaining of small organic molecules that are free in the cell cytoplasm .
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is that carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and small organic molecules are the building blocks of cells.
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2017 baltzer evaluation of infraspinatus reinnervation and function following spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer in adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries.pdf
Baltzer's objective grow to be to decide the superiority and excellence of restored outdoor rotation in character brachial plexus damage sufferers who underwent spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve switch and to understand affected person and harm factors that would affect results.
Despite the fact that EMG signs and symptoms and symptoms of recuperation, the SAN to SSN transfer did no longer provide useful recuperation of ER via reinnervation of the infraspinatus muscle in accidents regarding more stages than the suprascapular nerve. In patients with greater than level injuries, alternatives for SAN to SSN switch want to be taken into consideration to restore shoulder ER.
Our goal became to decide the superiority and wonderful of restored outside rotation in grownup brachial plexus damage (BPI) patients who underwent spinal accent nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer and to discover the affected man or woman and damage elements that would affect outcomes.
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Chemical reactions are essential to the life of a living organism. Make a list of biological processes
that involve chemical reactions.
Answer: group transfer reactions, the formation/removal of carbon-carbon double bonds, isomerization reactions, ligation reactions, hydrolysis reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions.
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black fur and black eyes black fur and red eyes white fur and black eyes white fur and red eyes predicted fraction /16 /16 /16 /16
The expected fractions are 4/16 Black Fur, Black Eyes – 4/16 Black Fur, Red Eyes – 4/16 White Fur, Black Eyes – 4/16 White Fur, Red Eyes, assuming diallelic genes, exhibiting total dominance, and not interacting.
Data readily available:
The fur color and eye color of each individual are combined in this cross.
Over white fur, black fur is more prevalent.
Over red eyes, black eyes are more prevalent.
The two parents involved in the cross are dihybrid and homozygous recessive.
What conclusions are we able to draw from this data?The following genotypes and phenotypes are suggested based on the supposition that diallelic genes exist for each attribute, that these genes exhibit total dominance, and that no gene interactions exist.The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity is a gene. DNA constitutes genes. Some genes serve as instructions for producing molecules known as proteins. Many genes, however, do not code for proteins. From a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases, human genes can range in size.To know more about diallelic genes, refer to the following link:
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Why is having a larger population of the organisms found at the bottom of this pyramid important?
There is decrease in energy levels as we move to each trophic level. Thus, to support the ecological pyramids large numbers of population is found at the bottom of the pyramid.
What are trophic levels?Trophic levels are food pyramids. It describes the level of an organism present in the food web. These trophic levels are represented in the form of pyramids.
There are three to four successive trophic levels in the food pyramid where the organisms of one level are dependent on the other. These food pyramids are always upright. Trophic levels also show the energy transfer in an ecosystem.
Thus, trophic levels are important for depicting food and energy relationship in an ecosystem.
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In addition to its role in spinal reflex activity, the spinal cord also ________.
In addition to its role in spinal reflex activity, the spinal cord also contains sensory and motor tracts traveling to and from higher nervous centers.
What part of the spinal cord is involved in reflex action?The spinal cord recognises the impulse and immediately produces a reaction. When reflex actions occur, an instantaneous response is required. The spinal nerves regulate the many regions of the body's reflexes.
The head has to be stabilised by two reflexes. The cervicalocollic reflex and the vestibulocollic reflex control how the neck muscles contract in response to vestibular input and stretch receptors, respectively.
It ties your brain and lower back together. Your spinal cord relays nerve messages back and forth from your brain to your body. You can experience feelings and move your body thanks to these nerve transmissions.
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Compare the roles of CO₂ and H₂O in respiration and photosynthesis.
Answer:
Cow is carbon dioxide and H²O is water
Explanation:
because trees need water and carbon dioxide