Huntington’s disease (HD) is prevalent South Africa. Most of the families with HD have Dutch or British ancestry, which suggests they inherited the European HD allele. HD is believed to have first arrived in South Africa more than 300 years ago when Dutch colonists settled into the Western Cape in the 1600s. Thus, the prevalence of HD in South Africa is the result of the founder effect.

Mutations in the HTT gene cause Huntington’s disease. The HTT gene provides instructions for making a protein called huntintin. This protein plays a role in nerve cells in the brain. The HTT mutation that causes HD involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat. This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene. In people with HD, the CAG segment is repeated 36 to more than 120 times. An increase in the size of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the huntintin protein. This causes the dysfunction and eventual death of neurons in certain areas of the brain. The more repeats, the more serious the disease is.

HD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. There is both an adult onset (after reproductive age) and a juvenile onset pattern. People with adult onset typically have 40 to 50 repeats, while people with the juvenile form tend to have more than 60 repeats. Individuals who have 27 to 35 repeats do not develop HD, but they are at risk of having children who will develop the disorder. As the gene is passed on to offspring, the size of the repeat may lengthen into the range associated with HD.

Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.


Related Questions

Connell’s results led him to conclude that Chthamalus’ realized niche is smaller than its fundamental niche because of interspecific competition with Balanus. But what if competitive exclusion were not the explanation? What if Chthamalus’ and Balanus’ respective niches were a result of niche differentiation instead? Niche differentiation occurs when two species with overlapping niches change over time in a way that reduces their niche overlap, and thus reduces their competition for resources.

Answers

Answer:

Both realized niche and fundamental niche are similar in size.

Explanation:

If Chthamalus’ and Balanus’ respective niches were a result of niche differentiation so we can say that Chthamalus’ realized niche is not smaller than its fundamental niche. It will be of the same size because of no interspecific competition with Balanus. The whole fundamental niche is considered the niche of the Chthamalus' alone due to no competition with Balanus' for resources present in the ecosystem.

CO2 is made up of what two atoms and what is its common name?

Answers

Answer:

Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

is the cell membrane organelle, cell tissue, organ, organ system organismis

Answers

Answer:

The major levels of organization in the body, from the simplest to the most complex are: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism.

Explanation:

Explain and illustrate using chemical pathways how excessive alcohol intake can lead to; 1.Hypoglycemia

Answers

Answer: Alcohol can influence the blood sugar levels causing hypoglycemia.

Explanation:

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the body experiences low blood sugar levels. Alcohol abuse can be one of the reasons for hypoglycemia. The occasional drinkers are affected negatively by this. It increases the secretion of insulin hormone which is a hormone necessary for keeping a balance of blood sugar levels in the body. The excess secretion of insulin can lead to decrease in blood sugar concentration and resulting in hypoglycemia. This can lead to type 1 diabetes.


If Mary is born with a genetic disease that causes her to have half a heart instead
of a full one. What is the cause of this disorder? Make sure to mention DNA,
RNA, and Proteins.

Answers

the mutation of rna would cause this disorder
The mutation of rna would cause disorder

6. When does the DNA in a cell replicate?
a. before cell division (mitosis or meiosis)
b. during cell division (mitosis or meiosis)
after cell division (mitosis or meiosis)
d. at random times throughout the cell's life cycle

Answers

Answer:

the answer is A before cell division (mitosis or meiosis)

Explanation:

The S phase of a cell cycle occurs during interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, and is responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA. In this way, the genetic material of a cell is doubled before it enters mitosis or meiosis, allowing there to be enough DNA to be split into daughter cells.

Plz I need help I will give you 50 points

Answers

Answer:

what is the name of this website or the book

please tell me

Answer:

ok so lets elimnate we already have tips on how to save thanks to our teacher/classmates and even if we didnt we can look them up and there baiscly all the same thing so A is out. answer B is pretty good so we will wait to the end C is common sense i dont tink it would that because the teacher is giving us 2 months and u pay rent every 1 month so thats out so that leaves u with B and D. i personally i think its D but usally rent stays the same for each month unless the person who  owns building charges u more which they tell you about

Explanation:

Eutrophication is caused by ___


A. Erosion
B. Pollution
C. High winds
D. Ultraviolet rays

Answers

The answer will be erosion

How is ADP
converted to ATP?

Answers

Answer:

ADP is converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group. The conversion takes place in the substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, known as the cytoplasm, or in special energy-producing structures called mitochondria.

