The Black Death A The growing cities of the Middle Ages could be exciting places. However, many were dark, unsafe, and unhealthy. Streets were narrow, crooked, and filthy. There were no streetlights or police. Many people did not go out alone at night for fear of robbers. If people did go out, they often took servants along with them for protection and to carry lanterns or torches to light the way. Waste was dumped into open gutters. All in all, conditions were disgusting. This caused diseases to spread quickly through the crowded cities. B Beginning in 1347, one such disease, a terrible plague, swept through Europe. The disease was called the Black Death because of the darkened color of its victims’ faces after they died. The plague began in Asia and spread along busy trade routes. Trading ships carried the disease west to the Mediterranean. From the Mediterranean ports, the disease spread throughout most of Europe. Rats on the ships carried the disease. Fleas from the rats spread the disease to people. C Once people became infected, the disease could be spread from person to person. People became infected as they came in contact with the sick. According to Jean de Venette, a friar who lived at the time, young people were more likely to die than old people. Those who got sick lasted only two or three days and then died suddenly. This happened in such great numbers that often those who lived could not keep up with burying the dead. The friar wrote, “Someone who was healthy one day could be dead and buried the next. . . . A healthy person who visited the sick hardly ever escaped death.” D No one knows the exact number of plague deaths in Europe. Some guess that about 25 million people died in Europe from 1347 to 1351. This was about one third of the entire population. The death rate varied from place to place. Towns seemed to be harder hit than the countryside. Some entire villages and towns were wiped out. The plague affected the rich as well as the poor. Even the great and powerful, including royalty, were struck down. Throughout Europe, populations were devastated by, as the Welsh called it, “death coming into our midst like black smoke.” E The Black Death greatly affected Europe. Relations between the upper classes and lower classes changed. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher wages. In several European countries, peasants staged uprisings. There were emotional effects as well. In some areas, the theme of death appeared in poetry, sculpture, and painting. People’s faith was shaken. The church lost some of its power and importance. The Black Death took a greater toll on human life than any war or illness before that time. It was perhaps the greatest tragedy in all of European history. What is the main purpose of this article? a. To inform people of precautions to take against the plague c. To talk about cures for the plague b. To inform people about a historically important plague d. To tell how friars dealt with the plague.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

B. to inform people abouct historically important plague.

Explanation:

The reason l said that is because all the passage is informative since all reading is talking abouct thr plague and it give us even dates to know and it describe what happem and how it look so is informative.

Answer 2

Answer:

The answer is option B.] To inform people about historically important plague


Related Questions

What's the difference between the first and first?

Answers

Answer:

What is the difference between "first"and "at first" ? As adverbs, the difference is essentially that 'first' relates simply to the order of events (First you do this, and THEN you do that,...) while 'at first' relates to an earlier stage of something as contrasted with some later development,

i hope it helps u :)

Select the correct text in the passage
which statement from the passage best supports the idea that Penrod does not want to be in the children's play?
excerpt from Penrod
by Booth Tarkington
A bitter soul dominated the various curved and angular surfaces known by a careless world as the face of Penrod Schoneld. Except in solitude,
that face was almost always cryptic and emotionless; for Penrod had come into his twelfth year wearing an expression carefully trained to be
Inscrutable. Since the world was sure to misunderstand everything, mere defensive instinct prompted him to give it as little as possible to lay
hold upon. Nothing is more impenetrable than the face of a boy who has learned this, and Penrod was habitually as fathomless as the depth of
his hatred this morning for the literary activities of Mrs. Lora Rewbush-an almost universally respected fellow citizen, a lady of charitable and
poetic inclinations, and one of his own mother's most intimate friends.
Mrs. Laura Rewbush had written something which she called "The Children's Pageant of the Table Round, and it was to be performed in public
that very afternoon at the Women's Arts and Guild Hall. And if any flavor of sweetness remained in the nature of Penrod Schofield after the
dismal trials of the school week just past, that problematic, Infinitesimal remnant was made pungent acid by the imminence of his destiny to
form a prominent feature of this spectacle, and to declaim the loathsome sentiments of character named upon the program the Child Sir
Lancelot
Reset
Next
mentum. All rights reserved.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is the last one And if any flavor of sweetness remained in the nature of Penrod Schofield after the dismal trials of the school week just past, that problematic, infinitesimal remnant was made pungent acid by the imminence of his destiny to form a prominent feature of this spectacle, and to declaim the loathsome sentiments of character named upon the program the Child Sir Lancelot.

