Stress hormones can inhibit the production of lymphocytes which forms the white blood cells that circulate in the body and are an important part of the immune system response to combat illness or disease.
What are Lymphocytes?These forms part of the immune system which fights diseases and infections in organisms and are produced in the bone marrow and lymphatic vessels.
They circulate in the body and are important components of the immune system, however their production is usually inhibited by stress hormones such as cytokines etc thereby weakening the system.
This is therefore the reason why lymphocytes was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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If an average body contains about 11 pints of blood, how many grams of glucose are present in the blood?
Answer: 4.9 grams
In a normal person, the level of glucose is about 85 mg/100 mL of blood (454 grams = pound; 2 pints = 1 quart)
There are approximately 0.4136 grams of glucose present in the blood.
Calculating the number of grams of glucose present requires knowing the blood glucose concentration. The milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) unit of measurement for blood glucose concentration.
Most people usually have fasting blood glucose levels between 70 and 99 mg/dL. Let's base this calculation on an average of 80 mg/dL. Now, we'll multiply the concentration (80 mg/dL) by the total volume of blood (11 quarts) and convert the result to grams to determine the total amount of glucose in the blood.
We first need to convert pints to deciliters (dl):
1 pint ≈ 0.473176473 deciliters (approximately 0.47 dL)
So, 11 pints ≈ 11 * 0.47 ≈ 5.17 deciliters (approximately 5.17 dL)
Calculating the total amount of glucose in the blood:
Glucose in blood = Concentration of glucose * Volume of blood
Glucose in blood = 80 mg/dL * 5.17 dL ≈ 413.6 mg
now, we convert mg into gram:
1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg)
Glucose in blood ≈ 413.6 mg ÷ 1000 ≈ 0.4136 grams
Therefore, there are approximately 0.4136 grams of glucose present in the blood.
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Which part of the atom has a negative charge and found outside of the nucleus
Answer:
Electrons!
Explanation:
=D
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
(c) Approximately when did Neanderthals become extinct according to this study?
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
The researchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) became established in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000 - 42,000 years ago.
Approximately when did Neanderthals become extinct according to this study?
Neanderthals co-existed with modern humans for long periods of time before eventually becoming extinct about 28,000 years ago.
What does the name neanderthal mean?
Homo is a Latin word meaning "man" or "man". The word neanderthalensis is based on the place where the first large specimen was discovered in 1856 - Neander Valley in Germany. The German word for the valley is "Tal", although in the 1800s it was spelled "Thal". Homo neanderthalensis therefore means 'Neander Valley Man'.
Some people refer to the species as Neanderthal (without the 'h') to reflect the modern German spelling rather than the original spelling, Neanderthal, used to define the species.
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What statement is correct about the polarity of a water molecule?
A) Both oxygen and hydrogen ends have partial negative charges.
B) Both oxygen and hydrogen ends have partial positive charges.
C) The oxygen side has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen ends have partial positive charges.
D) The oxygen side has a partial positive charge and the hydrogen ends have partial negative charges.
Answer:
C) The oxygen side has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen ends have partial positive charges.
In a paragraph, describe how the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere all interact to make up the planet we inhabit.
The atmosphere of Earth or air is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere.
In a paragraph, describe how the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere all interact to make up the planet we inhabit?
First of all we all know that the reservoirs of water has been present on the earth in the form of lakes, ponds, oceans, seas,and streams which is present in our atmosphere. The biosphere receives the water with the help of sunlight by the process of evaporation. Through the evaporation the water goes to the clouds and the clouds absorbed that water. When the water is collected by the clouds, then through the process of raining the water again goes to the reservoirs which forms the hydrosphere. The living organisms take the water from the hydrosphere which they used for the survival of their lives. They used for drinking, cooking, bathing, washings and for many other purposes.
The above all components combined together and makes the life possible on earth.
So we can conclude that: The atmosphere of Earth or air is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere.
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fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with blood disorders inhibits gut colonization with antibiotic-resistant bacteria: results of a prospective, single-center study
We proposed a method called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the elimination of ARB in people.
