The air pressure in the lungs after expanding the chest cavity by 525 mL will be 0.009 atm.
The air pressure in the lungs can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.If the person's lungs hold 1250 mL of air at a pressure of 1 atm and the person expands the chest cavity by 525 mL while keeping the nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, the new volume of the lungs will be 1250 mL + 525 mL = 1775 mL. Now we can use the ideal gas law to find out the new pressure inside the lungs:
P = (nRT) / V
Where R= 0.0821 Latm/molK
T = 298 K (room temperature)
V = 1775 mL
n is not needed as the number of moles is not given, so we can cancel it out from the equation.
P = (0.0821 * 298) / 1775
P= 0.009 atm
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The air pressure in the lungs after expanding the chest cavity by 525 mL will be 0.009 atm.
The air pressure in the lungs can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
If the person's lungs hold 1250 mL of air at a pressure of 1 atm and the person expands the chest cavity by 525 mL while keeping the nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, the new volume of the lungs will be 1250 mL + 525 mL = 1775 mL.
Now we can use the ideal gas law to find out the new pressure inside the lungs:
P = (nRT) / V
Where R= 0.0821 Latm/molK
T = 298 K (room temperature)
V = 1775 mL
n is not needed as the number of moles is not given, so we can cancel it out from the equation.
P = (0.0821 * 298) / 1775
P= 0.009 atm
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When performing an antibody panel, which one of the following antigens will be destroyed by enzyme treatment?
A) Fya
B) Jka
C) E
D) Lua
Fya is the antigens that will be destroyed by enzyme treatment. Fya and Fyb antigens are destroyed when the red blood cells are treated with applicable attention of the proteolytic enzymes ficin, papain, and α- chymotrypsin.
When used in the recommended fashion, this reagent will beget the cohesion( cementing) of red blood cells carrying the Fya antigen. Enzyme treatment enhances the reactivity of alloantibodies to the Rh and Kidd antigens and antibodies to carbohydrate antigens( ABO, H, I, P, and Lewis). Enzyme treatment most generally destroys reactivity to the MNS and Duffy antigens.
Anti-Fya is the most common Duffy antibody set up most constantly in the serum of Caucasians immunized by blood transfusion. The Fya antigen is about 40 times lower immunogenic than the K antigen of the Kell system.
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Lectin from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus is a source of which of the following?
anti-A1
anti-A2
anti-B
-BB
Lectin from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus is a type of carbohydrate-binding protein that binds to specific sugars on the surface of cells. It is a source of anti-A1 and anti-A2 lectins.
Which are used to detect the presence of A1 and A2 blood types in humans. It is also a source of anti-B lectin, which is used to detect the presence of B blood type in humans.
Additionally, Dolichos biflorus lectin is a source of BB lectin, which is used to detect the presence of the BB blood type in humans. BB lectin is also used to detect the presence of certain bacteria and fungi. Dolichos biflorus lectin is a useful tool for medical diagnostics and research, as it can be used to detect the presence of different blood types and other microorganisms.
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When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the:
pelvic girdle.
spinal column.
thigh muscles.
shoulder girdle.
Shoulder girdle is the first place where the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands being reflected.
What is the shoulder girdle's primary purpose?The arrangement of bones in the axial skeleton that connect to the arm on either side is known as the shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle. The skeletal attachment between the arm and the trunk is maintained by the shoulder girdle, which is constituted of the shoulder blade and the collar bone (clavicle). The shoulder girdle's three joints are engineered to facilitate a broad range of arm movement at the price of stability.
In our body, how many girdles are there?In the human body, girdles exist in two distinct varieties. A pair of shoulder girdles, they are: The pelvic girdle corresponds to the lower limbs what these are known as pectoral girdles.
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what is example of a physical safeguard that individuals can use to protect PII?
PII should be stored in a locked desk, file cabinet, or office that is not accessible, etc.
Administrative safeguards: Policies put in place at the administrative level to protect private information, such as staff training on information handling best practices.
Physical safeguards: Security measures that are put in place on a physical level to protect private data, such as making sure that servers and paper records are protected and under access control.
