A pink handheld eraser is an independent variable. The pencil eraser is the dependent variable. Pencil erasers should be controlled in this experiment.
An independent variable is one that you adjust, control, or modify in an experimental study to look at its consequences. Because it is unaffected by any other study variables, it is called "independent." Independent variables are also referred to as explanatory variables (they explain an event or outcome).
A dependent variable is one that changes as a result of an independent variable changing. The outcome you're trying to measure "depends" on your independent variable. In statistics, dependent variables are often referred to as response variables (they respond to a change in another variable).
Understanding variables is crucial since they serve as the fundamental building blocks of the data examined and evaluated in research projects. When doing descriptive research or interpreting the results of an experiment, researchers carefully examine and interpret the value(s) of each variable to understand how things relate to one another.
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Contrast clonal selection with Lamarck's idea for the inheritance of acquired characteristics (see Concept 22.1).
Lamarck's theory was founded on the idea that all physical changes that occur in an individual during their lifetime are inherited by their offspring.
What is Lamarck's theory of inheritance?Jean-Baptiste de Monet Lamarck proposed Lamarckism between 1744 and 1829. This theory was founded on the idea that all physical changes that occur in an individual during their lifetime are inherited by their offspring. For example, the development of an organ after repeated use.
Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the belief that an organism can pass on physical characteristics acquired by the parent organism through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring.
He believed that traits changed or acquired over the course of a person's life could be passed down to their offspring. Giraffes with long necks would have long neck offspring rather than the short necks their parents were born with.
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Acids help digest proteins by: group of answer choices neutralizing them [ choose ] partially denaturing them [ choose ] preventing their absorption [ choose ] cleaving pepsinogen
Acids help digest proteins by cleaving pepsinogen.
Pepsinogen is an abundant and powerful specific enzymatic substance produced and stored in the stomach and is secreted by the gastric chief cells.
It helps in the digestion of food, proteins, and other substances by splitting them apart.
In the stomach, an acid, also known as gastric acids, converts pepsinogen to pepsin which in turn breaks down complex molecules of protein if food into simpler and smaller molecules.
To put it simply, pepsinogen is vital for digestive activities in the stomach.
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9
re
BUILD Vocabulary
lipid macromolecule made mostly
from carbon and hydrogen atoms;
includes fats, oils, and waxes
nucleotide subunit of which
nucleic acids are composed;
made up of a 5-carbon sugar,
a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
nucleic acid macromolecules
containing hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
protein macromolecule that
contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
and nitrogen; needed by the body
for growth and repair
amino acid compound with an
amino group on one end and a
carboxyl group on the other end
Related Words A polypeptide is
a chain of amino acids joined by
peptide bonds. A protein is made
up of one or more polypeptides.
Not all polypeptides are proteins.
How many levels of structure
are there in a protein with only
one polypeptide chain?
Answer: Carbon
It is often said that life is “carbon-based.” This means that carbon atoms, bonded to other carbon atoms or other elements, form the fundamental components of many, if not most, of the molecules found uniquely in living things. Other elements play important roles in biological molecules, but carbon certainly qualifies as the “foundation” element for molecules in living things. It is the bonding properties of carbon atoms that are responsible for its important role.
Carbon Bonding
Carbon contains four electrons in its outer shell. Therefore, it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms or molecules. The simplest organic carbon molecule is methane (CH4), in which four hydrogen atoms bind to a carbon atom.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are macromolecules with which most consumers are somewhat familiar. To lose weight, some individuals adhere to “low-carb” diets. Athletes, in contrast, often “carb-load” before important competitions to ensure that they have sufficient energy to compete at a high level. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet; grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar. Carbohydrates also have other important functions in humans, animals, and plants.
Carbohydrates can be represented by the formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. In most living species, glucose is an important source of energy. During cellular respiration, energy is released from glucose, and that energy is used to help make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Plants synthesize glucose using carbon dioxide and water by the process of photosynthesis, and the glucose, in turn, is used for the energy requirements of the plant. The excess synthesized glucose is often stored as starch that is broken down by other organisms that feed on plants.
Chemical structures of glucose, galactose, and fructose.
Disaccharides (di- = “two”) form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (a reaction in which the removal of a water molecule occurs). During this process, the hydroxyl group (–OH) of one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen atom of another monosaccharide, releasing a molecule of water (H2O) and forming a covalent bond between atoms in the two sugar molecules.
A long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds is known as a polysaccharide (poly- = “many”). The chain may be branched or unbranched, and it may contain different types of monosaccharides. Polysaccharides may be very large molecules. Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin are examples of polysaccharides.