What is fecal microbiota transplantation?The infusion of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient is known as a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which aims to directly alter the recipient's gut microbial composition and provide health benefits. The treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with FMT has been proven effective. There are early signs that it may potentially have therapeutic potential for other illnesses such obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) stash acorns in storage holes they drill in trees. When these woodpeckers breed, the offspring from previous years often help with parental duties. Activities of these nonbreeding helpers include incubating eggs and defending stashed acorns. What are some questions about the proximate and ultimate causation of these behaviors that a behavioral biologist might ask?
The inquiries that quickly provide solutions for the organism's behaviors are referred to as proximate behavioral causes.
The following are the most pressing concerns about acorn woodpecker behavior:
What time does the helper bird transition to the breeding bird exactly?Why is there a connection between the population using helps and the sex ratio?What conditions make it possible for the helper to join the breeding population?Is kin selection a factor in helper transition?What kind of learning influences the actions of helpers?Why is there a correlation between bird density and acorn availability in a population?What obligations do helpers have in cooperative behavior?Helpers' involvement with the breeding population has what purpose?Learn more about the animal behaviour with the help of the given link:
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PLEASE HELP!!
What can happen to an enzyme that will cause it to no longer function properly?
Answer:
Extreme temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working.
Explanation:
hope this helps!
Whereas the highly condensed rod-like structures that form from these strands during cell division are called?
The strands of DNA within the nucleus are called chromatin whereas the highly condensed rod-like structures that form from these strands during cell division are called chromosomes.
What are chromosomes?Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which are made up of long DNA fragments. It will contain the genes of the being that they compose. These chromosomes will also have proteins (histones) attached to them that help them exist in their proper conformation.
In cell division processes, such as mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes will be well compacted and aligned for their division and duplication processes. Each chromosome has a characteristic shape and size, in its center it will have a condensed area called the centromere that will help classify the chromosomes since it gives each of them a particular appearance.
Therefore, we can confirm that the strands of DNA within the nucleus are called chromatin whereas the highly condensed rod-like structures that form from these strands during cell division are called chromosomes.
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________ is viewed as a major cause of aneuploidy. colchicine treatment nondisjunction segmental deletions x-ray mutations heat treatment.
Nondisjunction is viewed as a major cause of aneuploidy.
Nondisjunction is a major cause of aneuploidy, which can lead to serious health problems. This occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during cell division, resulting in cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes..
Aneuploidy is a major cause of birth defects and intellectual disability, and can also cause miscarriages. Nondisjunction is responsible for 95% of Down syndrome cases, and can also cause Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome.
There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of nondisjunction, including advanced maternal age, certain genetic disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. However, in many cases, the cause is unknown.
If you are pregnant and have a family history of aneuploidy, you may want to speak to your doctor about genetic counseling and testing.
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Like rods, cone cells are depolarized when their opsin molecules are inactive. In the case of a cone, why might it be misleading to call this a dark response?
The most responsive of the three different types of cones to various light wavelengths. When light is present, a cone may become entirely depolarized if the sunlight is of a wavelength that is not optimal.
What do the eye's rods and cones do?Rods are in charge of seeing in dimly lit environments (scotopic vision). They have poor spatial acuity and do not integrate color vision. Cones are responsible for color vision, high spatial acuity, and activity under higher light levels (photopic vision).
In the eye, how many rods are there?The total number of rods inside the human retina (91 million) is significantly higher than the total number of cones, despite the fact human perception of average daytime ambient light is dominated by cone-mediated vision (roughly 4.5 million). As a result, over the majority of the retina, rod density is substantially higher than cone density.
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Assume that a drop in parasite abundance reflects an effective immune response by the host. Formulate a hypothesis to explain the pattern you described in question 2.
The parasite changed to a new surface glycoprotein after the host's immune response to the first one was successful. This explains why parasite counts change in cycles throughout time.
Describe glycoprotein:A substance that combines a protein with a carbohydrate. In the body, glycoproteins have vital roles. For instance, practically all of the important components in the immune system's immunological response are glycoproteins.
How are glycoproteins produced?In the Golgi apparatus, serine or threonine residues in polypeptides are often modified by the addition of sugar residues to the hydroxyl side chains. O-linked glycoproteins, in contrast to N-linked glycoproteins, are created by the sequential addition of one sugar residue.
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY. Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that water acidification caused by acidic rain would inhibit the growth of Elodea, a freshwater plant (see Figure 2.17).