Explanation:

What does the three encounters between Galaad and Mrs. Whitaker reveal about their relationship? (Use evidence from the text.)

Answers

Answer:

The three encounters between Sir Galaad and Mrs. Whitaker reveals that Sir Galaad treated her like a queen but Mrs. Whitaker wants to be treated normally.

Explanation:

'Chivalry' is a short story written by Neil Gaiman. The story is about an elderly woman Mrs. Whitaker, who finds the Holy Grail in an old shop.

In the story, Mrs. Whitaker was visited by Sir Galaad, Knight of the Round Table. In the three encounters between Sir Galaad and Mrs. Whitaker, Sir Galaad treats Mrs. Whitaker as a queen by offering her various precious gifts in exchange of the Holy Grail. Instead, Mrs. Whitaker wants to be treated normally.

Though, their meeting was a magical one, Sir Galaad, Knight of the Round Table, was here visiting and having teatime with Mrs. Whitaker. Despite, having magical elements the author has portrayed their relationship as somewhat a normal interaction between common people.

Textual evidence:

'When she got home, Galaad was waiting for her. He was giving the neighborhood children rides on Grizzel’s back, up and down the street.

“I’m glad you’re here,” she said. “I’ve got some cases that need moving.”

She showed him up to the boxroom in the top of the house. He moved all the old suitcases for her, so she could get to the cupboard at the back.'

Identify the type of clause boldfaced in each sentence. World War II, which was the deadliest war in history, took the lives of roughly 60 million soldiers and civilians. The United States remained neutral until the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The most significant loss from the bombing occurred when a bomb hit the USS Arizona, detonating the ammunition magazines and causing the ship to explode. The following day, the United States declared war on Japan, which prompted Germany and Italy to declare war on the United States. Great Britain had already promised that it would immediately declare war on Japan if Japan launched an attack on the United States.

Answers

Answer:

World War II, which was the deadliest war in history, took the lives of roughly 60 million soldiers and civilians.

relative

The United States remained neutral until the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

adverbial

The most significant loss from the bombing occurred when a bomb hit the USS Arizona, detonating the ammunition magazines and causing the ship to explode.

adverbial

The following day, the United States declared war on Japan, which prompted Germany and Italy to declare war on the United States.

independent

Great Britain had already promised that it would immediately declare war on Japan if Japan launched an attack on the United States.

noun

Hope this helps someone :)

In the second paragraph of Dr. King’s speech he says “the life of a Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.” These words bring up strong images of slavery. Why would this be an effective method of moving his audience?

Answers

Answer:

Racism towards African Americans was very high in this time period and even though they were free from slavery they were still treated like slaves.

This will be an effective method of moving his audience because it appeals to their sense of pity and justice.

What are appeals?

Rhetorical appeals are strategies used by speakers to appeal to the minds of the audience.

When Dr. King used imagery to point to the racism suffered by the Negro, he appealed to the sense of pity and justice of his audience. This type of appeal is called pathos.

Learn more about pathos here:

https://brainly.com/question/13118125

ASAP PLZ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
What is the best definition of persistence?
rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad

a sudden, strong desire to do something

the ability to recover strength, good humor, motivation, or focus quickly after a disappointment or setback

the act of continuing to do something despite obstacles or setbacks

Answers

Hey :)

Persistence is the act of continuing to do something despite obstacles or setbacks

Hope this helps :)
The act of continuing to do something even if there are things in your way, like determination.

Which fact would be most appropriate to include on a
yearbook page about Chavez?
The United Farm Workers union formed in 1972
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
His parents once owned a farm but lost it.
His father was injured in an automobile accident.

Answers

Answer:

"He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom "

Explanation:

If its a yearbook then it should have honorable things about them such as awards , it should not have things that were personal. It should also not include something thats not about him.

