for the problem listed in part b), what is the sodium carbonate concentration when the solution is prepared. g

OTs is a functional group formed by losing hydrogen of p-toluene sulphonic acid. This is a good leaving group, because of the presence of a stable resonance structure.

Here when CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OTs reacts with NaBr, a substitution reaction happens. The OTs group is substituted by Br and tosylate is released. DMF or dimethyl formamide used as solvent in such reactions. The main reaction of substitution of bromine to tosylate group is that the conjugate base is quite stable because of the three resonance structures.

Alcohols usually are not prone to substitution reactions. So it is converted to a tosyl or mesyl substitute, so that it is easier to convert it into an alkyl halide. The main benefit of such reactions is that it can be carried out without drastic pH conditions.

So, tosylate acts as a good leaving group in halide substitution reactions.

For more information about substitution reaction on alcohols, kindly refer

https://brainly.com/question/29697459

#SPJ4

Answer:

The surface area of a shot piece of zinc would be 4.01 cm2, while the surface area of a zinc granule would be 0.30 cm2. To calculate the surface area of a cylinder, you would use the formula 2(pi)r2 + 2(pi)rh, where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is its height. For a shot piece of zinc, with a diameter of 7.5 mm and a height of 2.0 mm, the radius is 3.75 mm and the surface area is 4.01 cm2. For a zinc granule, with a diameter of .84 mm, the radius is .42 mm and the surface area is 0.30 cm2.

The engineers do next to find out if the sole of the shoe can be redesigned. Therefore, option B is correct.

The trial experiment is defined as the application of the research product to a specific population before it is introduced to the market.

The effect of the research to the greater percentage of the subject made the product to the market.

The engineering shoe product was only effective for a small percentage of the population, making it less effective. It has been discovered that the knee problem is related to the shoe sole.

Thus, option B is correct.

To learn more about the trial experiment, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/2029264

#SPJ1

Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was

A group of engineers has just conducted an experimental trial on a shoe

designed to help people suffering from a painful foot disorder. During the trial,

the shoe proved effective for only 5% of the test subjects. What should the

engineers do next?

A. Use a cheaper material to make the shoe more profitable.

O

B. Find out if the sole of the shoe can be redesigned

O

C. Begin to market this new shoe to patients and doctors.

D. Conduct the test again.

The rank order of acidity is para nitro phenol > meta nitro phenol > phenol > Para amino phenol.

The nitro group is a powerful electron withdrawing group. As a result, by removing electron density from the carboxylate ion, it increases the acidity of benzoic acid. This effect is strongest when the nitro group is in the ortho position (the effect is known as ortho effect).

The chemical structure of an acid can be used to predict its relative strength. An acid is generally stronger when the H-A bond is more polar. When the H-A bond is weaker and the conjugate base, A, is more stable, acidity increases.

Thus, The rank order of acidity is para nitro phenol > meta nitro phenol > phenol > Para amino phenol.

To learn more about acidity order, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/9423359

#SPJ1

When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize choose clutter only keep items in the hood if they are being used for choose the current experiment do not choose store chemicals in the fume hood unless instructed to do so.

When you are not working in the hood, keep the sash closed. Maintain a safe distance between your face and the fume hood. Unless you're utilizing a walk-in fume hood, the only part of your body within the hood should be your hands. The sash serves as a barrier and provides protection while performing dangerous work.

Use at least 6 inches of space inside the fume hood behind the sash plane. As stated by industry standards such as ANSI/AIHA Z9, this is vital for safety as a good working practice. This means that no equipment in the fume hood should come into contact with the front airfoil of the work surface.

For more information on fume hood kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/29582094

#SPJ4

A chemical reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with other nitrogen compounds which form sulfuric acid (H2SO4), will fall to the earth as acid rain.

Acid rain is any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere. This can include rain, snow, fog, or even acidic dust.  

Acid rain results from SO2 and NOx which react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.  These mix with water and other materials in the air before falling to the ground.

The chemical reaction of acid rain is as follows.

