Dr. Robert Hazen has worked to develop a hypothesis that explains
the origin of life on Earth. His work has focused on hydrothermal vents, which are cracks in the ocean floor. Water heated by molten rock beneath the crust escapes from these vents at very high temperatures, producing hot, high-pressure environments at the vents on the ocean floor.
In order to provide evidence that these vents may be areas where life originated, which of the following states a null hypothesis Hazen might have used to begin his research?
(A) Organic molecules were transported to the hydrothermal vents via a meteorite, thereby seeding them with precursors for more complex molecules.
(B) The temperatures and pressures found in hydrothermal vents resemble conditions described in currently accepted origins of life hypotheses.
(C) Organic waste sinking to the ocean floor would have used the unique hot water environment as an energy source to begin manufacturing food.
(D) Chemosynthetic organisms can best develop in the hydrothermal environment, manufacturing nutrients for other living things to feed on.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

(B) The temperatures and pressures found in hydrothermal vents resemble conditions described in currently accepted origins of life hypotheses

Explanation:

We are told that Dr. Hazen wants to develop a hypothesis that explains

the origin of life on Earth.

Now, he focused on hydrothermal vents. That Water heated by molten rock beneath the crust escapes from these vents at very high temperatures, producing hot, high-pressure environments at the vents on the ocean floor.

This means the null hypothesis will be temperatures and pressures found in this initial condition he described while any other different from it will be the alternative hypothesis.

Looking at all the given options and comparing with the initial hypothesis conditions in the question, the correct answer is option B.

Answer 2

The origin of life can be seen as the natural process in which the origin of living things happen through non-living matter or smaller organic compound.

The null hypothesis is:

(B) The temperatures and pressures found in hydrothermal vents matches the conditions described in currently accepted origins of life hypotheses.

The null hypothesis for  Dr. Robert Hazen hypothesisThe hypothesis says that hydrothermal vents are cracks in the ocean floor.

It also states that there were high temperatures and high pressure environment.

Thus, the option (B) The temperatures and pressures found in hydrothermal vents matches the conditions described in currently accepted origins of life hypotheses is the best null hypothesis for Dr. hazen to begin his research.

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Related Questions

On Isle Royale, wolves are the main predators of moose. The graph shows the changing wolf and moose populations on the island over a 50-year time span.

The graph plots the populations of moose and wolves in separate lines from 1955 to 2005. The two populations appear to follow opposite trends: when one population is higher, the other population is lower.

Which statement provides the strongest explanation for the trends in the two populations?

A. The populations of predators and prey are limited by abiotic factors only.
B. Predation acts a density-dependent limiting factor on prey, but not on predators.
C. Predation acts as a density-independent limiting factor on predators, but not on prey.
D. Predator-prey relationships act as density-dependent limiting factors on both predators and prey.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The statement provides the strongest explanation for the trends in the two populations is predator-prey relationships act as density-dependent limiting factors on both predators and prey. Hence option D is correct.

What is predator?

Predator is defined as an organism that mostly hunts and consumes other organisms for food. The term "predator" refers to a species that hunts and eats specific other organisms. The animals that predators consume are referred to as prey.

Predator-prey interactions and prey-predator interactions are both crucial density-dependent population controls. The other population's size determines how each population changes in size.   When the population density reaches a particular point, a density-dependent limiting factor takes effect. Competition, parasitism, and disease are other instances of density-dependent limiting variables.

Thus, the statement provides the strongest explanation for the trends in the two populations is predator-prey relationships act as density-dependent limiting factors on both predators and prey. Hence option D is correct.

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What is physical appearance of traits called?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The observable traits expressed by an organism are referred to as its phenotype. An organism's underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles, is called its genotype.

HELPPPP
Which organelle helps
distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division?
O vacuoles
O golgi bodies
O centrioles
O chromatin

Answers

Centrioles is the organelle.

Explain how the biogeochemical cycle are essential for life.​

Answers

Biogeochemical cycles are essential for life and important to the ecosystems because matter on earth is limited in amount, and space for dead organisms as well. Additionally, biogeochemical cycles are important as as they transport and store these chemical elements so that they can be used by living organisms.

Because Earth has limited materials and room for deceased creatures, biogeochemical cycles are vital to life and ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles transport and store these chemicals for living creatures.

What are biogeochemical cycle?

Because there is a finite quantity of stuff on earth and a certain amount of room for dead species as well, biogeochemical cycles are crucial for life and significant to ecosystems. Additionally, biogeochemical cycles are crucial because they move and store these chemicals so that living things may use them.