Answer:

He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Explanation:

Which sentences correctly use a colon?
Jordan learned how to play many sports at summer camp: volleyball, baseball, lacrosse, and tennis.

Kim’s extensive morning ritual of doing her hair was one she never forgot: it was her most important therapy.
Yesterday at the mall, Clarissa bought two pairs of jeans: four shirts, two pairs of shoes, and one bag.
Alan planned to finish his degree in one semester: he still remembered applying to college years ago.

Answers

Answer:

Answer number 1 uses correct grammar

Explanation:

Answer:

awnser 1

Explanation:

it has corect grammer

Select the paragraph that best develops the man vs. society conflict Marcus faces.

Answers

The paragraph that best develops the man vs. society conflict Marcus faces in the novel little brother is "Don't you say a word about him," I said, the anger bubbling over. "You're not fit to talk about him. Yeah, I understand that everything's different now. We used to be a free country. Now we're not."

The character of Marcus deals with several conflicts through the story, one of them being the man vs society.

What is the man vs. society conflict?

The man vs society issue arises when the protagonist decides to act on a strong conviction that contrasts with the bulk of the society or surrounds. This kind of conflict is categorized as an external threat because it involves a character and outside group.

One of the most prevalent themes in literature is a protagonist's rebel against expectations from their family, society, the government, etc.

However, the man vs society conflict here is that when one or more individuals rebel against the behavioral norms or codified systems of their society.

What is the novel little brother?

Cory Doctorow's book Little Brother is available from Tor Books. It was released on April 29, 2008.

In the wake of a terrorist attack on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and the BART system, four teens in San Francisco must defend themselves against the Department of Homeland Security's assaults on the Bill of Rights.

Little Brother's intention to present obscene notions to a younger crowd is not hidden. The book includes two afterword pieces by the hacker Andrew "bunnie" Huang and the cryptographer Bruce Schneider as well as a bibliography of other techno-countercultural works, ranging from Jack Kerouac's "On the Road" through Schneider's "Applied Cryptography."

To learn more about the man vs. society conflict here,

https://brainly.com/question/1130136

#SPJ2

Copyright is super easy to understand. True or False

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

copyright has many forms and its really hard to understand (for me)

Copyright is super easy to understand is a false statement as it is not easy to understand.

What is copyright?Once an author puts a piece of writing in a concrete form of expression, it is protected by copyright, a type of intellectual property. The types of works protected by copyright include computer programmes, databases, ads, maps, and technical drawings in addition to books, music, paintings, sculptures, and films. Reproduction right, public performance licence, mechanical licences, public performance right, synchronisation licence, and reproduction right are the types of copyright.Copyright is crucial because it gives the author, professor, or researcher the power to prevent unauthorised or uncredited use of their work, preserving its worth.Original works of authorship, such as poetry, books, movies, songs, computer software, and architectural designs are all protected by copyright, a type of intellectual property law.

To learn more about copyright, refer

https://brainly.com/question/357686

#SPJ2

Can anybody Help with a eassy

Answers

i can try? we hat is it about and i will help you with guiding questions!

what is an allusion?
an escape
an indirect reference to something else
a magic track
not to be used in literary nonfiction ​

Answers

Answer:

An indirect reference to something else

Explanation:

Why was Chief Joseph's surrender to federal troops an act that demonstrated true leadership?

Answers

Why was Chief Joseph's surrender to federal troops an act that demonstrated true leadership? By surrendering, Chief Joseph made the safety and health of his people his first priority. Resignation. The late nineteenth century was a difficult time filled with change and loss for many Native Americans.

Answer:

true leadership and concern for his people

Explanation:

Read Franklin Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war.

What are the main purposes of this speech? Select two options.

to issue a threat to the country of Japan
to explain why military action is necessary
to propose alternatives for a next course of action
to rally the support of the American people for war
to show differences between the US and Japan

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B and D

Explanation:

Franklin Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war was to:

To explain why military action is necessaryTo rally the support of the American people for war

Who was Frank Roosevelt?

He was an American politician who ruled the United states as the 32nd president  from 1933 to 1945.

During his tenure, there was world war II in which the United states took part in. He requested to declare war to explain why military has to be involved and get the required backing from his people.