[tex]SO_{3} + H_{2} O -- > H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] (sulfuric acid)

[tex]NO_{x} + H_{2} O -- > 2HNO_{3}[/tex] (nitric acid)

A source of SO2 and NOx that cause acid rain comes from burning fossil fuels, vehicles, manufacturing, and volcanoes.

Thus, acid rain can happen as there are interactions between SO2 and NOx with water, forming sulfuric or nitric acid.

Learn more about acid rain by clicking this link :

https://brainly.com/question/11543614

#SPJ4

The equilibrium mole fractions {xi} and {yi} of the liquid and vapor phases can be determined using the Raoult's law and the ideal gas law.

Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is equal to the product of its mole fraction and its pure component vapor pressure. P = xi * Pi .The ideal gas law relates the pressure, temperature, and molar amount of a gas. PV = nRT . To determine the equilibrium mole fractions {xi} and {yi} of the liquid and vapor phases, we would need more information about the conditions T and P, such as the pressure, temperature and the vapor pressures of each component at the given temperature. Also the vapor pressures of each component at the given temperature are needed. It's also important to note that the vapor pressures of each component at the given temperature are needed. With the vapor pressures and the mole fractions, we can use the Raoult's law to find the vapor pressures of each component, and use the ideal gas law to find the mole fractions {yi} in the vapor phase. And then by using the mole fractions in vapor and liquid phases, the mole fractions of the liquid phase {xi} can be calculated.

Learn more about mole fractions  here:

https://brainly.com/question/29367909

#SP4

(B)Y−(aq). based on the information given above,   the following is the strongest acid The Y- (aq) symbol represents aqueous Yions. In aqueous solutions, Yions are hydrated ions.

meaning they are surrounded by water molecules. Aqueous solutions are solutions in which water is the solvent, and the solute is a compound that is dissolved in the water. In the case of Y-, the solute is Y ions. Y can be a variety of elements, including but not limited to metals, non-metals, and metalloids. The properties of Y- (aq) will depend on the identity of Y, as well as the concentration of the ions in the solution. For example, highly concentrated solutions of Y- (aq) can be acidic, while dilute solutions may be neutral. Aqueous solutions of Y- (aq) play a crucial role in many natural and industrial processes, such as biochemical reactions, electrochemical processes, and in the production of fertilizers and batteries.

learn more about  water here:

https://brainly.com/question/28465561

#SPJ4

The exact values and conversion factors are kcal > 103 cal/ 1 kcal > cal > 4.184 J/ 1 cal > J for each step.

A ratio written as a proportion that equals one is referred to as a conversion factor. In order to have identical measurements represented in new units when we apply calculations to transform units, we multiplied our previous measurement by both the conversion factor.

Showing someone the precise amount you have will be helpful. help with a mathematical equation, especially one involving chemistry where the solution can be found by following the units. Indicate the person's preferred system of measurement. Molarity is the unit of quantifiable concentration measurement that chemists utilize the most.

To know more about conversion factors visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28366871

#SPJ4

The graphic would have a similar plot of a 1.0-g sample of compound 2 appear because compound 2 has a higher molecular weight than compound 1.

The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas.

The ideal gas law is written in an empirical form:

PV = nRT -> V = nRT/P -> V = (nR/P) x T

Pressure is constant, so it is only dependent on moles.

since compound 2 has a greater mass, it will also have a smaller number of moles, which means the slope will be smaller and located below the compound.

Read more about pressure:

https://brainly.com/question/28012687

#SPJ4

(a) Chromium in the compound Cr(H2O)62 has 6d electrons.

(b) Manganese in the compound [Mn(CN)6]^2- has 5d electrons.

(c) Ruthenium in the compound [Ru(NO)(en)2Cl]Br has 8 d electrons.

(d) Ruthenium in the compound [Ru(NH3)5Cl]SO4 has 8 d electrons.

(e) Osmium in the compound Na2[Os(CN)6] has 8 d electrons.

(f) Cobalt in the compound [Co(NH3)4CO3I] has 9 d electrons.

Chromium in the compound Cr(H2O)62 has 6d electrons. Chromium is a transition metal, and it is in the +3 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Cr in the +3 state is [Ar] 3d3. This means that the 3d sub-shell of the Chromium atom is occupied by 3 electrons, and the remaining 3 electrons are present in the 4s sub-shell.