Explanation:

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea as hydrogen ions (H ) dissolved in blood plasma

Answers

Answer:

As  bicarbonate ions

Explanation:

Answer:

it a

Explanation:

yw

Chromosomes contain all the genetic ________, all the instructions you need to make a person.

PLEASE HELP ITS BILL NYE VIDEO FILL IN THE BLNK

Answers

Answer:

Could the blank possibly be genetic code? Not really sure, but I think that it makes sense.

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT AND 66 POINTS

A small creek runs through a mature forest, keeping the soil around the creek damp all year. A variety of ferns and several flowering plants thrive in this shady, moist area. Along the higher ground above the creek, many species of flowering plants that need less water grow. If a farmer diverted the creek to water his fields, causing the creek to dry up, what would be the most likely long-term consequence for the ferns and angiosperms in the forest?

The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.
The angiosperms and the ferns would not be affected since their thick, waxy cuticle coverings would protect them from drying out.
The angiosperms would outcompete the ferns since their sperm do not need moist conditions to get to their eggs as ferns do.
The ferns and angiosperms would begin to produce spores instead of seeds since the spores are better able to survive dry conditions.

Answers

Answer:

The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.

Explanation:

Which of the following applications of genetic engineering is preventative and helps
individuals fight infection before its onset?

A)Insulin production
B)Vaccine production
C)Stem cell therapy
D)Gene therapy

Answers

B I think(sorry if you get this wrong)
The answer is B very sure

what is the potential disadvantage of external digestion ​

Answers

This dispersal reduces the likelihood that a sperm will find an egg. Many sperm and eggs die before achieving fertilization. The low success rate of external fertilization puts animals at a reproductive disadvantage compared to internal fertilization.

hi please help i’ll give brainliest thanks

Answers

Answer:

B winter

Explanation:

I hope I helped

Cause if the south is oriented towards the sun that means it's summer and the oppsite of summer is winter

why is sexual reproduction a necessity for sharks

Answers

Answer:

cause they can't asexually reproduce

Explanation:

a shark has to reproduce and is too big of an organism to use asexual reproduction, so there's only one left

Chloroplasts do photosynthesis in which plant structure?
A. stem

B. leaves

C. roots

Answers

The answer will be b

La influencia que tiene la temperatura en la reproducción de los paramecios, en muestras de agua estancada

Answers

Answer:

Para un paramecio la temperatura óptima requerida para llevar a cabo sus funciones metabólicas (incluida la reproducción) se encuentra entre 24 °C y 28 °C

Explanation:

Los paramecios (género Paramecium) son protozoarios, es decir, organismos microscópicos del reino protista. Un paramecio es un organismo unicelular que puede llevar a cabo todas las funciones esenciales de un modo funcionalmente similar a una célula animal. Los paramecios pueden reproducirse tanto de manera sexual como asexual (bipartición). Estos organismos viven en cuerpos de agua dulce rica en nutrientes orgánicos como estanques, charcos, regiones de ríos parcialmente estancadas, etc. En estos ambientes los paramecios se reproducen de un modo óptimo a una temperatura entre 24 °C y 28 °C, donde pueden llegar a dividirse hasta 4 veces al día.

Explain how the release of energy (cooling) affects the speed of the particles in a substance

Answers

Answer: When a substance is heated, it gains thermal energy. Therefore, its particles move faster and its temperature rises. When a substance is cooled, it loses thermal energy, which causes its particles to move more slowly and its temperature to drop.

Explanation:

The accessory organs assist the digestive organs in the chemical digestion of food. An injury to which organ can hamper the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins?

Answers

Answer:

Pancreas

Explanation:

The Pancreas produces enzymes that aid the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Answer:

The answer is Pancreas

Explanation:

It is the banana shaped organ, hope this helps!

What does it mean to ‘translate’ something? What is being translated in protein synthesis?

Answers

Answer:

Answer:

Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA  molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.

For a second i thought you meant to translate something to another language lol.

Question 4

2 pts

The number of chemical industries along Florida's rivers is increasing. What is the most

likely consequence of this increased industrialization?

O a decrease in the amount of water pollution

O an increase in the amount of water available for recreational use

an increase in the destruction of natural food webs

O a decrease int he amount of water needed by industry

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer would be - an increase in the destruction of natural food webs.

Explanation:

Increasing chemical industries near the river cause harmful effects to the environment by various means, including air pollution, dumping untreated chemical or industrial waste, and wastewater in the river. This will lead to a lack of potable water, contamination of the food chain, destruction of biodiversity, and many more.

The destruction of biodiversity can be caused by the increasing the unbridled growth of phytoplankton, eutrophication process that will consume more oxygen and cause algal bloom and decrease the oxygen in the water and destroys the organism and natural food web.

