How did the Lowell factory change the way women worked in Massachusetts?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Beginning in 1823, with the opening of Lowell's first factory, large numbers of young women moved to the growing city. In the mills, female workers faced long hours of toil and often grueling working conditions. Yet many female textile workers saved money and gained a measure of economic independence. The Lowell mills were the first hint of the industrial revolution to come in the United States, and with their success came two different views of the factories. For many of the mill girls, employment brought a sense of freedom.

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Answer 2

Answer: In 1834, when their bosses decided to cut their wages, the mill girls had enough: They organized and fought back. The mill girls "turned out"—in other words, went on strike—to protest. They marched to several mills to encourage others to join them, gathered at an outdoor rally and signed a petition saying, "We will not go back into the mills to work unless our wages are continued."

No one had ever seen anything like this. But if the mill girls were exuberant, managers and owners were horrified. "An amizonian [sic] display," one fumed. "A spirit of evil omen has prevailed." And they determined to crack down on the mill girls.

A showdown came and the bosses won. Management had enough power and resources to crush the strike. Within a week, the mills were operating nearly at full capacity. A second strike in 1836—also sparked by wage cuts—was better organized and made a bigger dent in the mills' operation. But in the end, the results were the same.

Those were hard defeats, but the mill girls refused to give up. In the 1840s, they shifted to a different strategy: political action. They organized the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association to press for reducing the workday to 10 hours. Women couldn't vote in Massachusetts or anywhere else in the country, but that didn't stop the mill girls. They organized huge petition campaigns—2,000 signers on an 1845 petition and more than double that on a petition the following year—asking the Massachusetts state legislature to cap the work day in the mills at 10 hours.

They didn't stop there. They organized chapters in other mill towns in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. They published "Factory Tracts" to expose the wretched conditions in the mills. They testified before a state legislative committee.

What's more, they campaigned against a state representative who was one of their strongest opponents and handily defeated him.

So what did the Lowell mill girls really win? In the short term, not much. That's how it often is with the first pioneers in social justice movements. Both of their strikes were crushed. And the only victory they won in their 10-hour workday campaign was pretty hollow. In 1847, New Hampshire became the first state to pass a 10-hour workday law—but it wasn't enforceable.

That was in the short term. But in the long term, the Lowell mill girls started something that transformed this country. No one told them how to do it. But they showed that working women didn't have to put up with injustice in the workplace. They got fed up, joined together, supported each other and fought for what they knew was right.

One of the mill girls put it this way: "They have at last learnt the lesson which a bitter experience teaches, not to those who style themselves their 'natural protectors' are they to look for the needful help, but to the strong and resolute of their own sex."

Today, millions of women in unions who teach our kids, fight our fires, build our homes and nurse us back to health owe a debt to the Lowell mill girls. They taught America a powerful lesson about ordinary women doing extraordinary things.

Extra  

Foner, Philip S. (editor), The Factory Girls. University of Illinois Press, 1977. Howe, Daniel Walker, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1845.Oxford University Press, 2009. Eisler, Benita, The Lowell Offering: Writings by New England Mill Women, 1840-1845. J.B. Lippincott, 1977. Dublin, Thomas, "The Lowell Mills and the Countryside: The Social Origins of Women Factory Workers, 1830-1850," in Weible, Robert; Ford, Oliver; and Marion, Paul (editors), Essays from the Lowell Conference on Industrial History, 1980 and 1981. Lowell Conference on Industrial History, 1981.


Related Questions

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11. As World War II was ending, the United States decided to join the United Nations mainly because the United States (5.2) A sought to meet the American public's overwhelming demand for free- trade agreements B wanted to continue to play the same role it had in the League of Nations C recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required United States involvement D wanted to stop the growing influence of newly independent developing nations _​

Answers

Answer:

c recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required that efforts to achieve world peace

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The 262 pilots claimed a total of _______ allied kills ??????

Answers

Answer:

542 Allied kills

Explanation:

Me 262 pilots claimed a total of 542 Allied kills (although higher claims are sometimes made). The Allies countered its potential effectiveness in the air by attacking the aircraft on the ground and while taking off or landing.

Which amendment states that citizens have a right to a jury trial in civil cases where the value of the case exceeds $20?

Answers

answer

the answer is 10 dolaars\

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is the 7th

Explanation:

I just took the test and got it right, hope this helps :)

What was true about the Russian Revolution?
A. It caused a fear of foreign influence in the United States.
B. It resulted in a world financial crisis.
C. It caused a decrease in immigration to the United States.
D. It restored a monarchy.

Answers

Answer:

A. It caused a fear of foreign influence in the United States

Explanation:

just took the test, hope this helps :))

The true about the Russian Revolution is  caused a fear of foreign influence in the United States Option(a) is correct.

What was Russian Revolution?

The Russian Revolution was a time of political and social revolution that occurred in the previous Russian Empire which started during the First World War.

This period saw Russia cancel its government and take on a communist type of government following two progressive revolutions and a horrendous nationwide conflict. Because of these turns of events, grassroots local area congregations (called Soviets) were framed. These Soviets were driven by officers and metropolitan modern proletarians, as well as provincial ranchers.