To design an efficient controlled experiment, two Elodea plants are used, where one is flooded with acid rain and the other with freshwater, which is serving as the control.
What is a controlled experiment?A controlled experiment is the type of experiment that is used to check the effectiveness of a stated hypothesis by monitoring the change of some variables while others remain constant.
A typical example of a controlled experiment is testing of the hypothesis that water acidification caused by acidic rain would inhibit the growth of Elodea, a freshwater plant .
A water plant of Elodea (sample A) is kept under the sun with constant watering for 2 week while another plant of Elodea (sample B) is kept under the sun with constant watering of the plant with acid rain water.
After two weeks of careful observation, the leaves of the Elodea plant (sample A) undergoes some discoloration ( yellow and brown). While sample B remains normal.
This is because acid rain removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that the plant needs to grow.
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Food webs assignment:how do organisms get the energy they need to live in their environment?
(b) What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with dark-colored soil?
What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with dark-colored soil?
a) dark brown coat with no moon
b) dark brown coat with full moon
c) light brown coat with full moon
d) light brown coat with no moon
The correct option is option c)
What is mouse models with camouflage coloration?
This model simulates natural selection and adaptation in rock pocket mouse populations found primarily in rock outcrops in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. This model is based on a lesson plan designed by the [Howard Hughes Medical Institute]
The model simulates changes in coat color in a population of rock pocket mice due to predation. Mice that cannot camouflage have a higher chance of being predatory when predators are present. Users can examine how a population evolves through natural selection under different environmental conditions.
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How does processing of sensory information sent to the vertebrate brain in vision differ from that in hearing or olfaction?
Only the route taken by the action potentials allows the brain to differentiate between stimuli like sight and sound.
A vertebrate brain is what?The central nervous system's primary component is the brain of the vertebrate. The brain is located in the head, at the front, in vertebrates (and most other animals). The skull protects it, and the primary senses including vision, hearing, balance, taste, as well as smells, are nearby.
What use does a vertebrate's brain serve?Introduction. The complex organ known as the vertebrate brain is comprised of neurons and a few other cell types, and also its function is to process information for use in inducing behavior.
What components make up a vertebrate's brain?The hindbrain, midbrain, as well as forebrain, are the three principal divisions of the vertebrate brain. Humans' midbrain and hindbrain share many characteristics with lower animals in terms of both their anatomy and function.
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Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in? more concentrated solutions. isotonic solutions. hypotonic solutions. hypertonic solutions.
Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in: Hypotonic solutions.
Which type of solution will force cells to swell?
hypotonic solution
A cell placed in solution projects up. The solution is hypotonic. In the hypotonic solution, the cell will acquire water by osmosis and will swell up
What does hypertonic answer do?
Hypertonic solutions are ones that have a higher solute attention than that of the cell. Hypertonic solutions drive cells to shrivel and shrink in size, which can cause problems and hinder proper cell functioning.
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What role does the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) play in limb pattern formation in vertebrates?
The zone of polarized activity (ZPA) is a region of mesenchyme that contains signals that direct the formation of developing limb buds along the anterior/posterior axis.
The limb bud is an undifferentiated mesenchyme surrounded by an ectodermal sheath. Eventually, limb buds develop into bones, tendons, muscles, and joints. Limb bud development depends not only on the ZPA, but also on many different genes, signals and a unique region of the ectoderm called the apical ectodermal crest (AER). A 1948 study by Saunders and Gasseling confirmed its involvement in AER and subsequent proximal-distal growth. Twenty years later, the same group conducted a chicken limb transplant study and identified ZPA.
It was in 1993 that Todt and Fallon showed that AER and ZPA were interdependent.
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Are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.
Lysosomes are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.
We can describe lysosomes as membrane-bound organelles that have digestive enzymes present in them. It is due to these digestive enzymes, that the lysosomes are actively involved in the digestion of worn-out organelles.
Autophagy is the process by which a cell has the potential to digest and dispose of its own damaged parts. The cells of the body are recycled through the process of autophagy.
The process of self-digestion i.e autophagy occurs in the lysosomes of a eukaryotic cell.
Various types of hydrolytic enzymes are present in the lysosomes so that any type of organelles can be digested in the lysosomes.
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suppose that, from measurements in a microscope, you determine that a certain bacterium covers an area of 1.50μm2 . convert this to square meters.