Starch is the stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of amylose and amylopectin (both polymers of glucose). Plants are able to synthesize glucose, and the excess glucose is stored as starch in different plant parts, including roots and seeds. The starch that is consumed by animals is broken down into smaller molecules, such as glucose. The cells can then absorb the glucose.
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Whenever glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose.
While the glucose-glucose bonds in cellulose cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, herbivores such as cows, buffalos, and horses are able to digest grass that is rich in cellulose and use it as a food source. In these animals, certain species of bacteria reside in the rumen (part of the digestive system of herbivores) and secrete the enzyme cellulase. The appendix also contains bacteria that break down cellulose, giving it an important role in the digestive systems of ruminants. Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal.
Carbohydrates serve other functions in different animals. Arthropods, such as insects, spiders, and crabs, have an outer skeleton, called the exoskeleton, which protects their internal body parts. This exoskeleton is made of the biological macromolecule chitin, which is a nitrogenous carbohydrate. It is made of repeating units of a modified sugar containing nitrogen.
Thus, through differences in molecular structure, carbohydrates are able to serve the very different functions of energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support and protection (cellulose and chitin).
The functions of nerve tissue include? a. sensation b. movement c. learning d. all of these
The functions of nerve tissue include sensation, movement and learning. So, the correct option is (d) all of these.
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are two divisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, whereas the rest of the body is made up of the peripheral nervous system. Receiving, processing, and responding to sensory data are duties of the central nervous system.
Responses, feeling, movement, emotions, communication, mental processing, and memory are all controlled by the brain, an organ of nerve tissue. Nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain all include nervous tissue. Many bodily functions are coordinated and under its direction. It promotes muscular contraction, develops environmental awareness, and is crucial for emotions, memory, and thinking.
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Which term describes a coupled transporter that moves both solutes in the same direction across a membrane?
The term Symport describes a coupled transporter that moves both solutes in the same direction across a membrane.
What is Symport?
Symport is a sort of transport in which two different molecules can pass across a membrane in the same direction by utilizing a similar carrier mechanism.
The transporter is referred to as a symporter and it functions in the cell membrane by simultaneously moving several molecules across the membrane.
One illustration is the transport of glucose up its concentration gradient with the assistance of the energy from the movement of sodium ions down its concentration gradient.
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It is hypothesized that RNA may have evolved before DNA because RNA molecules
were the first molecules synthesized by Miller and Urey
are more important to genetic inheritance than DNA
can catalyze a variety of biologically important reactions
are found in more modern cells than are DNA molecules
It is hypothesized that RNA may have evolved before DNA because RNA can catalyze a variety of biologically important chemical reactions (Option 3 is correct).
What is RNA?RNA is a special class of nucleic acid that serves as the reservoir of genetic material for certain viruses, which is composed of only one nucleotide chain strand listed of two stands as occur with the double helix of DNA.
In conclusion, it is hypothesized that RNA may have evolved before DNA because RNA can catalyze a variety of biologically important chemical reactions (Option 3 is correct).
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Answer: C. can catalyze a variety of biologically important reactions
Proof of validity is shown below.
How did ancient organisms change the Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer:
I will change everything on this earth and make it cool
because occurs without oxygen scientist believe this stage in cellular respiration evolved first
There are two sorts of cellular respiration: aerobic and anaerobic (see Concepts of Cellular Respiration). They can be known like this. One occurs within the presence of oxygen (aerobic) and also the other within the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Both start with glycolysis - the breakdown of glucose.
Glycolysis (see the concept of "glycolysis") is an anaerobic process and doesn't require oxygen to continue. This process produces a minimal amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle and electron transport require oxygen, and within the presence of oxygen these processes generate far more ATP than glycolysis alone.
Scientists believe that glycolysis evolved before other stages of internal respiration. this can be because glycolysis doesn't require oxygen, whereas other stages require it. Also, when life first evolved about 3.5 billion years ago he was 4 billion years ago, and there was no oxygen within the Earth's atmosphere. respiration that happens without oxygen is named anaerobic respiration.
Then, about 2 to three billion years ago, oxygen was gradually added to the atmosphere by early photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Organisms can then use oxygen to interrupt down glucose and make ATP. Most organisms today use oxygen to create ATP. They follow glycolysis with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transfer to get more ATP than glycolysis alone. internal respiration that happens within the presence of oxygen is named aerobic respiration.
Therefore, the above statement is correct.
