During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. A second student responded that the behavior might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation.

Explanation:

Answer 2

The first example refers to proximate causation, whereas the second example to ultimate causation.

What is ultimate causation?

The ability of one variable to impact another is known as causality, also known as causality. The first variable might create the second or might change the incidence of the second variable.

Correlation, which shows how much two variables tend to rise or fall together, and causation are frequently misconstrued. Correlation does not, however, automatically imply causality. The variations in both variables could be caused by a third component, for instance.

A statistically significant association has been shown between yellow cars and a reduced accident frequency. Just because there are fewer accidents involving yellow cars does not mean that they are any safer. A third element, such as the person's personality type.

Therefore, The first example refers to proximate causation, whereas the second example to ultimate causation.

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Related Questions

PLEASE HELP
I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer:

Most cells in our body have two versions of each chromosome (Body cells). These cells are called diploid. We grow and replace these cells with identical cells through a cell division called mitosis.

For sexual reproduction, we need to make cells that have only one version of each chromosome (sex cells). These cells are called haploid. These unique cells are made through a cell division called meiosis.  

Explanation:

haploid = 1

diploid= 2 // "di"=2

our body contains 46 chromosomes, half from our dad and a half from our mom. our repoductive contains 23 chromosomes.

Why are Wind Turbines being moved offshore?

Answers

Answer:

Wind turbines are being moved offshore because the wind comes at the right time: Offshore winds are usually higher throughout the day, allowing for more reliable and productive electricity output when market demand is highest. The majority of land-based wind resources are more efficient at night when demand for electricity is smaller.

I need helppp!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

B - 6 picograms

Explanation:

When a cell divides mitotically, the end result is 2 identical daughter cells. With that being said, the cell that is produced will also have the same amount of DNA and, therefore, the same DNA mass of 6 picograms.

Hope this helps you! Have an awesome day!

Enzymes are composed of what organic molecule?
a. sugars
b. DNA
c. proteins
d. lipids

Answers

Answer:

Proteins

Explanation:

Among the organic macromolecules, enzymes belong in the category of proteins. Proteins are distinct from carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids in that a protein is made of amino acids. Amino acids link together into a chain that can fold into a three-dimensional shape.

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle. For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle. 4 1 5 0 2

Answers

Answer:

For each glucose that enters glycolysis,  2 acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.

Explanation:

SYNTHESIS OF 2Acetyl CoA -:

The glucose is transformed into 2pyruvate (6 carbon molecules are converted into 2 -3 carbon molecules) during glycolysis. In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, glycolysis occurs frequently. This process takes place in the cytoplasm (it does not require oxygen or mitochondria), but if both oxygen and mitochondria are present, two molecules of pyruvate join mitochondria and prepare for citric acid cycle.

Until entering this, the molecules go through a mechanism known as the linked (connects glycolysis with citric acid cycle) reaction, in which the pyruvate molecule is transformed into 2 acetyl CoA (meaning 3 carbon molecules are converted into 2 carbon molecules) and a carbon molecule is released in the form of [tex]2CO_2[/tex] (waste product).

2NAD+ and NADH are synthesized in the linked reaction, implying that reducing power is produced. It means that electrons from pyruvate are released in the form of hydrogen, which 2NAD+ accepts and reduces to form 2 NADH.          

[tex]Glucose[/tex] → [tex]2pyruvate[/tex] → [tex]2Acetyl CoA[/tex]

Linked reaction is also known as oxidative -dicarboxylation.

Hence,  2 Acetyl CoA is required to enter citric acid cycle.  

Why might a speaker choose NOT to use contractions in a formal speech?

A. Contractions are too short.

B. Contractions are rude.

C. Contractions are informal.

D. Contractions are improper.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

I just took the quiz :)

A speaker might choose not to use contractions in a formal speech because contractions are informal. Thus, the correct option is C.

What is a Formal speech?

A formal speech may be defined as a form of speech that is utilized in authorized and official workplaces. It does not illustrate personal background.

Contraction involves the feelings of pressure, stress, or shrinkage of actions. Thus, all such properties come under an informal type of speech where the personal background is determined.

Therefore, a speaker might choose not to use contractions in a formal speech because contractions are informal. Thus, the correct option is C.

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3. Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

A. bacterial
B. plants only
C. animals only
D. both plant and animal cells

Answers

Answer:

D. Both plant and animal cells

Explanation:

The explanation is that animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells which means they have a nucleus which contains and protects the genetic material. Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell which means it does have genetic material but doesn't have a nucleus.

What conclusion about Japan's farmland can be made by studying the map?
A)
Japan is dominated by wasteland.
B)
Tea is grown in all parts of Japan.
C)
Most of Japan's farm land is devoted to rice.
D)
Wheat and oats are the dominate crops in Japan.

Answers

D wheat and oats are the dominate crops in Japan


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What is H²O?​

Answers

Answer:

H2O is the chemical formula for water, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms H.