By unit conversion, the bacterium covers an area of 1.50 x 10¯¹² m².
We need to know about unit conversion to solve this problem. The unit conversion can be used to convert a unit to another unit. It can be defined as
a = xb
where a is unit a, b is unit b and x is the constant of conversion.
From the question above, we know that
A = 1.50 μm²
Convert the unit conversion to m²
1 μm² = (10¯⁶)² m²
1 μm² = 10¯¹² m²
Convert the area of bacterium
A = 1.50 μm²
A = 1.50 x 10¯¹² m²
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You see smoke coming out of the computer which safety equipment is best to use
Which object would have the slowest speed at terminal velocity?(1 point)
a 50-kilogram block with a large parachute
a 50-kilogram block with a large parachute
a 50-kilogram block with no parachute
a 50-kilogram block with no parachute
a 10-kilogram block with no parachute
a 10-kilogram block with no parachute
a 10-kilogram block with a small parachute
The object that would have the slowest speed at terminal velocity is 50-kilogram block with a large parachute. That is option A.
What is terminal velocity?Terminal velocity is defined as the velocity that is attained by an object when it's air resistance is equal to the force of its acceleration.
Terminal velocity can also be defined as the highest speed an object can attain when it falls through the air.
The factors that affect terminal velocity include the following:
its mass. its surface area, and the acceleration due to gravity , g.The mass of an object is directly proportional to its terminal velocity as it fall but with the exception of presence of resistance force.
Therefore, the mass of 50kg would have the slowest speed at terminal velocity because of the resistant force attached to it being the parachute.
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What is most likely to increase rates of gene flow for a marine organism that is benthic (bottom dwelling) as an adult and planktonic (in the water column) as a larva?
The most likely increased rate of gene flow for a marine organism that is benthic as an adult and planktonic as a larva is an Increased lifespan of planktonic larvae.
In people, gene flow go with the flow typically comes about thru the actual migration of human populations, each voluntary or forced. no matter the fact that gene drift does now not change allele frequencies for a species as an entire it can adjust allele frequencies in nearby populations.
High gene drift in a pathogen will boom the size of the populace and of the geographical location wherein its genetic cloth occurs. consequently, pathogens that show an immoderate degree of gene glide normally have more genetic diversity than pathogens that show a low degree of gene glide. Gene drift is the motion of genes into or out of a population. Such motion can be due to the migration of private organisms that reproduce in their new populations, or to the motion of gametes.
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Why is it difficult for people in developed countries to know where their food comes from?
It is difficult for people in developed countries to know where food comes from because they have an unlimited supply of food from various places coming.
In developed countries, people usually live in bigger cities that do not have much of agricultural or farming land. The farms are located far beyond the cities and food is transported to the developed markets via different transportation sources. Many of the food items are also imported from various other countries. Hence, a person buying food from such big markets with such a huge variety has little knowledge of where the food comes from.
On the other hand, in developing countries, there are agricultural lands or farms nearby towns. People make a living through food cultivated from this land. Also, there is not much diversity in food in the local markets. Hence, in developing countries, people usually have an idea of where the food is coming from.
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disruption of the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue to the murine fatty acid transport protein impairs uptake and growth on long-chain fatty acids
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is in a position to make use of exogenous fatty acids for lots of cell procedures consisting of beta-oxidation, phospholipid biosynthesis, and protein modification. The molecular mechanisms that govern the uptake of those compounds in S. cerevisiae have now no longer been defined.
We record the characterization of FAT1, a gene that encodes a putative membrane-certain long-chain fatty acid shipping protein (Fat1p). Fat1p carries 623 amino acid residues which might be 33% equal and 54% with comparable chemical residences in comparison with the fatty acid shipping protein FATP defined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Schaffer and Lodish (1994) Cell 79, 427-436), suggesting a comparable function. Disruption of FAT1 outcomes in 1) an impaired increase in YPD medium containing 25 microM cerulenin and 500 microM fatty acid (myristate (C14:0), palmitate (C16:0), or oleate (C18:1)); 2) .
A marked lower withinside the uptake of the fluorescent long-chain fatty acid analogue boron dipyrromethene difluoride dodecanoic acid (BODIPY-3823); 3) a discounted fee of exogenous oleate incorporation into phospholipids; and 4) a 2-3-fold lower withinside the prices of oleate uptake. These information assist the speculation that Fat1p is concerned in long-chain fatty acid uptake and can constitute a long-chain fatty acid shipping protein.