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suppose that the concentration of an ion is higher in the cytoplasm than in the extracellular environment. if the bacterium wants to bring in more of that ion into the cell, which description best describes this type of transport?
The description that best describes this type of transport is it requires external energy from a specific cell to move the ions against the concentration gradient.
Which type of transport moves the ions against the concentration gradient?The type of transport that moves the ions against the concentration gradient is known as active transport. This type of transport is typically mediated by the action of carrier proteins.
Active transport generally requires metabolic energy in order to migrate ions or molecules against the concentration gradient. Active transport results in the accumulation of ions or molecules on side of the membrane.
Therefore, the description that best describes this type of transport is it requires external energy from a specific cell to move the ions against the concentration gradient.
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Which is most likely the reason zebras and horses are considered separate species?
Answer:
The greatest differences between a zebra and a horse are their size, speed, and coloration. Zebras are smaller and lighter than horses, but they can exceed them in length. Zebras are also slower than horses in the majority of cases, but they are fast animals in their own respect.
Explanation:
For example, a horse and zebra can breed to produce a zorse, however zorse are fundamentally infertile (due to the different number of chromosomes between a horse and a zebra) and thus a horse is a different species to a zebra.
How is it possible for a particular neurotransmitter to produce opposite effects in different tissues?
A neurotransmitter can bind to different types of receptors, each triggering a particular response in postsynaptic nerves.
What is a neurotransmitter?Your body cannot operate without chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. They are responsible for transporting chemical "messages" from one neuron (nerve cell) to the subsequent target cell. The following target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell.
The nervous system in your body is a huge network of nerve cells that communicate electrical impulses between nerve cells and the cells they are intended to target. Your nervous system regulates the operation of your organs as well as everything from your intellect to your muscles.
In other words, your nerves have a role in everything you think, feel, and do. Your nerve cells transmit and receive data from every part of your body. The best possible functioning of your body depends on this ongoing feedback.
Therefore, by binding to different kinds of receptors, neurotransmitters can produce opposite effects in different tissues.
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Which step of the cell cycles shown in the image is Vindlastine MOST likely to interrupt when given to patients with lung cancer, and why ?
Vinblastine binds to microtubular proteins in the mitotic spindle, thereby preventing cell division during metaphase.
Vinblastine is utilized in aggregate with different chemotherapy drugs to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma styles of cancer that begin in a sort of white blood cellular that commonly fights contamination, and most cancers of the testicles.
Lung most cancers develops while everyday lung cells exchange, or mutate, in a way that alters their herbal boom and loss of life cycle, resulting in unregulated mobile department that produces too many cells. The hastily dividing cells do not perform the functions of ordinary lung cells or become wholesome lung tissue.
In many most cancers cells the variety of chromosomes is altered so that there are either too many or too few chromosomes inside the cells. these cells are said to be aneuploid. mistakes might also occur at some stage in the DNA replication resulting in mutations and in all likelihood the development of cancer.
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If a drug mimicked the activity of GABA in the CNS, what general effect on behavior might you expect? Explain.
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, thus it makes sense that this medication will reduce brain activity. One could anticipate that a decline in brain activity would halt or diminish behavioral activity.
What is the impact of GABA in the CNS?(GABA) is an amino acid that serves as the central nervous system's main inhibitory neurotransmitter (CNS). By preventing nerve transmission, it works to lower neuronal excitability.
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA lowers the activity potential of the neuron.
The threshold potential is the point below which a neuron ceases to produce action potentials and, as a result, ceases to excite neighboring neurons.
Therefore, as a result of their drug usage, they could exhibit bad social behaviors, which affects both their professional performance and interpersonal connections.
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whenever one turns the pages of a book, uses a pen to take notes, or raises one's hand, one's actions are made possible by the nervous system.
whenever one turns the pages of a book, uses a pen to take notes, or raises one's hand, one's actions are made possible by the somatic nervous system.
The somatic nervous system, also known as the voluntary nervous system, is the area of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal (voluntary) muscles to control body movement. It also connects the organism to its environment by receiving external stimuli through the senses of sight, hearing, taste, and smell. In contrast to the autonomic nervous system, which functions largely independently of conscious control in innervating heart muscle and exocrine and endocrine glands, the somatic nervous system uses efferent motor nerves to govern voluntary actions like walking and smiling.
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How does productivity increase in terrestrial ecosystems? in aquatic ecosystems?.
In terrestrial ecosystems, productivity increases by moisture availability, temperature, length of seasons, and annual temperature.