Technical safeguards: Instruments and practices based on technology that are used to protect sensitive data, such as mandating Common Access Cards for System Access and encrypting computers and emails.
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the term refers to a transport process involving pseudopod formation and amoeboid movement, whereas the term refers to a transport process involving the formation of a furrow or depression in the plasma membrane and the formation of a vesicle.
The term refers to a transport process involving pseudopod formation and amoeboid movement is phagocytosis, whereas endocytosis refers to a transport process involving the formation of a furrow or depression in the plasma membrane and the formation of a vesicle.
Endocytosis аnd phаgocytosis аre two trаnsport mechаnisms thаt tаke mаteriаls into the cell. Phаgocytosis is а form of endocytosis. During both mechаnisms, mаteriаls аre tаken in inside vesicles. These mаteriаls include cell debris, enzymes, deаd cells, pаthogens, hormones, nutrients, etc. The opposite mechаnism of endocytosis is exocytosis, which involves the removаl of mаteriаl from the cell enclosed in vesicles.
The mаin difference between endocytosis аnd phаgocytosis is thаt endocytosis is tаking in of mаtter into а living cell by forming vesicle by the cell membrаne whereаs phаgocytosis is tаking in of lаrge solid mаtter into the cell by forming phаgosomes.
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According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds?
According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above 7 for males and 5 for females.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) is an alcohol screen that can help identify patients who are hazardous drinkers or have active alcohol use disorders (including alcohol abuse or dependence).
In 1989, the World Health Organization (WHO) created the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a quick and easy way to check for risky and harmful drinking. The AUDIT has grown to be the world's most popular alcohol screening test since its launch. Now that the AUDIT has more than a quarter century's worth of validation research and useful applications in a variety of international medical and research settings (Allen, Litten, Fertig, & Babor, 1997; Babor & Robaina, 2016). The AUDIT has recently been modified for use in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014).
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All of the following would likely reduce the severity of inflammation following CFA use EXCEPT:
using multiple smaller volume injection sites instead of fewer larger volume sites.
maintaining sterility of the antigen solution before it is mixed with the adjuvant.
minimizing the mycobacterial concentration.
using a dilute antigen solution to increase the volume of the CFA/antigen mixture.
maintaining sterility of the antigen solution before it is mixed with the adjuvant
maintaining sterility of the antigen solution before it is mixed with the adjuvant, this would not reduce the severity of inflammation following CFA.
adjuvant is defined as the treatment that enhances an existing medical regimen and also maximize the effectiveness, it given after the primary treatment.
CFA is a mineral oil which contain suspension of either whole/pulverized heat killed mycobacteria, which emulsifies with a solution of antigen to form a water in oil emulsion, used for treatments of patients.
There are many other options of tackling with inflammation, it is nonsteroidal drugs or over the counter drugs like aspirin or Advil or naproxen
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Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of the body, from least to most complex?cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of the body, from least to most complexare are cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The cell is the smallest unit that makes up the body of living things which consists of three main parts, namely the cell nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. Inside the cell there is protoplasm which consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. Groups of cells that have the same structure and function form a network. Examples of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue.
An organ is a collection of tissues that have one or more functions Examples of human organs are the heart, liver and lungs. Groups of organs that work together to form a continuous function are called organ systems such as the digestive system. Then the order of complexity of the body from simple to complex, namely cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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which of the following are required for dna replication? 1. dna polymerases 2. dna ligases 3. a template 4. nitrogenous bases. Select one: O a. Choices 1, 2, and 3 are correct O b. Choices 1 and 4 are correct. O c. All choices are correct. O d. Choices 1 and 3 are correct. O e. Choices 2 and 4 are correct
Dna replication are required for polymerase and ligase. It used as a template for assembling a leading strand of reforming and nucleotides a double helix. It is required for the covalent joining of the incoming nucleotide to the primer.
The important properties of DNA replication are the semi-conservative synthesis of the cellular double-stranded to produce two double-stranded daughter molecules. It sustained dna replication which requires many other enzymes and proteins which assemble into a large complex called a replisome.