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H²O is the chemical formula of water.

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Identify the parts.
A. Stigma
B.
C. Sepal
D.
F.
H.
J.
K.
L.
O.
P.

Answers

Answer:

A. anther

B. receptacle

C. sepal

D. petal

F. filament

H.

J.

K. pollen tube

L.Ovary

O. Ovule

P. Style

* I'm confused with H and J

A woman sues a man for child support, claiming that he is the father of her illegitimate child. The woman is type A, the child is type O, and the man is type AB. Could he be the father of her child?
Group of answer choices

Yes because you can get type O if the man is type AB

No because you cannot get type O if the man is type AB

Answers

Answer:

no because you cannot get type O if the man is type AB

Describe an adaptation to a plant's life cycle and explain how this adaptation helps the plant survive. Source StylesNormal

Answers

Answer:

The adaptation of a plant in an environment ( for example,desert) depends on the structural parts of the plant which enables it to complete it's life cycle.

Explanation:

Plants are found in different types of environment. They need to possess and show some features that will enable them to live successfully and reproduce in that particular environment. Such features may be structural, functional or behavioural which are known as ADAPTATIONS.

Furthermore, in environment where there is scarcity of water supply, plants known as xerophytes can survive or thrive. They show the following adaptations:

--> well developed roots: the roots grow down to great depths if necessary and branch extensively in order to absorb water from as large an area as possible.

--> presence of swollen stems: These stems contains water storage cells which are called succulents. They help the plant withstand long period of drought.

--> Reduced leaves: This helps in reducing water loss from leaves through transpiration. For example in plants like the cacti, the leaves are reduced to spines.

Therefore, these structures helps the plant survive in its present environment.

The air outside is so warm that this snowman is melting. During melting, the water molecules (gain/lose) thermal energy. How does the motion of the molecules change during melting?

Answers

Answer:

they gain thermal energy because they are warming up. the molecules are speeding up because liquid molecules are faster the solid molecules which don't move much.

Explanation:

at what condition a new queen bee is produced in a hive​

Answers

Three main conditions - when the colony wants to swarm, when the colony wants to supersede its queen, and when its queen has died.

why do scientists classify and organize organisms​

Answers


Scientists classify living things in order to organize and make sense of the incredible diversity of life. Modern scientists base their classifications mainly on molecular similarities. They group together organisms that have similar proteins and DNA.

hope this helps

Which of these molecules would form a single covalent bond?





Group of answer choices

Na3N


NaCl

KCl

Cl2

Answers

Answer: Cl2

Explanation:

Regulation of heart rate is most closely associated
with the
A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) somatic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system

Answers

Answer:

D.autonomic nervous system

Type _ blood is the universal donor
Type _ blood is the universal recipient

Answers

Answer:

Type O- blood is the universal donor

Type AB- blood is the universal recipient

Type O negative is universal donor
Type AB positive is the universal receiver

How does evolution work to create the diversity of life on Earth?

Answers

Evolution and diversity result from the interactions between organisms and their environments and the consequences of these interactions over long periods of time. Organisms continually adapt to their environments, and the diversity of environments that exists promotes a diversity of organisms adapted to them.

Hurricanes, thunderstorms, and blizzards are all meteorological disasters. What does "meteorological" mean

Answers

Answer:

relating to the branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather.

Explanation:

Answer:

is related from the wheater

How much time would it take to perform 3200 J of work with a power
output of 160 Watts

Answers

Explanation:

p =w/t

160=3200/t

t=3200/160

t =20second

Cytochrome C is a protein that functions in cellular respiration as part of the electron transport chain. It is frequently used to determine evolutionary relationships between different organisms because it is highly conserved (only differs slightly) between different organisms. A student researching evolutionary relationships between different organisms came across the following information about the differences between cytochrome C proteins in different organisms when compared to humans. Number of different amino acids compared to humansChimpanzee0Rhesus Monkey1Cow10Yeast42 The student plans to use an antibody to the human cytochrome C protein in an ELISA test on cytochrome C samples from these four organisms. What should she use as a positive control

Answers

Answer:

Human cytochrome C

Explanation:

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a technique widely used to detect and measure antibodies and antigens in biological samples. This technique can be used to diagnose different diseases by detecting antigens that bind to antibodies. The ELISA test consists of a plate with a capture antibody against the antigen of interest coating the plate. Subsequently, the target antigen is detected by adding a detection antibody labeled with an enzyme (e.g., alkaline phosphatase) that binds to this antigen. Finally, a particular substrate (e.g. ABTS) is added to the plate and the subsequent reaction converts it into a colored product which can be easily detected using microplate readers. In this case, the positive control will be human cytochrome C which will bind to specific antigens in order to evidence the presence of this molecule in the sample.