The Soviets at first allowed the new Provisional Government to manage, but the Soviets demanded a right (honor) to impact the public authority and to control different volunteer armies. By March, Russia was secured in a double power as neither one of the legislatures trusted the other. The Provisional Government held state power in regions like military and foreign relations, though the organization of Soviets held more power concerning homegrown undertakings. Basically, the Soviets held the loyalty of the common laborers, as well as the developing metropolitan working class.

Therefore Option(a) is correct.

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When and where was the first production of the play Hamlet?

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1609 in the Globe Theater

to coom or not to coom that is the question

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Answer:

preach it pooh

Explanation:

what did the radicals in the French Revolution support

Answers

Answer:

The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who met his death by guillotine, as did his wife Marie Antoinette. Although it failed to achieve all of its goals and at times degenerated into a chaotic bloodbath, the French Revolution played a critical role in shaping modern nations by showing the world the power inherent in the will of the people.

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All of the following are career pathways in the Education and Trainin Career
Cluster except.
A. Human Resources Management.
B. Administration and Administrative Support.
C. Teaching/Training.
D. Professional Support Services.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

A. Human Resources Management

the other 3 require some knowledge of education.

2. What group challenged the Duma, leading to anarchy?

Answers

Answer:

Russian

Explanation:

As you watch this video think about the impact that each of these people have had on your life?

Video name : Black Excellist: 10 Great African Americans - Ali Edition (Part 1 of 4)

plssss helpppp

Answers

Throughout the video I can infer that the impact that each of these people have had on my life can be associated with the equality we have today. Their self sacrifice, determination and willpower against the odds has affected the way we believe people should be treated regardless of skin color even to this day. Specifically, Muhammad Ali paved the way for colored athletes to speak their mind and oppose to what they believed was wrong by revoking the draft of 1967. To this day, he is seen as one of the most iconic pioneers and is long respected even after his death due to his beliefs and determination.

Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott were both
A. military commanders in the Mexican-American War.
B. successful candidates for the US presidency.
C. veterans of the War of 1812 who became vice presidents
D. Democrats who faced off against Whig candidates

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Both led troops US troops in the Mexican-American War. land in the Southwest. their families lived in Mexico and the US.

The two greatest heroes of the Mexican-American War, Generals Zachary Taylor, and Winfield Scott, respectively, were Grant's and Lee's mentors.

Thus, Option A is correct.

What can you tell us about Winfield Scott and Zachary?

Zachary Taylor (1784–1855) served in the military for around 40 years, leading forces in the Second Seminole War, the Black Hawk War, and the War of 1812. (1835-1842).

By fighting in the Mexican Military, which broke out in 1846 as a result of the acquisition of Texas by the United States, he attained the status of a true war hero.

Scott defeated Edmund P. Gaines for the job of Commanding General of the United States Army in 1841. Scott was demoted to an administrative position with the start of the Mexican-American War in 1846, but in 1847 he oversaw a campaign against Mexico City, the nation's capital.

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How did President Reagan respond to the bombing of U.S. Marine barracks in Lebanon?

Answers

Answer:

he described it as a despicable act and pledged to keep a military force in Lebanon

Paragraph of causes of February revolition

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However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution–the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917–was Russia's disastrous involvement in World War I. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or “council,” of workers' committees, following the model devised during the Revolution of 1905

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However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution–the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917–was Russia's disastrous involvement in World War I. ... Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or “council,” of workers' committees, following the model devised during the Revolution of 1905.

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What was the "Holy Place" Ibn al-Athir was referring to?

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Church

Ibn al-Athir was refering the Holy place as church or as God

can someone please help me​

Answers

Answer:

The Zimmerman Telegram was the final straw. President Woodrow Wilson gave a speech to Congress on April 2, 1917 asking for them to declare war on Germany. In his speech he said that the U.S. would go to war to "fight for the ultimate peace of the world." On April 6, 1917 the U.S. officially declared war on Germany.

Explanation:

Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, an act the German government expected would likely lead to war with the U.S. Zimmermann hoped tensions with Mexico would slow shipments of supplies, munitions, and troops to the Allies if the U.S. was tied down on its southern

What statement best describes the rule of Japanese emperors?
A
Japanese emperors controlled the central government, local government and the
military.
B
Japanese emperors picked the daiymo and the shogun, and rented land to
peasants.
с
Japanese emperors were the heads of the central government but their power
was limited due to the feudal system.
D
Japanese emperors were more powerful than Chinese emperors.

Answers

Answer: I think its c

The statement that best describes the rule of Japanese emperors is that the Japanese emperors were the heads of the central government but their power

was limited due to the feudal system.

The shoguns of medieval Japan was that the military dictators who ruled the country uses the feudal system to govern where a vassal's military service and loyalty was given in return for a lord's patronage

The term shogun was used in various titles given to military commanders commissioned for the imperial government’s 8th- and 9th-century in Japan.