It occurs in all living organisms acting which is the most essential part for biological inheritance. DNA replication referred to the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Aspirin therapy has been used after _______________ or recurrent _______________ to reduce the risk of recurrence. Aspirin is contraindicated for anyone with _______________ _______________.
Aspirin therapy has been used after myocardial infarction or recurrent ischemic events to reduce the risk of recurrence. Aspirin is contraindicated for anyone with active bleeding.
What is Aspirin therapy?Aspirin therapy is the use of aspirin, a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), to prevent or treat certain medical conditions.
Therefore, One of the main uses of aspirin therapy is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting this enzyme, aspirin can help to prevent the formation of clots in the blood vessels, which can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
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Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of a. acute respiratory distress syndrome. b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. c. asthma. d. cor pulmonale.
Answer:
1mil
Explanastion:
1111
Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? A) decreased temperature B) increased pH C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of DPG E) All of the answers are correct.
None of them are correct for increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues. Declining pH (increase acid) results in the increase of O2 unloading.
Increased peripheral tissue metabolism, such as reduced pH, increased CO2, increased temperature
The term "unloading" describes oxyhemoglobin's removal of oxygen. The oxygen in the red blood cells diffuses out as the blood passes through the capillaries in our metabolizing tissues. Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is reduced by rising temperatures. The affinity declines and hemoglobin unloads as oxyhemoglobin is exposed to hotter conditions in the metabolizing tissues.
An essential tool for understanding how blood carries and releases oxygen is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Hemoglobin, a protein molecule found inside red blood cells, is the primary carrier of oxygen throughout the body. Although just a small fraction of the total oxygen delivered in the bloodstream is dispersed in blood plasma, oxygen can also be transferred throughout the body in this manner. Only 2% of the blood's oxygen is directly dissolved in plasma, as opposed to 98% of the blood's oxygen that is protein-bound to hemoglobin.
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pick two of the organ systems and describe how they would work together to accomplish some activity or function.
cardiovascular and digestive system, are the two-organ system, that can correlate together to function in the body.
organ system includes many organs which is made of variety of tissues.
cardiovascular system is for, is a system that circulates the blood in the body.
it consists of blood, blood vessels like the arteries, veins, capillaries, and heart.
digestive system is a system, wich includes organ that help in breaking down the food and then absorb the essential nutrient, keeping ou the waste.
it includes,mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestine, rectum, and anus.
The cardiovascular and digestive system works in a way where, digestive system takes out the nutrient from the food and circulatory system with blood circulates carbohydrates, amino acid etc to the whole body.
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The body's two organ systems that can work in tandem to operate are the cardiovascular and digestive systems. The organ system consists of several organs made up of a range of tissues.
The cardiovascular system is responsible for moving blood throughout the body. Blood, blood vessels such arteries, veins, and capillaries, and the heart are all part of it. The digestive system is a system of organs that aid in food breakdown and nutritional absorption while eliminating waste. It consists of the anus, rectum, liver, pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, mouth, teeth, and other internal organ systems. The cardiovascular system and digestive system function in a way where the former removes nutrients from food and the latter circulates blood to carry carbs, amino acids, etc. throughout the body.
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When an organism joins a new population, its genes become part of the new population's pool. How does this gene flow affect populations? Question 1 options: Gene flow between populations has no effect on the gene pool. Gene flow between populations increases genetic diversity over time. Gene flow increases the chance for reproductive isolation which can cause new species to form. Gene flow between populations decreases genetic diversity over time.
Whithin a single population, as migration and successfull reproduction occur, Gene flow between populations increases genetic diversity over time. Option B.
What is gene flow?
Gene flow is an evolutive force, together with natural selection and genetic drift.
Gene flow occurs in populations that express migration. This is, individuals from one population migrate to the other and vice versa.
For gene flow to occur, migration is not enough. Successful mating events must also occur, through which individuals from one population get to mate with individuals with the other population, and produce fertile offspring.
This is how the following generations will get genes from both populations.
Gene flow has the opposite effects of genetic drift.
• It increases variability within each population
• It reduces genetic heterogeneity between populations
Different populations experiencing gene flow tend to be more similar genetically because they are interchanging genetic material.