Manganese in the compound [Mn(CN)6]^2- has 5d electrons. Manganese is a transition metal, and it is in the +2 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Mn in the +2 state is [Ar] 3d5. This means that the 3d sub-shell of the Manganese atom is occupied by 5 electrons, and the remaining 2 electrons are present in the 4s sub-shell.

Ruthenium in the compound [Ru(NO)(en)2Cl]Br has 8d electrons. Ruthenium is a transition metal, and it is in the +3 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Ru in the +3 state is [Kr] 4d8. This means that the 4d sub-shell of the Ruthenium atom is occupied by 8 electrons.

Ruthenium in the compound [Ru(NH3)5Cl]SO4 has 8 d electrons. Ruthenium is a transition metal, and it is in the +3 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Ru in the +3 state is [Kr] 4d8. This means that the 4d sub-shell of the Ruthenium atom is occupied by 8 electrons.

Osmium in the compound Na2[Os(CN)6] has 8 d electrons. Osmium is a transition metal, and it is in the +4 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Os in the +4 state is [Xe] 4f14 5d8. This means that the 5d sub-shell of the Osmium atom is occupied by 8 electrons.

Cobalt in the compound [Co(NH3)4CO3I] has 9 d electrons. Cobalt is a transition metal, and it is in the +3 oxidation state in this compound. The electronic configuration of Co in the +3 state is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. This means that the 3d sub-shell of the Cobalt atom is occupied by 7 electrons, and the remaining 2 electrons are present in the 4s sub-shell.

Learn more about transition metals here:

https://brainly.com/question/1618364

#SPJ4

A peptide bond is a covalent link produced by one amino acid's carboxyl group (-COOH) and another amino acid's amino group (-NH2). A condensation process.

between the two groups produces a molecule of water (H2O) and a peptide bond (-CO-NH-). The peptide bond has a planar, partial double bond structure. This signifies that the electrons in the bond are distributed evenly across the two atoms, although not all orbitals are involved in bonding. In the creation of polypeptide sequences, the peptide bond is critical. It connects individual amino acids to form a chain of amino acids capable of folding into specified three-dimensional structures. The function of these structures is determined by them.The polypeptide is a kind of protein. The peptide bond also permits the polypeptide to be flexible, which is necessary for its proper activity.The initial amino acid in a peptide is known as the N-terminal (NH2) residue, while the last amino acid is known as the C-termina.

learn more about molecule  here:

https://brainly.com/question/19922822

#SPJ4

Concentration of A to decrease to 1/e (37%) of its initial value is approximately 2.1 seconds. The rate of a second-order reaction is given by the equation: rate = k[A]^2 .

Where k is the rate constant and [A] is the concentration of the reactant. Given that the rate constant is k = and the initial concentration of A is [A]0 = , we can use the above equation to determine the rate of the reaction.

rate = k[A]^2 = ()( )^2

To find out how long it takes for the concentration of A to decrease to 1/e (37%) of its initial value, we can use the following equation:

[A] = [A]0e^(-kt) ,

Where t is the time in seconds.

Given that we want the final concentration of A to be

1/e (37%) of the initial concentration,

we can set up the following equation:

( ) = ( )e^(-kt) ; and solve for

t: t = -(1/k)ln(1/e)

t = -(1/( ))(ln(1/e))

t = -(1/( ))(ln(0.37))N

t = (1/( ))ln(2.70)

t ≈ 2.1 sec

So the time it takes for the concentration of A to decrease to 1/e (37%) of its initial value is approximately 2.1 seconds.

Learn more about rate constant here :

https://brainly.com/question/20305871

#SPJ4

The carbohydrate molecule would have more atoms than the glucose molecule.

We need to know what is a monomer and what is a polymer. It is important to note that the polymer is made from the agglomeration of the small units of the compound that combine together.

We ought to know that glucose is a monomer and that carbohydrate is the polymer. The monomer is composed of a few atoms but there are many more atoms in the polymer as the atoms join together. This is because the carbohydrate is made up of many atoms much more than glucose.