Why do the temperatures change over the months?
O A. Because the Moon is tilted on its axis, it reflects more sunlight on Earth during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.
B. Because the Sun is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.
O C. Because Earth is tilted on its axis, the stars reflect more light during different times of the Earth's yearly orbit.
D. Because Earth is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more hours of sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit.

Answers

Answer:

Answer

Explanation:

B because the more the sun is titled the more heat=different season.

Because Earth is tilted on its axis, parts of Earth get more hours of sunlight during different times of Earth's yearly orbit. As Earth orbits around the Sun, its axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees. Hence the correct option is D.

Why do the temperatures change over the months?

The temperatures change over the months primarily because of Earth's axial tilt. As the Earth rotates around the sun, the angle at which sunlight hits different parts of the Earth changes.

This is because the Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees relative to its orbit around the sun. When a particular hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it receives more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures.

Conversely, when that hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it receives less direct sunlight, resulting in cooler temperatures. This cycle repeats itself annually, causing changes in temperatures over the months.

Hence the correct option is D.

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Newyork is near 40 degrees N. What general direction is air moving in Newyork

Answers

Answer:

The air in New York moves to the north.  

Explanation:

At a global level, it occurs unequal warming of the atmosphere, which depends on many factors and varies with latitude. These temperature differences occur because solar radiation reaches the earth differently at different latitudes degrees. The result is the formation of convective cells of atmospheric air circulation: Hardley cell, Ferrel cell, and Polar cell.    

The term convective cell refers to air getting warm, expanding, getting less dense, and ascending. During ascension, it gets colder because of the change in high, contracting, becoming thicker. Finally, it descends.

In each hemisphere, warm air ascends at the equator and approximately at 60º latitude. Cold air descends at approximately 30º latitude and the poles. These air masses circulation generates superficial winds that blow toward the equator between 0º-30º, and toward the poles between 30º-60º lat.  

Ferrel cell occurs between 30º and 60º latitude. At 30º lat, the cold air coming from the north in the tropopause meets the cold air coming from 0º, and both descend to lower altitudes due to its density and low temperature. When these air masses reach the ground, they diverge.  One part goes to 0º lat, while the other part goes forward to the north.  As it moves north, it gets warmer for being at lower altitudes. At 60º, this warm air coming from the 30º meets the polar air coming from 90º, and as it is warmer it ascends again. When it ascends to the tropopause, it is pushed by new air and moves to the south again. While doing so, it loses heat and becomes denser, descending again at 30º.  And so the cycle starts all over again. New York is located at 40º latitude approximately, so air goes forward to the north pole near the ground, but at 60º it elevates again. New York is then affected by the Ferrel cell.        

In the attached image you will find the three cells, circulating in different directions.  

Vacuoles are cellular organelles that are found in all plant and fungal cells. In plant cells, vacuoles tend to store large amounts of water, so they can push outward on cell walls and help keep plants upright. In fungal cells, vacuoles often store materials that are toxic to the cell.

According to the above information, how do vacuoles help fungal cells maintain homeostasis?
A.
by storing large quantities of water
B.
by allowing the cells to get rid of waste
C.
by producing more cellular organelles
D.
by helping the cells extract energy from food

Answers

Answer:

D. by helping the cells extract energy from food

Explanation:

Fungi are decomposers so they normally need some sort of food to grow. To get the energy to grow, they extract it from the food. Fungi will get their energy from dead animals, dead plants, etc.

This shows cardiac muscle. This type of muscle is *

Answers

Answer:

Involuntary

Explanation:

Hope that helps ;)

Answer:

Involuntary

Explanation:

Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary muscle, found only in the heart. The cardiac muscle fibers all contract together, generating enough force to push blood throughout the body.

Which of the following sentences is the best example of formal language?
A. I've gotten totally into theater lately, but opera is too much for me; I
don't know why.
B. When I see one of my acting idols on the screen, I'm like wow,
how'd he do that?
C. I wanted to ask if you wanna come to this thing I'm in on Saturday
night?
D. I would like to extend to you an invitation to my recital, which takes
place this weekend.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

......am like wow can be used to someone u are used to

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

just did the test :)

organize at least seven of your body's cell processes that require energy

Answers

Answer:

search up the question and you find lots of accurate results

Energy is required for a variety of vital biological and cellular functions, including ATP hydrolysis. These include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.

What do you understand by cell ?

The fundamental units of all living things are cells. There are many billions of cells in a human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.

Adenosine triphosphate molecules directly provide the energy needed for cellular functions (ATP). One adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups, or Pi for short, make up ATP. The chemical energy that is stored in each ATP molecule is not very large. By dissolving ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate group, this energy may be released.

The energy process include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.

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who is the current preme minister of America​

Answers

Mr. Joe Biden

Mr. Joe Biden is the current president of the USA.

Joe Biden my bro hope it helps

Identify the products of cellular respiration.

Answers

Answer:

Water and carbon (IV) oxide

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