Assuming we are making reference to a single population, the correct option is B) Gene flow between populations increases genetic diversity over time ⇒ within a population.
As new individuals enter the population and reproduce, new genes are part of the population genome, increasing its diversity.
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The ______ produces plasma-membrane-associated proteins, which are then sent to the ______ for sorting and processing.
Plasma-membrane-associated proteins are produced in the rough ER and subsequently transported to the Golgi complex for processing.
What is plasma-membrane?The plasma membrane, also referred to as the cell surface, is a membrane that exists in all cells and separates the cell's internal environment from the outside world. Bacterial or plant cells have a cell wall attached to the cell membrane from the outside. The plasma membrane is referred to as a selectively permeable membrane due to the fact that it regulates how substances enter and leave the cell. It suggests that although the plasma membrane allows some substances to traverse it, it also blocks the passage of others.
How is plasma membrane formed?Between the phospholipid membrane's hydrophobic tails, cholesterol is folded. On the extracellular surface of the membrane, carbohydrates have been discovered to be bound to lipids or proteins, resulting in the production of glycolipids or glycoproteins.
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Changes in the external environment alter the integrator which is detected by the , and that information is sent to the sensor: controlled variable controlled variable: sensor controlled variable: set point set point:controlled variable error signal:controlled variable
Homeostasis is a concept. Changes in the internal or external environment are detected by a sensor or receptor. Peripheral chemoreceptors, for example, detect variations in blood pH.
Receptor — a place within the body that detects or receives stimuli, recognizes deviations from normal, and transmits messages to the control center.
Regulated variables are physiological variables that are kept at a constant level, such as blood glucose or core body temperature. Controlled variables, on the other hand, are the activities or rates of processes that contribute to the stability of regulated variables. A change in the internal or external environment is referred to as a stimulus. A stimulus is detected by a receptor.
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You can recognize digestive enzymes by their: a) size. b) locations. c) pH levels. d) names. d) names (often refers to what it digests).
You can recognize digestive enzymes by their names.
Digestive enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body that break down food molecules into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed and used by the body.
Different types of enzymes have different names, often based on the type of food molecule that they break down, such as amylase for breaking down carbohydrates, lipase for breaking down fats, and protease for breaking down proteins.
While location, pH levels and size can be a characteristic of enzymes, it is not a definitive way to recognize them.
Therefore, one can recognize digestive enzymes by their names (often refers to what it digests).
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Amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and starches are all macromolecules that are found in plants. What is the most likely source of the building blocks of these structures?
A. Organic molecules formed in biochemical pathways like the Calvin Cycle
B. Organic molecules that are consumed by autotrophs
C. Organic molecules formed by the synthesis of polymers
D. Organic molecules synthesized by heterotrophs
Answer:
A. Organic molecules formed in biochemical pathways like the Calvin Cycle
The common bile duct follows a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic head, then pierces the medial wall of the duodenum along with the ____________ through the ampulla of Vater.
The common bile duct pierces the medial wall of the duodenum along with the pancreatic duct through the ampulla of Vater.
he ampulla of Vater is the point at which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct enter the duodenum, and it is located at the major duodenal papilla. The common bile duct follows a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic head, known as the superior pancreaticoduodenal groove, before joining the pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater.The pancreatic duct, also known as the duct of Wirsung, is a tube-like structure that carries enzymes and bicarbonate from the pancreas to the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. It originates in the tail of the pancreas and runs through the pancreas, joining with the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater, which is located at the major duodenal papilla. The bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid, and the enzymes are important for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the small intestine. The duct is lined by cells that secrete a thin layer of bicarbonate-rich fluid, which protects the pancreas and the duct from the acidic secretions of the stomach. Pancreatic duct is essential for the normal function of the pancreas and the digestive system.
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Should a supervisor be willing to accept constructive criticism from an employee they supervise?
A.
Yes, but only if the person being supervised has worked there longer than the supervisor.
B.
Maybe, if the supervisor and the person being supervised have worked together for a long time.
C.