Read more about Frank Roosevelt here https://brainly.com/question/1049219

Which one is correct?
A)The first is correct.
B)First is correct.
C)A and B are both correct.

Answers

There is no correct answers because of your idiotic question

What is the author encouraging parents to do before hiring a babysitter?
es -
A)
find a job that allow them to work from home.
B)
feel guilty about leaving their child with a sitter.
install cameras in their homes to monitor the babysitter
D)
use background checks to find out about caregivers they do not know.

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

is the correct answer

Read the excerpt from A Girl Named Zippy.

Not long ago my sister Melinda shocked me by saying she had always assumed that the book on Mooreland had yet to be written because no one sane would be interested in reading it.

Answers

Answer:

Interesting!

Explanation:

your not giving us any information-

The moral of the story is called

Answers

Answer:

The moral of the story is the lesson that you learn.

Explanation:

The moral of a story is supposed to teach you how to be a better person. If moral is used as an adjective, it means good, or ethical. If you have a strong moral character, you are a good member of society.

Answer:

the lesson a story is trying to teach you

Explanation:

HURRY I WILL GIVE BRAINLYIST!!!! TO WHO EVER GETS THESE 10 POINTS

1)

Read the rough draft of a student’s conclusion to an argumentative editorial.

(1) Year-round schooling would help student achievement. (2) Not so much information would have to be crammed into nine months. (3) Furthermore, the elimination of long breaks, particularly summer break, would significantly reduce "learning loss” and the additional time wasted at the beginning of each academic year to reteach previously learned material. (4) It is clear that year-round schooling helps students learn and retain more. (5) The United States is not the only country to experiment with a year-round school schedule. (6) Although many still claim that evidence about year-round school and its link to higher achievement is inconclusive, these people need to open their eyes and see that students in these schools consistently score higher on certain assessments than students who attend schools with traditional nine-month calendars. (7) It is about time that we replaced our outdated and inefficient school calendars.

Which best revises sentence 6 to create a more appropriate and respectful tone?
Although many still claim that evidence about year-round school and its link to higher achievement is inconclusive, studies consistently reveal that year-round students score higher on certain assessments than those students who attend schools with traditional nine-month calendars.
Although many still claim that evidence about year-round school and its link to higher achievement is inconclusive, this theory is wrong because students in year-round schools consistently score higher on certain assessments than those students who attend schools with traditional nine-month calendars.
Although many still claim that evidence about year-round school and its link to higher achievement is inconclusive, they would admit defeat if only they would do their research and find that students in year-round schools consistently score higher on certain assessments than those students who attend schools with traditional nine-month calendars.
Although many still claim that evidence about year-round school and its link to higher achievement is inconclusive, these people need to study their facts and acknowledge that students in year-round schools consistently score higher on certain assessments than those students who attend schools with traditional nine-month calendars.



2)Which revision would most improve sentence 7?
suggesting an alternative plan to replace the current school calendar
explaining why the current school calendar is outdated and inefficient
expressing an opinion about those who oppose changing the calendar
restating the strongest piece of evidence used to support the claim


3) Why should sentence 4 be removed from this conclusion?
It criticizes those who disagree with the writer.
It strengthens the viewpoint of the opposition.
It states a fact that is unrelated to the topic.
It unnecessarily restates the editorial’s claim.

4)Which sentence should be removed from the conclusion?
sentence 1
sentence 3
sentence 5
sentence 7

Answers

Answer:

It should be removed from the editorial piece because it is repetitive to the rest of it pointing out the fact they we in the United States should get rid of nine-month calender's and continue with year-round schooling. Also in sentence 1) it should either be (help a student's achievement) or (help student's with their achievements.

Explanation:

What do you think the relationship between the old man and the narrator is? What could have been the reason for the old man’s “vulture eye”?

Answers

He said he liked the old man. So he could be a friend. The eye was probably a cataract

He sat in the chair during the night.
what is the prepositional phrase

Answers

(In the chair) and (during the night) are both prepositional phrases

...
Writing (a formal email of invitation)
Your school wants to invite an expert to talk to
students about crime and safety.
Write your email to Jason Briggs (200-250
words).
How to write formal letter

Answers

Answer:

I think this is what you mean.