What happens when the sun emits more energy than normal

Answers

Answer: When the Sun emits more amount of energy than normal, "Solar flares and sunspots" occur, increasing temperature of Earth. Explanation: The Earth's temperature is governed by many factors

HOPE THIS HELPS

Which of these is not a human cause of extinction of species?
Choose the correct answer.


A) Clearing of an area for farmland.

B) A dam built in a river for city water usage.

C) Competition for food resources with another native species.

D) The introduction of a new predatory species to an island by boat.

Answers

The answer is A
_____________

The statement that does not represent a human cause of the extinction of species is the competition for food resources with another native species. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

What is species?

Species may be characterized as a group or collection of organisms that can significantly reproduce with one another in nature in order to produce fertile offspring. The process of speciation is generally mediated through the species.

In the present time, the human causes of the extinction of species are majorly popular. It includes the clearance of an area for farmland and industrialization, the building of a dam for city water utilization, the introduction of a new predatory species to an island by boat, and many more.

But the process of competition for food resources with another native species is ultimately the behavior governed by the respective species itself without the interference of humans.

Therefore, the statement that does not represent a human cause of the extinction of species is the competition for food resources with another native species. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

To learn more about Species extinction, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/1027555

#SPJ6

In a population of 100 people, 30 have brown hair and 70 have black hair. What is the Relative Frequency for Black hair?

Answers

Answer:

0.7

Explanation:

Given that in statistics, the Relative Frequency is the Frequency of the class divided by Total.

Hence, in this case, the Relative Frequency of black hair is the Frequency of black hair divided by the Total.

Hence, we have 70 ÷ 100

=> 0.7

Therefore, the correct answer is 0.7 Relative frequency.

Explain why some of your arterioles dilate while others construct during exercise.

Answers

Answer:

It looks at the role of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, a chemical that can be released by red blood cells and is believed to cause blood vessels to dilate during exercise, when muscles demand more oxygen.

Explanation:

Hope this helped Mark BRAINLIEST!!!

what reactant molecules are needed for photosynthesis?​

Answers

Answer:

The photosynthesis chemical equation states that the reactants (carbon dioxide, water and sunlight), yield two products, glucose and oxygen gas.

Answer:Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants .

Explanation:

After the process is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules

Lyme disease, rabies, and malaria are mostly spread bya.bites from animals, such as dogs and mosquitoes.b.contaminated foods, like chicken and beef.c.contaminated objects, like doorknobs.d.indirect contact with an infected person.____6.Many pathogens are kept out of the body by thea.immune system.b.inflammation response.c.lymphatic system.d.skin. ____7.Your body's first line of defense against infectious disease includesa.skin, mucous membranes, saliva, and tears.b.phagocytes, lymphocytes, and pus.c.T cells, B cells, and antibodies.d.the lymphatic system, immune system, and inflammation response.____8.The body's second line of defense against pathogens isa.a vaccine.b.immunity.c.inflammation.d.the skin.____9.The body's third and most sophisticated line of defense against pathogens isa.a vaccination.b.inflammation.c.the immune system.d.the skin.____10.What produces active immunity

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

6. Lyme disease, rabies, and malaria are mostly spread by bites from animals, such as dogs and mosquitoes.

7. Your body's first line of defense against infectious disease includes skin, mucous membranes, saliva, and tears.

8. The body's second line of defense against pathogens is Immunity.

9. .The body's third and most sophisticated line of defense against pathogens is a vaccination.

10.

1. What is the relationship between an individual and a community?
2. What characteristics define a population?
3. Why is the distinction between a community and an ecosystem important to ecologists?
4. Define species.
5. What is an ecosystem?
6. Define population. How is a population different from a community?

Answers

Explanation:

1.) The relationship between an individual and a community is very close. Essentially, "society" is the regularities, customs, and ground rules of anti-human behaviour.2.) The number of people who live in a particular area, region, City, or country.4.) A group of plants and animals that are all the same and that can breed together.5.) All the plants and animals in a particular area consisted together with their surroundings.6.) A population is a group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another. A communist is all of the population of different spices that live in the same area and interact with one another. A communist is composed of all of the biotic factors of the area.

You list three places/examples of how ATP is used

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Answer: places- ATP hydrolysis provides the energy needed for many essential processes in organisms and cells. These include intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, active transport, and muscle contraction. examples-  ATP is used to build large molecules such as proteins, to temporarily store energy in the form of fat, and to allow for all types of cellular transport. brainliest

Explanation:

Other Questions
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