A terrestrial ecosystem is a non-aquatic environment and is an area where all terrestrial organisms either biotic or abiotic interact with each other.
There are five primary terrestrial ecosystems which are tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, tundra, and taigas.
These ecosystems have a diverse variety of species and rich biodiversity.
Moreover, the particular characteristics of this area are less water availability, temperature fluctuations, and higher availability of light and gases.
Examples of terrestrial plants are the Chinese privet, Autumn Olive and British Yellowhead.
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if you were to sequence the same gene in five individuals from the same population, you may find the sequences of four individuals are the same and one is different. which of the answer choices most likely explains the presence of variation for this gene in the population?
The presence of variation for this gene in the population is known as mutation
Mutation is a change in the genetic material of a cell; cause by a mistake during DNA replication. example Sickle-Cell Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington's Disease etc Point Mutations involve changes in one or a few nucleotides/bases.Frameshift Mutation caused by insertions and deletions that changes the reading sequence. it Usually causes a change in the amino acid sequence.Chromosomal mutation is the change in the number or structure of a chromosome or Change the location of genes on a chromosome or Change the number of copies of genes.To know more about mutation visit : https://brainly.com/question/13923224
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I dont understand how to do this. Geometry
The X of the angle <CDB represented as 7X is = 5.86.
Calculation of the angleFrom the diagram, line BD divides triangle ∆ ADB into two identical triangles.
Triangle ∆ ABD = triangle ∆ CBD
Notice that < ADC = an acute angle which is = 90°; and
<ADC = < ADB + < CDB
But , < ADB= 49° and < CDB = 7x
90° = 49 + 7x
Make 7x the subject of formula,
7x = 90-49
7x = 41
X =41/7
X = 5.86
Therefore, X = 5.86.
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A scientist is investigating a new drug that will cure the common cold. The scientist should give the __________ group an empty pill, rather than the pill with the drug being tested.
1. variable
2. control
3. test
4. experimental
Adding what groups to histones tightens the DNA and prevents transcription.
Answer: Addition of methyl groups to histones by histone methyltransferases, can either activate or further repress transcription, depending on the amino acid being methylated and the presence of other methyl or acetyl groups in the vicinity. The fundamental unit of chromatin, called a nucleosome, contains DNA wound around a protein octamer.
Explanation:
How do rats drink? While dogs form their tongues into spoons and scoop water into their mouths, scientists using high-speed video have shown that cats use a different technique to drink aqueous substances like water and milk. Four times a second, the cat touches the tip of its tongue to the water and draws a column of water up into its mouth (as you can see in the photo), which then shuts before gravity can pull the water back down. Describe how the properties of water allow cats to drink in this fashion, including how water's molecular structure contributes to the process.
The cat does not dip its tongue in the liquid. It just touches the surface. When touching the surface, there is an adhesive force that attracts water molecules to the surface of the cat's tongue. The cat then brings it back at a rapid pace, taking advantage of the inertia before gravity overcomes it and the water falls back into the bowl. Thus, the contribution of water molecules is in the adhesive force. The rest is the work of the cat's movement.
How does water's molecular structure allow cats to drink?The cat positions its mouth 3 cm above the water level (all cats use the same height). First, the tongue descends toward the water at a speed of up to 50 cm/s. After almost 50 milliseconds, the tip of the tongue, bent back, touches the surface of the water without penetrating it. The way a cat drinks liquid is credited to the two forces they need to balance: inertia and gravity.
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a new mutation arises in the intron of a gene in a somatic cell. this mutation contributes to in the population by individuals in the next generation.
The new mutation which arises in the intron of the gene in the somatic cell. this mutation was contributes to the Variation in the population and it will not also be inherited by the individuals in the next further generation
Variation refers to the difference between the two individuals of the species. the Genetic variation arises due to the mutation and the recombination during the meiosis. Examples of the variation are different the skin colour, eys, the height, resistance to the diseases Variation is the difference in the genotypes also between the organisms of the same group. the Genetic variation is generated as the result of the processes such as the sexual reproduction, mutations in the DNA of sequence, and the gene flow in populations.
The question is actually incomplete, the complete question is:
A new mutation that arises in the intron of the gene in a somatic cell. This mutation contributes to the _____ in the population _____ by the individuals in the next generation.
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Prokaryotes have the ability to make energy from food (such as sugar). Some even
have the ability to perform photosynthesis (and make their own food). Where do
ou think these processes take place in the organism?
40 Points!
Explain how the stages of technological design are similar to the process of scientific investigation. Use specific stages from each process to support your answer.