Dear, Jason Briggs,

We would appreciate if you could come and visit our school and educate the students on crime and safety. It would be a pleasure to have you.

Sincerely,

A Name

Explanation:

In the following lines, why the author didn't write the whole sentence in one line?
"die, Into the valley
of Death Rode the
Six hundred" ?*
(A lot of point) ;) please help

Answers

by Alfred Lord Tennyson

Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. "Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns!" he said: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.

what did benedict arnold do in the revolutionary war ​

Answers

Answer:

During the war, Benedict Arnold proved himself a brave and skillful leader, helping Ethan Allen's troops capture Fort Ticonderoga in 1775, and then participating in the unsuccessful attack on British Quebec later that year, which earned him a promotion to brigadier general.

Explanation:

Answer:

showed great courage

Explanation:

best answer ever!

What does it mean when a word has an S at the end without any ‘

Answers

That there is more than one.
'(s)' indicates that there is a possibility of a plural existence. In other words, 'other(s)' means there is a possibility of more than one person, so the word should take a plural form, if such a situation occurs.

Which of the following is the best reason for the use of senses and what they help accomplish in descriptive writing?


A. helps keep the audience engaged

B. helps develop the description and keeps the audience fully engaged in the reading​

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

its because senses let you describe the setting in detail.

Which elements are important to include in the conclusion of an argumentative editorial? Check all that apply.
a restatement of the claim
a list of evidence used to support the claim
a personal opinion about the topic
a summary of the rebuttal
a solution, an alternative, or a call to action

Answers

Answer:

A restatement of the claim.

A summary of the rebuttal .

A solution, an alternative, or a call to action.

Explanation:

An argumentative editorial is writing on the editorial where a person presents an argument about a certain topic and presents both sides of the claim. This means that the editor of the argument in this certain scenario can't take sides nor present personal opinions.

And in presenting the conclusion of the argumentative editorial, a person must restate the claim, summarize the rebuttal points and provide a solution or any alternatives or a call to action.

Thus, the correct answers are the first, fourth, and fifth options.

Answer:

A restatement of the claim.

A summary of the rebuttal .

A solution, an alternative, or a call to action.

Read the sentence. The students found the grammatical rules incredibly simple to understand and use. Which word does the underlined phrase modify?

Answers

Answer:

3. rules

Explanation:

yuh

Answer:

C. rules

Explanation:

Modifiers give more details about the modified word. They can be in a form of a single word or more complex phrases or dependent sentences.

For example:

Book

Blue book

A blue book laying on the table.

A very well written blue book that is laying on the table.

We used all these words and phrases just to modify the noun "book" and provide more information about it.

In the given example, the phrase "incredibly simple to understand and use" gives us more details on "rules", which means it modifies that word.

estions:
1. What do you call the force acting on the ball along the horizontal line or
along the force that makes the ball in motion?​

Answers

Answer: Tension

Explanation:

Tension is defined as the force that is being exerted by a rope or chain. It should be noted that when physical objects are in contact with one another, a force can be exerted on each other this way and in this scenario, the force is referred to as tension when the object that is exerting the force is a cable, rope, or chain.

It should be noted that these objects written can help in transferring force which is why they're vital for exerting forces. It is a pulling force.

summary about americans who lived during thr revolutionary era and helped to shape the nation with their worde ​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

In the long-term, the Revolution would also have significant effects on the lives of slaves and free blacks as well as the institution of slavery itself. It also affected Native Americans by opening up western settlement and creating governments hostile to their territorial claims.

