Proteins are an important class of molecules that carry out most of the work inside cells. The building blocks of proteins are smaller organic molecules called amino acids. Most organisms, including humans, use only 20 different amino acids to assemble the vast multitude of proteins needed to build and run a cell.
To build proteins, cells use a complex assembly of molecules called a ribosome. The ribosome assembles amino acids into the proper order and links them together via peptide bonds. This process, known as translation, creates a long string of amino acids called a polypeptide chain.
After the polypeptide chain is synthesized, it will sometimes undergo additional processing. For example, some proteins will have certain amino acids removed. Or extra molecules such as sugars or phosphates may be attached to some of the amino acids in a protein.
Answer:
proteins are made of large numbers of amino acids joined end to end. The chains fold up to form 3d molecules with complex shapes - you could think of it as origami with very long and thin piece of paper
Let’s think about mutations in the context of selection and evolution. Normally, random mutations are very rare, but this process can be accelerated by using DNA damaging agents. Imagine you are working with yeast. Normally, high levels of salt kill yeast. However, you are conducting a random genetic screen to find salt-tolerant mutants. You use a DNA damaging agent (like EMS, or UV light) to damage the yeast DNA, then look for growth on plates with salt.
a. Does putting the yeast on salt cause the beneficial mutation? Why or why not?
b. If you screened your mutagenized yeast cell population on caffeine (another substance that normally kills them), could you find caffeine tolerant ones? (assume there is the potential for genetic resistance to caffeine).
a. Does putting the yeast on salt cause the beneficial mutation? Why or why not?
When the logarithmic growth of cells is interrupted by exposure to a 0.5 to 2 Molar salt solution the aueous solution consisting of KCl, NH4Cl, NaCl, MgCl2 are basically mutagenic in yeast .
Stationary phase cells are not mutated by the treatment.
b. If you screened your mutagenized yeast cell population on caffeine (another substance that normally kills them), could you find caffeine tolerant ones? (assume there is the potential for genetic resistance to caffeine).
For normal tolerance to caffiene the sty1 and pap 1 pathways are not necessary, but generally only sty1 is activated by mutation hence making yeast sensitive for caffiene.
If a DNA sequence it GAATGCCT, what are the matching base pairs?
Answer:
CTTACGGA
Explanation:
Select an organism of your interest! Research to see if that organism undergoes asexual or sexual reproduction. Describe why that type of reproduction is advantageous for your organism.
Answer:
Many fungi and plants reproduce asexually. Some plants have specialized structures for reproduction via fragmentation.
Explanation:
This allows them to adjust to conditions in the environment. They can spread quickly through asexual reproduction when conditions are stable. They can increase their genetic variation through sexual reproduction when conditions are changing and variation may help them survive.
Reproduction is a method by which the genetic material from the parent is transferred to offspring and in this way the character and traits are passed from generations.
I will select plants for my research purpose.
Plants are species that reproduce sexually. They have male and female organs that produce cells for reproductions. They sexually reproduce through the process of pollination.
This method of reproduction helps in genetic variation and in forming recombinant species that are more variant.
This variation helps the plant species to survive better compared to less competent species.
Sexual reproduction is beneficial for plants as it increases varieties and helps plants in fighting against a common population disease.
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