The flow of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic forces is referred to as "biogeochemical cycles" in most cases. The words "bio" and "geo," which refer to the biosphere, "geo" and "chemical," which refer to the elements that flow through a cycle, are the roots of the phrase "biogeochemical."

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8. What type of cells do humans have? *
Plant Cell
None of the above
O All of the above
Animal Cell

Answers

Answer:

None of the above

Explanation:

Humans have various types of cells in their organism.

Some of these cells are:

Stem Cells, Blood Cells, Bone Cells, Muscle Cells, Fat Cells, Skin Cells, Nerve Cells, Endothelial Cells

The largest cell in the human body is OVUM, an egg cell used for reproduction in the female body.

How have protozoa typically been classified?

by their type of reproduction

by their symmetry

by their mode of locomotion

by their mode of nutrition

Answers

Answer:

by their mode of locomotion

Explanation:

I'm not too sure but.. :)

Answer this please. Its gizmos

Answers

the answer is A. because none of the other answers allowed for a full white AND a full red chicken

Decision as to the cause or nature of a disease given by the M.D.
_____________.
it gives no choices but this is medical terminology
please help

Answers

I think it’s etiology...

3. Which of the following is a chemical property
(10 Points)
melting point
Ostates of matter
density
flammability
4. Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction are called *

Answers

Answer: The answer is flammability

Explanation:

because it is a chemical thing happening

What would happen if a cell couldn't make catalase?

Answers

Answer:

If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, additional reactions convert it into compounds called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. ... A shortage of this enzyme can allow hydrogen peroxide to build up to toxic levels in certain cells

If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, it can be converted into reactive oxygen species, which can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.

What is catalase?Catalase is an important enzyme that uses hydrogen peroxide, a non-radical ROS, as a substrate.This enzyme breaks down and neutralizes hydrogen peroxide to maintain optimal molecular levels within cells.It is also essential for cell signaling processes. The catalase enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and molecular oxygen, protecting cells from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species.Commercially available catalase is produced from Aspergillus niger by a solid-state fermentation process.Peroxidase or catalase is an enzyme of the oxidoreductase class. The peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen as shown.Catalase is a tetrameric heme protein that detoxifies H2O2 into oxygen and water.It is a metalloprotein oxidoreductase and when present in high concentrations he efficiently removes H2O2.

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What do we call the freeze dried state that Monerans enter to survive harsh conditions ?
HELPPPPPPP

Answers

Answer:

dddďdddddddddddddddddddddd

Answeer: cell state

Explanation:


15. Which of the following are functions of the exoskeleton? Check all that
apply.

-Protection of internal organs
-Provide for muscle attachment and movement
-Structural support
-Prevention of water loss

Answers

Answer:

•Protection of internal organs

•Provide for muscle attachment and movement

•Structural support

The following that are functions of the exoskeleton are:

Protection of internal organsProvide for muscle attachment and movementStructural support

What is an exoskeleton?

An exoskeleton is an outer skeleton that is present outside the body of some insects and other organisms. The exoskeleton is made up of hard substances like calcium carbonate or chitin protein.

The exoskeleton protects the soft tissues and organs of organisms. They are helpful in saving the organism from predators and other factors of the environment.

The exoskeleton is present in most arthropods. They also help in reducing water loss from the body.

Thus, the functions of the exoskeleton are:

Protection of internal organsProvide for muscle attachment and movementStructural support

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What happens in an endothermic reaction?

Answers

Answer:

In endothermic reactions, more energy is absorbed when the bonds in the reactants are broken than is released when new bonds are formed in the products. Endothermic reactions are accompanied by a decrease in temperature of the reaction mixture.

why do the other planets take longer to orbit the Sun than the inner planets do​

Answers

Answer:

Outer planets take longer to orbit than inner planets because of the greater distance they need to cover. They also are further from the sun weakening the power of the suns gravitational pull which causes then to orbit slower.

Explanation:

!!

Answer:

Because there are outter planets

Explanation:

When blood is drawn from your arm, what type of vessel does the phlebotomist use? Why?

Answers

Answer:

1. Median cubital vein A superficial vein, most commonly used for venipuncture, it lies over the cubital fossa and serves as an anastomosis between the cephalic and basilic veins. 2. Cephalic vein Shown in both forearm and arm, it can be followed proximally where it empties into the axillary vein.

Explanation:

The membrane is stiffened in some spots, decreasing its fluidity, by the process of _______ molecules

Answers

Phospholipids Molecules

an egg cell in a gorilla contains 24 chromosomes. When the egg cell is fertilized, which of the following occurs?


A.
The 24 original chromosomes replicate, resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.

B.
The 24 original chromosomes split at the centromere, resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.

C.
The nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the original egg cell, resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.

D.
The nucleus of another egg cell pairs with the nucleus of the original egg cell, resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.