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What were the main political factors that caused the power of Rome to slip away? what is foot as a irregular a nouns Angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2:4:3the smallest angle of the triangle is Duncan has 13 1/3 cups of sand. He divides the sand equally into 4 containers In what ways might a countrys priorities change after a successful war for independence? Heyyy yall Im bored I just to that stupid PSAT and now I gotta wait a hour for the bus and have nothing to do Pls give me a real awnser this is a chart so the question is the pic Mark is pushing a box down the hall. Mark is using 5N to push the box 20m. How much work is Mark doing? what is [tex] {y}^{2} = 44[/tex]can anyone help me pls How do the und lined words affect the tone of thepassage?Read this excerpt from Through the Looking-Glass."What is it you want to buy?" the Sheep said at last,looking up for a moment from her knitting."I don't QUITE know yet," Alice said, very gently. "Ishould like to look all round me first, if I might."You may look in front of you, and on both sides, if youlike," said the Sheep: "but you can't look ALL roundyou-unless you've got eyes at the back of yourhead."They create a critical tone.They create a neutral tone.They create a relaxed tone.They create an humorous tone.But these, as it happened, Alice had NOT got: so shecontented herself with turning round, looking at theshelves as she came to them. 2. A(n) __ is an individual number,figure, or letter in a sequence. What is another name for Z1?NEF Please match the correct word to the correct definition.Question 6 options:The idea that the government should not have a say in what you believe religiously.someone who would rather die than give up his or her belief.a religious community who were victims of intolerance in Europe and came to America seeking religious freedom. They had rigid beliefs ad were intolerant of other religions and cultures.the belief that God gives the king his right to governa member of the Society of FriendsPhrase Roger Williams coined meaning, people should have the freedom to choose their own religion.a piece of propertya basic idea or fundamental concept1. Puritans2. Tenet3. Freedom of Conscience4. Separation of Church and State5. Chattel6. Quaker7. Divine Right of Kings8. Martyr Which one is it plz help Based on your data, how are elements arranged into chemical families? Hunter education chapter 1 answers Which of the following is true of the Antarctic Treaty System?A. It allows limited weapons testing of the continent.B. It limits restrictions of environmental controls.C. It encourages scientific research.D. Members came from the Antarctic Agreement. 3. Evaluate the expression 187+2 - 4a. 2b. 1.4c. 6d. 18 Read the text carefully, then answer the question located beneath:Time to "Bee" Wary, by Gordon WintersAfricanized honey bees were created in Brazil in 1957. Scientists mixed local bees with African ones to create a bee that would make more honey. They ended up with something much different. The new bees evolved in unexpected ways. They multiplied and migrated north. These Africanized honeybees are now known as killer bees for several scary but legitimate reasons.Killer bees are far more aggressive than their relatives. They have been known to attack in great numbers, even when there has been no direct threat on their hives. They have swarmed because of loud noises, dark clothing, bright jewelry, and even strong perfume. They will chase a person for more than a quarter of a mile and remain angered for up to 24 hours.Killer bees are also dangerous because of their sting. While most bees take up to 30 seconds to attack, killer bees sting in just 3 seconds. Their venom is no stronger than a regular bee's, but when one killer bee stings, others follow. With up to 80,000 members in a colony, victims are quickly overwhelmed. So many stings in such a short time can cause allergic reactions. Victims enter a state of shock, lose blood pressure, and in many cases, die.A final reason why "killer" has been added to their name is the unfortunate number of deaths they have caused. Experts estimate that the Africanized honeybee moves at a rate of about 200 miles each year. As the bees claim new territory, they claim new victims as well. More than 1000 people have been stung to death in South and Central America. There have been rising numbers of attacks in Mexico and a handful in the United States. Once a swarm sets sights on a victim, it is very difficult for the victim to escape. Once attacked, it is very difficult to survive.Thankfully, there has been no killer bee invasion as some once predicted. Although there is no need for panic, the threat of the killer bee is real and should be taken seriously. It is good practice to call a professional to remove beehives in your area. If you are stung multiple times by any insect, you should always seek medical attention. You may not be expert enough to tell the difference between a killer bee and a less dangerous one, so be smart. It is better to be safe than sorry.Which details relate to the main fact in the third paragraph? (5 points)Group of answer choicesKiller bees attack in great numbers. They swarm for many reasons. They chase people and stay angry for hours.Killer bees have very aggressive behavior. Their stings are very dangerous. They have caused many deaths.Killer bees sting in just three seconds. They sting in large numbers. They cause allergic reactions in their victims.Killer bees have been the cause of deaths in South and Central America. They've caused deaths in Mexico and the U.S. How is Mass converted to the energy released in the fire