Question is incomplete. The complete questrion is -
what was the disruption of the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue to the murine fatty acid transport protein impairs uptake and growth on long-chain fatty acids?
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what doesn’t kill us: how freezing water, extreme altitude and environmental conditioning will renew our lost evolutionary strength. by scott carney, (2017).
The New York Times bestseller "What Doesn't Kill Us" recounts the origins of human evolution to a time when our ability to adapt to our surroundings was crucial to our existence.
Without even a hint of what anyone today may consider contemporary technology, our forefathers traversed deserts, mountains, and oceans. Now that we live in a time where luxury is taken for granted, those feats of endurance seem unimaginable. But what if recreating our ancestors' environmental circumstances will help us restore some of our lost evolutionary strength?Scott Carney, an anthropologist and investigative journalist, sets out to answer the question of whether it's possible to manipulate our bodies and our environment in order to influence our inner biology. Wim Hof, a fitness expert from the Netherlands whose capacity to regulate his body temperature in extremely cold conditions has generated a flurry of scientific research, is assisting him in his quest for the solutions.A world-renowned surfer, the creators of the obstacle course race movement, an Army scientist, and regular folks who have documented their success in curing autoimmune disorders, losing weight, and reversing diabetes are among the other experts Carney consults with. As he pushes his body and mind to the limit, he documents his own transformational journey. His search ends in a record-breaking, 28-hour trek to the snowy peak of Mt. Kilimanjaro while wearing nothing but a pair of running shorts and sneakers.What Doesn't Kill Us explores the true relationship between the mind and body and reveals the science that enables us to push past our imagined boundaries. It is an ambitious blend of investigative reporting and interactive journalism.To learn more about environmental adaption visit:
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how is the temporalis muscle different in humans and in apes? a. the temporalis muscle is oriented vertically in humans and horizontally in apes. b. the temporalis muscle provides better crushing ability in apes but not in humans. c. the temporalis muscle enables better slicing motions in humans but not in apes. d. the temporalis muscle is more highly developed in humans.
The temporalis muscle is oriented vertically in humans and the horizontally in apes. The temporalis muscle, commonly referred to as the temporal muscle, is one of the mastication muscles in anatomy. The temporal fossa on each side of the head is filled with a large.
Fan-shaped convergent muscle that is superior to the zygomatic arch and so covers much of the temporal bone. The temporal refers to the temples of the head. The deep section of the temporal fascia and the temporal fossa are the sources of the temporalis muscle in humans. This area of attachment is the extremely broad.
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. However, they do have an area within the cell where their DNA is located. What do we call this area of a prokaryotic cell?
A: Nucleoid
B: Mitochandria
Answer: nucleoid
Explanation:
If you had additional hearts distributed throughout your body, what would be one likely advantage and one likely disadvantage?
Heart distribution throughout the live body has the benefit of increasing blood flow from the legs. The drawback is the difficulty in maintaining synchronisation for cardiac action.
What is the average flow route of blood through the circulatory system?Systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the capillaries in the body's tissues through the arteries. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through a vein system from the tissue capillaries.
Systemic circulation is a higher pressure system than pulmonary circulation because systemic circulation must drive bigger amounts of blood through the body than pulmonary circulation.
The pulmonary veins convey blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart in the pulmonary circuit. Because it was recently oxygenated in the lungs, this blood has a high oxygen concentration.
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Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a solution similar to extracellular fluid and later transferred the neuron to a solution lacking any sodium ions. What change would you expect in the resting potential?
The change that would you expect in the resting potential is as follows:
The opening of sodium ion channels is very less, so the resting potential either would not be altered or would become slightly more negative and reveals the outcome of hyperpolarization. What is Resting potential?Resting potential may be defined as the electrical potential of a neuron or other mercurial cell comparative to its surroundings when not stimulated or taking part in the passage of an impulse.
When an isolated neuron is transferred to a solution that lacks any sodium ions, it will definitely prevent the passage of such ions because of the not opening of specific channels. Due to this, the resting potential either remains the same or becomes slightly negative.
Therefore, the change that would you expect in the resting potential is well described above.
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