Technological design is similar to a scientific investigation because both involve raising a question, hypothesis testing and experimental design.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a sequential procedure to collect empirical evidence in a scientific investigation, which depends on several sequential steps (i.e. observation, hypothesis, testable predictive outcomes, experimentation and collection of data).
Technological design is similar to a scientific investigation because it also involves raising a question and hypothesis testing, but the first one also implicates the development of creative development to solve this question.
In conclusion, technological design is similar to a scientific investigation because both involve raising a question, hypothesis testing and experimental design.
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Which drugs blocked naloxone binding in this experiment? What do these results indicate about the brain receptors for naloxone?
Morphine, methadone, and levorphanol can block naloxone binding. Naloxone is an opioid drug used for reversing various effects like excessive sleeping, slow breathing, etc.
What is naloxone?The effects of opioid drugs, such as excessive sleepiness, slowing breathing, or loss of consciousness, are blocked or reversed by naloxone. A narcotic is another name for an opioid.
In an emergency, naloxone is used to treat a kid or adult who may have overdosed on opioids. In the event of an overdose, naloxone should not be administered in place of immediate medical attention.
An opioid overdose could be treated with naloxone. Symptoms of an opioid overdose might include extreme sleepiness, pin-point pupils, delayed breathing, or no breathing at all.
Therefore, morphine, methadone, and levorphanol can block naloxone binding.
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__________ is a mechanism in which chemicals attached to the genes can turn gene expression on or off, based on input from other genes or from the environment.
Epigenesis is a mechanism in which chemicals attached to the genes can turn gene expression on or off, based on input from other genes or from the environment.
Genes are the hereditary unit that are passed on from one generation to another. They contain the information for a trait to be encoded by the formation of protein. The genes are present on the chromosomes. Genes can be of varying sizes and numbers in each species.
Epigenesis is the process of changes in the genes due to certain environmental influences. These changes are not heritable. Epigenesis controls the expression of the genes, it can turn off or on the expression of genes.
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Which one of these are possible results?
Group of answer choices
Seeing the flowers on a plant
Counting the leaves on a plant
The actual number of new leaves on a plant
How much sunlight you put the plant in
How often you watered the plant
Seeing the pretty leaves on a plant
Please answer QUICKLY!!
A possible result would be the actual number of new leaves on a plant.
What are results?
Results are the outcome of investigations.
Results are unique from observation. Observations are the information we sense from a phenomenon. Results, on the other hand, are the information that we observed and recorded.
Going by these definitions:
Seeing the flowers on a plant will be an observation.
How much sunlight you put the plant in is a variable.
How often you water the plant is also a variable.
Seeing the pretty leaves on a plant is an observation.
The only option that is a result is the actual number of new leaves on a plant.
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What is a volvox colony?How does it survive?
Answer:
Volvox is a genus of green algae. Volvoxes are free-floating single-cellular algae but typically stay together as spherical colonies (or balls) of 500-50,000 cells. They can live in a variety of freshwater habitats, including ponds, pools, and ditches.
Explanation:
Why are mycoplasmas resistant to antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis?
All the mycoplasmas that lack of the cell wall and, therefore, all are inherently resistant to the beta-lactam and antibiotics (e.g., penicillin).
The cell wall is surrounds by the plasma membrane of the plant cells and that provides the tensile strength and the protection against the mechanical and the osmotic stress. It can also be allows cells to develop the turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell that contents against the cell wall. Its main function was to give the cell rigidity, the strength, and the protection against the mechanical stress. for Examples of the organisms with the cell walls are plants, the fungi, protists (particularly molds and algae), and the most of the bacteria (few exceptions are the mycoplasma and the L-form bacteria) have the cell walls
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What is the acid produced by stomach?
Answer:
Hydrochloric acid
Explanation:
Answer:
I think its Hydrochloric Acid
What factors or muscle properties affect the muscle's tension or force production?
The number of engaged muscle fibers and the frequency of brain input to the muscle fibers determine how much tension is generated during a muscular contraction.
What is role of muscle fibers in muscle contraction?Muscle fibers' main function is to regulate the forces that travel through the body.
When shifting from a seated to a standing posture, the quadriceps and gluteus maximus shorten to assist the body resist gravity.
Similar activities can be used to generate force to move a resistance.
The nervous system alters both motor unit recruitment and rate coding to regulate muscular force over the majority of a muscle's operational range.
Therefore, muscle fibers properties affect the muscle's tension or force production.
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