No. It is the supervisor’s job to give constructive criticism, not an employee’s job.
D.
Yes. Giving and receiving constructive criticism can eventually make the workplace more positive.
A key strategy for encouraging your finance and accounting team members to continuously lifting the bar on their performance is constructive criticism, which is defined as courteous.
What is Constructive criticism?Employees in the millennial and generation z generations, in particular, look forward to receiving this type of feedback from managers on a frequent basis in order to advance meaningfully in their careers.
Constructive criticism is difficult to convey effectively, though. Managers have a delicate balance to strike between highlighting the good and guiding staff in how to resolve performance issues.
The fact that various employees react differently to feedback doesn't make the process any simpler. Most workers probably accept such criticism with grace.
Therefore, A key strategy for encouraging your finance and accounting team members to continuously lifting the bar on their performance is constructive criticism, which is defined as courteous.
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Are genetically modified crops more useful than naturally available crops, discuss?
Answer:
In terms of usefulness, yes because genetically modified crops can be modified to grow in a higher abundance, which allows for a much higher yield and sales when you're a farmer. At the same time though these types of crops typically aren't as healthy as Non GMO crops, so, many people make the effort of purchasing Non GMO crops. So yes they are more useful but they aren't as healthy.
Explanation:
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Which condition is evaluated at the G2/M checkpoint?
A.)Precise replication of DNA
B.)Proper spindle formation
C.)Proper spindle assembly
D.)Adequate cell size
Option B, The condition that is evaluated at the G2/M checkpoint is proper spindle formation. the cell will halt the cell cycle and repair the damage before proceeding.
The G2/M checkpoint is a control point in the cell cycle that is responsible for evaluating the conditions that are necessary for the cell to proceed into mitosis. The proper spindle formation apparatus is a structure that forms during interphase and is composed of microtubules that help to separate the chromosomes during cell division. At the G2/M checkpoint, the cell checks that the proper spindle formation apparatus is properly formed and that the chromosomes are properly aligned on it before initiating mitosis. If the proper spindle formation is not properly formed or the chromosomes are not properly aligned, Other condition like precise replication of DNA(A) is evaluated at the G1 checkpoint, proper spindle formation is evaluated at the prophase and Adequate cell size(D) is evaluated at the G2/M checkpoint as well.
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Lung cancer cells do not respond to the signal that regulates the growth of normal lung cells. Which of the following processes is not being appropriately regulated in the cancerous count that allowed for uncontrolled cell growth?
A. The cell cycle
B. Fertilization
C. Meiosis
D. Respiration
Answer:
A. The cell cycle
Explanation:
The process that is not being appropriately regulated in lung cancer cells, allowing for uncontrolled cell growth, is the cell cycle (Option A).
The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). These events can be divided into two main stages: interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (M).
In normal cells, the cell cycle is tightly regulated by a variety of mechanisms that ensure that cells divide only when necessary and that DNA is replicated and divided accurately. Cancer cells, however, lose this regulation, and they can divide and replicate uncontrollably. This uncontrolled cell growth is a key feature of cancer.
Fertilization, meiosis, and respiration are not related to cell growth regulation. Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Meiosis is the process of cell division that leads to the formation of haploid cells. Respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert nutrients into energy.
iam needs a microscope with high enough magnification to observe the bacteria cells he has cultured from sauerkraut. which of these microscopes has just enough magnification to allow viewing of bacteria? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices a light microscope can be used to observe objects larger than 10 micrometers.
I am needs a microscope with high enough magnification to observe the bacteria cells he has cultured from sauerkraut. A light microscope can be used to observe objects larger than 10 micrometers microscopes has just enough magnification to allow viewing of bacteria.
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can achieve resolution greater than 1 nanometer. We need 40x magnification to see mitosis for focusing the microscope with the objective should close enough view of the chromosomes to find each phase.
Fluorescence microscopy type of microscope is best for viewing the phases of mitosis in a cell because it is used for studying many of the key insights into our understanding of mitosis that have been enabled by the visualization process using fluorescence microscope
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nts
am Proctor
Question 2
Animals have albinism if they are unable to produce the molecule melanin. The protein responsible
for making melanin is tyrosinase.