Answers

Answer:

Its C

Explanation:

DNA from 2 parents, 24 from each parent is combined into one with 48 chromosomes. Hopefully, that makes sense and is correct.

What's a chromosome

Answers

A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46.

Find the stoma. Explain the gas exchange process that is taking place.
please help :(

Answers

The gas exchange in plants takes place through stomata, and the process is called diffusion. ... The stomata cells are found on the dicotyledonous leaves, and they are arranged parallel in the case of monocotyledons. A higher concentration of stomata cells is found towards the lower surface of the leaf.

discuss in detail about the covering of lung​

Answers

Answer:

The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity -- also called pleura. A thin layer of fluid acts as a lubricant allowing the lungs to slip smoothly as they expand and contract with each breath

How much ATP is produced in 5 molecules of glucose in the presence of oxygen in an obligate aerobe?

Answers

Answer:

190 ATP molecules

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is the process whereby energy (ATP) is obtained in the cells of living organisms by breaking down glucose molecules. Cellular respiration can either be aerobic or anaerobic depending on whether oxygen is present or not.

In the presence of oxygen, aerobic respiration, which consists of three stages namely: glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, is employed. Per glucose molecule;

- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules,

- Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP molecules

- Oxidative phosphorylation produces 34 ATP molecules

Hence, in total, 38 ATP molecules is produced per glucose molecule in aerobic respiration. According to the question, 5 molecules of glucose will yield 5 × 38 = 190 molecules of ATP.

What do plants produce during photosynthesis? F oxygen G light H magnetic energy J carbon dioxide

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

What did scientists believe was contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer and why?

Answers

The ozone is a layer in the stratosphere which protects the earth from ultraviolet light. The molecule within the ozone are being broken apart due to fossil fuel emissions.

CFCs and other halogen-source chemicals in the stratosphere were discovered to deplete the ozone layer.

What is ozone layer depletion?

Ozone depletion is the steady lowering of the Earth's ozone layer in the high atmosphere, which is produced by the discharge of chemical compounds from industry and other human activities that contain gaseous chlorine or bromine.

The ozone layer acts as a buffer against the sun's potentially dangerous ultraviolet rays. The destruction of the ozone layer puts humans in direct contact with dangerous ultraviolet rays, which can lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, cataracts, skin illnesses, and a weakened immune system.

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What happens when cerebrum of brain get injured?

Answers

Mild traumatic brain injury may affect your brain cells temporarily. More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and other physical damage to the brain. These injuries can result in long-term complications or death.

Asexual reproduction of organisms normally results in no organisms that contain cells with

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps !

Explanation:

cell that contains two complete sets of chrom ... reproduction of diploid 0rg~~-ms normally results in new 0rga~-~~ms that ... what would most likely happen if miis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division .

A student is investigating how substrate concentration affects the rate of anenzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which ​threevariables​ should be kept constant in the setup of thestudent’s investigation? Select all three variablesA. temperature of the reactionB. amount of enzymeC. amount of substrateD. amount of productE. pH of the reaction

Answers

Answer:

A. temperature of the reaction

B. amount of enzyme

E. pH of the reaction

Explanation:

Temperature should be kept constant because enzymes operate at different activity rates depending on the temperature. The same goes for the pH as well with different enzymes having different optimal pH levels.

The amount of enzyme should be kept constant as well because different concentrations of enzymes can determine how fast the reaction will occur.

Essentially anything that could affect enzyme activity apart from substrate concentration should be kept constant.

Plz the answer quickly

Answers

Answer:

d. Pluripotency markers  

Explanation:

Pluripotency can be defined as the capacity of individual cells to differentiate into any cell type. Pluripotent transcription factors are pluripotent proteins that promote the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into stem/progenitor cells by inducing the expression of target genes, which are also capable of maintaining their pluripotent state. For example, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG are pluripotent transcription factors highly expressed in ESCs in order to maintain the pluripotent state of these cells.

Three cells that each has a diploid number of 32 go through meiosis. How
many cells result and how many total chromosomes are in each cell?

Answers

Answer: 6 cells, 16 chromosomes each.

Explanation:each cell, after meiosis produces two haploid cells.

three diploid cells (2n=32) after meiosis give six haploid cells

Nursery stock includes
O fruit plants, such as watermelon.
O fruit trees, such as apples.
O vegetable plants, such as broccoli.
O herbs, such as basil.

Answers

So answer is B

Thank you all......

Answer: It is B I just took the quiz

Explanation:

PLS HELP ME ON THIS ONE TOO!!!:))

Answers

Answer:

it is c on 1 D on 4 A on 2 and Bon 3

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