Learn more about polymer:https://brainly.com/question/17354715

#SPJ1

Option (D) is the appropriate response. Three rings make up an atom's diagram, and they are labelled A, B, and C from outside to inside.

Each of the two electrons in A and B. There are 4 protons and 5 neutrons inside ring C. In the atomic model shown below, C is where the strong nuclear force manifests itself.

According to the atomic hypothesis, atoms make up the building blocks of matter. The scientific theory is that of atoms.

As a result of the foregoing conclusion, we can state that a diagram of an atom contains three rings, each of which is designated A, B, and C from outside to inside. Each of the two electrons in A and B. There are 4 protons and 5 neutrons inside ring C.

In the atomic model shown below, C is where the strong nuclear force manifests itself.

Option (D) is the appropriate response, thus.

To learn more about Atomic theory from given link

https://brainly.com/question/16360147

#SPJ1

Differential rate law describes the rate of reaction as a function of reactant concentrations, changing with time. Integrated rate law describes the change in reactant concentration over time and is often used to find the half-life of a reaction.

The term "rate law" is commonly used to refer to the integrated rate law. K in a rate law is the rate constant, a value specific to each reaction that determines the rate of reaction. Orders in a rate law describe the dependency of the reaction rate on the concentration of each reactant, with each reactant having its own order. The overall reaction order is the sum of the individual orders, which can be determined through experiments.

Learn more about rate law here: brainly.com/question/7694417

#SPJ4

Option b is the proper answer. (ch3) In each pair of reactants below, 3n is one of the reactants, and (ch3)3n is the more nucleophilic of the two. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical entity that forms bonds.

letting go of two electrons. All ions and molecules containing at least one pi bond or a free pair of electrons are considered nucleophiles. Because they give up electrons, Lewis bases are nucleophiles. When two or more atoms, molecules, or ions form a chemical connection, also known as chemical bonding, the result is a chemical compound. These chemical bonds are responsible for holding the atoms of the resultant molecule together. A chemical link is an attraction between atoms. This attraction could be attributed to a variety of different behaviours.

Learn more about nucleophile here

https://brainly.com/question/28325919

#SPJ4

Yes, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires firms to keep and maintain records of employee exposure to toxic chemicals.

Toxic chemicals are chemical compounds that are harmful to humans, animals and the environment. They can be found in food, water, air, soil, and consumer products.

Employers must also ensure that these records are made available to workers and their representatives, as well as to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The records must be kept for at least 30 years and must include information such as the names of all employees exposed to the toxic chemicals, the chemicals to which they were exposed, the duration of their exposure, and the results of any tests that have been conducted. Additionally, firms must have a system in place to notify employees of any health risks associated with their exposure to the toxic chemicals.

To learn more about toxic chemical
https://brainly.com/question/20737533
#SPJ1

The mug is filled with warm coffee. As it gently cools, heat is released into the surroundings. The cup, the underneath of the room, and the table this was resting on.

You could use the word "underneath," which is often used to express that something is beneath or covered by another object, in the example of the boxes. You might also say "below," although we generally use that term to refer to objects that belong in the same category.

Because of this, when somebody asks you whether you're wearing anything below your shirt, they're likely referring to the clothing you're wearing on the inside rather than the bottom half, as they would if they used the word under t shirt you wearing.

To know more about underneath visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29138047

#SPJ4

Simply multiplying the oxygen molar mass by two yields the molar mass of oxygen gas.

To learn more about oxygen atoms refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/28009615

#SPJ1

The balanced equation for the important atmospheric reaction depicted below is:

C + O2 -> CO2

This reaction represents the combustion of carbon (C) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2). In this reaction, one molecule of carbon combines with one molecule of oxygen to form one molecule of carbon dioxide. This reaction is important in the atmosphere because it is one of the main ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere and stored in the form of carbon dioxide. This reaction also plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and is a major contributor to climate change.

To learn more about atmospheric reaction:

https://brainly.com/question/23287233

#SPJ4

On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have more than 80 neutrons each

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons or atomic umber, but differing numbers of neutrons. They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even if they have nearly identical chemical properties.