If this is the normal sequence for a section of the mRNA transcript for tyrosinase:
GCUGAUAGUCCU
And a rat has this version of the sequence:
GUGAUAGUCCU
Is this rat likely to have albinism? How do you know?
Second letter
First letter
U
с
A
UUC.
UUG}Leu
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
UCU
Phe
UCC
Leu
AUU
AUC lle
AUA
с
UCA
UCG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
ACU
ACC
ACA
AUG Met ACG
GUU
GCU
Pro
UACJ
Ser
Thr
A
UAU Tyr UGC Cys
UAA Stop UGA Stop
UAG Stop UGG Trp
G
CAUT
CACJ
CGU
His
CGC
CAGGIn CGG
AAU
Asn
Arg
AGC Ser
AAGLYS AGG Arg
GAUR GGU
UCAG
DUA DUA D
10 pts
Third letter
Albinism is the result of cells that can't produce melanin, the pigment needed to color skin, scales, eyes and hair.
What hormone causes albinism?Albino people can have very little melanin or no melanin at all. Their coloration and vision may be impacted by this. Albinos typically have white or extremely light blonde hair, while some also have brown or ginger hair. How much melanin their body generates determines the specific colour.
Despite producing their own melanin, animals are unable to produce a large number of other colours. Although plants can create a variety of pigments, many animals get their colour from the food they consume. Many birds' striking colours don't come from the birds themselves; rather, it comes from the food they consume.
Melanin is created by melanocytes, specialised cells found in the skin, hair, and eyes. A alteration in one of these genes may result in albinism.
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you aim to chemically synthesize four peptides with the following one-letter amino acid sequences: tiger, panther, cheetah, and cat. a) which one of these peptides will have the lowest pi? give a reason for your answer. you are not expected to calculate the pis of the peptides to answer this question. a qualitative knowledge of the ionization properties of amino acids discussed in class is sufficient to answer this question.
The peptide that has the lowest pI is CHEETHA. This is because of the presence of two acidic amino acids in it.
The isoelectric point or pI of an amino acid is defined as the point at which the net charge of the amino acid is zero or neutral. In the given scenario, the peptide CHEETHA has the lowest pI or isoelectric point. This is because this peptide contains two acidic amino acids known as Glutamate (E) and one weakly basic amino acid known as Histidine (H). Other peptides like TIGER has only one acidic amino acid Glutamate (E) and one basic amino acid Arginine (R).
And peptide PANTHER has only one acidic amino acid Glutamate (E) and two basic amino acids like Arginine (R) and Histidine (H). So this has a high pI. And peptide CAT has neither basic nor acidic amino acid so its pI is neutral.
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Subject: Biology
Vocabulary/Important People: On a separate sheet of paper define the vocabulary terms and identify the importance of the people below. *Try this without looking the terms up, it helps you study if you try it on your own first.
Dichotomous Key Phylogeny Evolution Charles Darwin Linneaus
Binomial Nomenclature Homologous Structure Analogous Structure Vestigial Structure
Fossil Record
Comparative Embryology Biogeography Molecular Biology Transitional Organism Anatomy
Common Ancestor
Concept Map: Create a concept map (Example below) to identify how the vocabulary terms and people are related within this unit. For each line describe how the items are related. This is an excellent way to study! The more connections and better descriptions you have the more you understand the concept.
Key Concept 1: Patterns of Evolution
Directions: Using your notes and the other activities we have completed, try to describe each of the learning objectives below.
EVO 1.1(a) Use scientific evidence to justify a claim of an evolutionary relationship between species.
EVO 1.1(b) Describe shared
characteristics (homologies) among organisms that provide evidence for common ancestry
EVO 1.2(a) Create or modify models to illustrate evolutionary relationships.
EVO 1.2(b) Use models of evolutionary relationships to describe and/or analyze how different species are related.
The explanation of the vocabulary terms include:
Dichotomous Key: A tool used in biology to identify organisms by their characteristics, which can be used to narrow down a list of possibilities through a series of choices.
Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Evolution: The process by which populations of living organisms change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms, leading to the emergence of new species.
Charles Darwin: A British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of science.
Linnaeus: A Swedish botanist and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature: A system of naming organisms using two Latin names, the first representing the genus and the second representing the species.
Homologous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions, suggesting they have a common ancestor.
Analogous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have similar functions but a different underlying structure and development, suggesting they have evolved independently.
Vestigial Structures: Structures in organisms that have little or no function in the organism, but have a function in an organism's ancestors
Fossil Record: The remains or traces of organisms from the past, which can provide evidence for the existence and evolution of extinct species.
Comparative Embryology: The study of the developmental stages of different organisms, which can provide evidence for common ancestry.
Biogeography: The study of the distribution of living organisms and fossils across different regions and through time, which can provide evidence for the evolution of species.
Molecular Biology: The study of the molecular basis of biological activity, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species through the comparison of DNA and protein sequences.
Transitional Organism: An organism that shows characteristics intermediate between two different groups, suggesting it is a link in the evolutionary chain between them.
Anatomy: The study of the structure and organization of living organisms, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species.
Common Ancestor: A hypothetical ancestor from which two or more species have evolved, inferred from the similarities and differences in their characteristics.
How to explain the vocabulary?To claim an evolutionary relationship between species, scientists use a combination of evidence from paleontology, comparative anatomy, molecular biology and biogeography. For example, the discovery of transitional fossils that show a gradual transition between the characteristics of two different groups of species, the similarities and differences in the DNA sequences of different species, the similarities in the embryological development of different organisms and the distribution of different species in different regions can provide evidence of evolutionary relationships between species.
Homologous structures are structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions. These structures provide evidence for common ancestry because they suggest that the organisms with these structures share a recent common ancestor. Examples of homologous structures include the forelimbs of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which all have the same basic bone structure, despite being adapted for different purposes such as flight, grasping, or digging.
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A child holds a red ball. Why does the ball look red?
Answer:
The ball looks red because it absorbs all the colors of the visible light spectrum except red...
The ball looks red because the only colour it is not absorbing is red it is reflecting red colour, all other colours are being absorbed and thats why the ball is looking red... :)
Based on the data from the investigation which of the following is the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is polluted with organic solvents?
(A) Do organisms without pigments have a selective advantage in polluted environments?
(B) Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes?(C) Will organic solvents from the environment become incorporated into the cell membranes of organisms living in polluted environments?
(D) Should governments place more stringent restrictions on the release of organic solvents into aquatic ecosystems?
Option B) Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes, is the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is polluted with organic solvents.
A scientist proposed that water-soluble pollutants harm living organisms by increasing cellular membrane permeability. The permeability of a plasma membrane is affected by pH changes. This will cause the phospholipids to spread further apart, making the membrane more permeable. Thus, option B is the appropriate choice.
Organic pollution occurs when large amounts of organic compounds, which act as microorganism substrates, are released into watercourses. The dissolved oxygen in the receiving water may be used up faster than it can be replenished during the decomposition process, resulting in oxygen depletion and severe consequences for the stream biota. Domestic sewage (raw or treated), urban run-off, industrial (trade) effluents, and farm wastes all contribute to organic pollutants.
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Emergent properties are found in some biological systems. Which of the following properties is necessary for emergent
properties to occur?
A. The system Is evolving
B. The system is complex
C. Cells or tissues are differentiated
D. Cells or tissues interact to function as a unit
The property is necessary for emergent properties to occur if the system is complex.
Thus, the correct option is B.
Emergent properties arise when the interaction of individual component produce new functions. An example of emergent properties is multicellular organisms. Multicellullаr orgаnisms аre cаpаble of completing functions thаt unicellulаr orgаnisms could not undertаke – this is due to the collective аctions of individuаl cells combining to creаte new synergistic effects.
In multicellular organisms, the complex system is:
Cells may be grouped together to form tissue.Organs are then formed from the functional grouping of multiple tissues.Organs that interact may form organ systems capable of carrying out specific body functions.Organ systems collectively carry out the life functions of the complete organism.For more information about emergent properties refers to the link:
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