The shogunate was under the control of the emperor.

Conclusively, the shogun’s authority was reduced to control of the military forces of the country, but the increasingly feudal character of Japanese society created a situation.

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Answers

Picture is solid white for me.

Answer:

Romen empire weakened

Romen empire falls

last, is Justinian became emperor

and constauction of constantinople began

Explanation:

so first the Romen empire was weakened then it fell and the byzantines came up after the Romens and Constantinople was thier capital so the order would be

Romen empire weakened

Romen empire falls

last, is Justinian became emperor

and constauction of constantinople began

I got some info from this site

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Answers

Answer: slavery

Explanation:

What did the government do to rehabilitate the Jews after the holocaust?

Answers

Answer:

they were given reparations

Answer:

The Holocaust had a deep effect on society both in Europe and the rest of the world, and today its consequences are still being felt both by children and adults whose ancestors were victims of this genocide.

Explanation:

How Hindus and Buddhists beliefs about reincarnation and how one should live?

Answers

Answer:

Hinduism views the reaching of Nirvana as having good karma and dharma in your previous lives (Sullivan, par. 1), while Buddhism holds that once you realize that life is suffering, you can end the suffering (Bhikshu, par. 6). Reincarnation is where the two religions differ the most in regards to the afterlife.

Explanation:

Cause
Unemployment and poverty
Cause:

Effect
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Answers

Sure farm prices are

what were the four main advantages of using African as slaves ?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Wakanda (/wəˈkændə, -ˈkɑːn-/) is a fictional country appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.[2] It is located in sub-Saharan Africa, and is home to the superhero Black Panther.

Answer:

Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in much of the rest of the ancient world.[1] When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade and Atlantic slave trade (which started in the 16th century)[2] began, many of the pre-existing local African slave systems began supplying captives for slave markets outside Africa.[3][4]

The main slave routes in medieval Africa

A Zanj slave gang in Zanzibar (1889)

Slavery in historical Africa was practised in many different forms: Debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, and criminal slavery were all practised in various parts of Africa.[5] Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.[6] Plantation slavery also occurred, primarily on the eastern coast of Africa and in parts of West Africa.[7] The importance of domestic plantation slavery increased during the 19th century, due to the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade.[8] Many African states dependent on the international slave trade reoriented their economies towards legitimate commerce worked by slave labor.

Explanation:

hope it will helps you

Why might it be important to have fast, reliable transportation between Manchester and Liverpool?

Answers

Answer:

It might've been important to have fast, raliable transportation between these two town so as to quickly get goods exported. Since Manchester is a cotton producing city and liverpool a thriving port, it is especially important to get these goods ready for export. Railroad were important to get the transport of goods to be sold. For example, in North America, a relativley large country, railroads were nessasary to maximize the domestic distribution of goods.

Assess to what extent Vladmir Lenin was significant to Russia’s change from a Tsarist regime to Communism

Answers

Answer:

Rasputin

Explanation:

the Romanov were the last tsar family of Russia. Nickolas 2 was considered a weak leader. it was widely considered because of his relationship with Rasputin. Rasputin was considered a holy figure after he "cured" his son of his debilitating illness. after orders from Lenin, the communist party staged a cue. They kidnapped the Romanov and hid them in a secret location where they were executed.

Explain Kennan's policy of containment. How did it apply to the Cold War?

Answers

Answer:

“containment” policy: A military strategy to stop enemy expansion. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Explanation:

As a component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to the Soviet Union's move to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente (relaxation of relations) and rollback (actively replacing a regime).

с
Question 8 of 55 -
USHC 5 of 8 (20-
From 1900 to 1915, what was a basic goal of the United States' foreign policy?
Promote the United States' influence in Latin America and the Pacific
Oppose revolutionary movements in Western Europe
Develop close economic ties with African nations
Prevent the spread of communism in Western Europe and Asia

Answers

Answer:

Having a strong military to achieve foreign policy

Identify whether these Amendments to the U.S. Constitution changed the structure of the Federal government, altered the personal rights of citizens,
or expanded voting rights.

ITEM BANK: Move to Bottom
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
21st Amendment
22nd Amendment
24th Amendment
25th Amendment
26th Amendment
27th Amendment

Government Structure
Personal Rights
Voting Rights

Answers

Answer:

I am pretty sure its the 19th

Explanation:

Because..The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.

Which of the following best describes the
status of the Federalist Party during the
Monroe years?
A. almost nonexistent
B. somewhat influential
C. very influential

Answers

Answer:

A. almost non-existent

Explanation:

the status of the federalist party during the monroe years is almost non-existent

how started racism and how stop it and why

Answers

Racism hasnt stopped and most likely will not be stopped because of all the little kids thinking its okay to discrimate against someone for the color of their skin, their religion, their race, etc. Racism most likely began during slavery, but who knows its been around for ages.‍♀️

Answer:

Rascim is a very bad thing it wont stop, it has been going on for years. We should stop it by protesting and spreading the word. We really need to stop it because no one is different but people treat us like we are.

Explanation:

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