There is no elemental decay in stable isotopes. In contrast, unstable radioactive isotopes, like 14C, will decay into other elements.

Since number of proton and neutron makes the mass number which is 200.59. and number of proton is already 80 hence number of neutron should be above 80 to meet up with the 200.59

Learn more about mass number at:

https://brainly.com/question/28409714

#SPJ1

Answer: 0.889 meters

Explanation:

Noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis can be used to manipulate atypical CH-based hydrogen bonding in a methyltransferase. This procedure includes inserting non-natural amino acids.

might result in changed substrate identification and catalytic efficiency, allowing manipulation of the hydrogen bonding network and the methylation process. Noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis can be utilized to investigate the significance of unusual CH-based hydrogen bonding in methyltransferase activity, perhaps leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.Noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis can be used to manipulate atypical CH-based hydrogen bonding in a methyltransferase. This procedure includes inserting non-natural amino acids.Noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis can be used to manipulate atypical CH-based hydrogen bonding in a methyltransferase. This procedure includes inserting non-natural amino acids.

learn more about amino acid   here:

https://brainly.com/question/28409615

#SPJ4

The right response is a. NaCl will have a lower boiling point than NaF because the coulombic attractions are weaker in NaCl than in NaF

The strength of the intermolecular interactions between a compound's particles determines its boiling point. The intermolecular interactions in an ionic compound like NaCl are electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive cations and the negative anions. The particles in an ionic compound are called ions. The charge of the ions and their separation from one another define the strength of these forces.

The cations in NaCl are Na+, while the anions are Cl-. Na+ has a radius of 76 pm, while Cl- has a radius of 181 pm. The distance between the ions in NaCl is higher than that in NaF, which has smaller ions, since the radius of Cl- is greater than that of Na+. As a result, in comparison to NaF, the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions in NaCl are weaker. This indicates that the boiling point of NaCl is lower than that of NaF because less energy is needed to separate the ions in NaCl.

To learn more about boiling point:

https://brainly.com/question/29233996

#SPJ4

The correct reading of the temperature as shown in the pictured thermometer is 36°C.

A thermometer is basically a device which is used to measure the temperature. In a mercury thermometer, the thermometer is filled up with mercury. Mercury is a metal which is present in liquid state at room temperature. Mercury an expand and contract with the change in temperature.

When the temperature increases, the mercury in the thermometer expands and rises which we can see in the thermometer and take the reading of the temperature against the scale. In the given temperature, we can observe the reading is at the mark just after the 35°C mark on the scale and hence the temperature reading must be 36°C.

To know more about thermometer here

https://brainly.com/question/28027822

#SPJ4

Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms in polar covalent bond.

to learn more about covalent bond from the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/10777799

#SPJ1

Answer:

The mass of the lead in the cylinder would be 24.4 kg. To calculate this, you need to first calculate the volume of the cylinder, using V=pi r2 h. With a diameter of 5 cm, the radius is 2.5 cm, and the height is 172.4 cm. Thus, the volume of the cylinder is 435.3 cm3. Then, to find the mass, you need to multiply the volume by the density of lead, which is 7.37 g/cm3 at 25° C. This gives you a mass of 24.4 kg.

Considering the definition of atomic mass, isotopes and atomic mass of an element, the average atomic mass of magnesium is 24.31 amu.

The number of protons and neutrons determine the mass number of an element.

An isotope is an atom that belongs to the same chemical element as another. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of its natural isotopes.

In other words, the atomic masses of chemical elements are usually calculated as the weighted average of the masses of the different isotopes of each element, taking into account the relative abundance of each of them.

In this case, you know:

The average atomic mass of magnesium is calculated as:

Average atomic mass= 23.99 amu×0.787 + 24.99 amu×0.1013 + 25.98 amu×0.1117

Average atomic mass= 24.31 amu

Finally, the average atomic mass is 24.31 amu.

Learn more about average atomic mass:

brainly.com/question/4923781

brainly.com/question/1826476

brainly.com/question/15230683

brainly.com/question/7955048

#SPJ1