Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular symbiosis.
In the field of science, symbiosis can be described as a living together relationship between two species of organisms.
The theory of endosymbiosis suggests how the first eukaryotic cells developed from multiple prokaryotic cells.
Biologists suggest that structures, such as the mitochondria, and chloroplast, existed as prokaryotic cells in the beginning. An intercellular symbiosis relationship such prokaryotic cells was formed afterward which led to the formation of the eukaryotic cell.
Particular pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory are the existence of own DNA in chloroplast and mitochondria organelles. Also, this particular DNA is circular in the structure like prokaryotes have.
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Containers of ice cream are sold by volume, not by weight. Some ice
cream companies pump air into the ice cream before packaging it.
Why does this practice make the ice cream more expensive to the
consumer?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Answer:
This makes the Amount of ice cream less than the volume it occupies.
If you were to buy x amount of ice cream for $5 but then find out 50% of it is air, you are really paying $5 for 1/2x amount of ice cream or $10 for X
Why does the mode of fertilization correlate with the presence or absence of male parental care?
External fertilisation increases the likelihood of fatherhood.
What exactly does internal fertilisation mean?Internal fertilisation is the process of fertilisation that takes place inside a person's body. Mostly land animals experience it. There has to be a way to get male sperm into the female reproductive system so that internal fertilisation may happen.
The gametes collide inside the female's body in mammals, reptiles, birds, and certain fish species. Internal fertilisation is the term for this. Because sperm still prefer swimming to walking, all land inhabitants require this method of fertilisation.
The three techniques of internal fertilisation are oviparity (egg deposited outside the female body), ovoviparity (egg kept within the female), and viviparity. Internal fertilisation is defined by sperm fertilising the egg inside the female.
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The movement of salt from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP. Why?
The movement of salt from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP because salt must be transported from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish against the concentration gradient from a hypoosmotic to a hyperosmotic environment, this demands the utilisation of ATP.
When two solutions have different osmolarities, the more diluted solution is referred to as "hypoosmotic," and the one with a higher solute content as "hyperosmotic."Because the osmolarity of their internal fluids is significantly higher than that of their surroundings, fresh water animals constantly absorb water by osmosis and lose salts by diffusion.As salt moves through osmosis from an environment that is hypo-osmotic to one that is hypertonic, or hyper-osmotic, ATP is needed (internal fluids).To know more about osmolarity visit:
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describe the dorsal body cavity and its subdivisions: describe the ventral body cavity and its subdivisions: describe the serous membranes or serosa of the ventral body cavity:
The dorsal cavity resides at the back portion of the body. It is subdivided into two parts:
Cranial cavity, which resides the brain; andSpinal cavity, that encloses the backbone.The ventral cavity is larger than the dorsal cavity, present at the front portion. The subdivisions of the ventral cavity are:
Thoracic cavity: encloses the chest area and is further divided into pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity.Abdominopelvic cavity: present at the lower half of the trunk. IT is further divided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.The serous membrane is a thin tissue structure that covers the cavities of the body. It is if two types:
Visceral layer: covering the outer surface of the organs. Parietal layer: covering the internal cavities of the organs.To know more about dorsal cavity, here
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In the skeletal system, which are two main tissues responsible for structural support in the body?
PLATO
Answer:
Compact Bone and Ligaments
Explanation:
Compact bones is basically a dense bone filled with organic ground substances and inorganic salts leaving only small places for bone cells.
Contrast swimming and flying in terms of the main problems they pose and the adaptations that allow animals to overcome those problems.
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assume population b and population c evolve until they reach adaptive peaks and experience stabilizing selection. both populations have the same mutation rate.
Assume population B and population C evolve until they reach adaptive peaks and experience stabilizing selection. Both populations have the same m-utation rate.here population B will have more variability in size.
here m-utation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. M-utations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
common m-utation examples in humans are Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, color blindness, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, Klinefelter syndrome, phenylketonuria, etc.
here The rate of m-utation is the probability that a given base pair or a larger region of DNA changes with time.
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Which is the broadest category of classification for the praying mantis?
The broadest category of classification for the praying mantis is referred to as animalia in this type of scenario.
What is Classification?This is defined as the process in which organisms are arranged into a group based on the similar features or characteristics between them. According to Linnaeus' hierarchical system of classification there are seven levels which include the following from broadest to narrowest.
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies.We can infer from the list given above that that the broadest category is Kingdom while the narrowest category is referred to as species which has smaller unique features.
Since praying mantis have similar features with animals such as being able to move, eat etc it is grouped under the Kingdom animalia which is the broadest group in this category thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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several of the neuroscientific methods described in the textbook measure blood flow in the brain. which blood-flow method is best suited for use with children?
Several of the neuroscientific methods described in the textbook measure blood flow in the brain. The blood-flow method that is best suited for use with children is Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy. (FNIRS).
What is Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy?
Functional infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a portable, noninvasive brain imaging technology that uses low levels of non-ionizing light to record changes in cerebral blood flow in the brain using optical sensors placed on the surface of the scalp. These signals are recorded using flexible optical cables that allow neuroimaging experiments to be performed on participants while they perform tasks such as standing or walking. FNIRS has the potential to provide new insights into the development of brain activation during ambulatory motor learning tasks and standing tasks to investigate balance and vestibular function.To learn more about Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy, refer to:
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Human construction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by? i. increasing runoff. ii. increasing evaporation. iii. increasing percolation.
Human construction of buildings and pavement affects the hydrological cycle by
increasing runoff.increasing percolation.I and II only
This is further explained below.
What is a hydrological cycle?Generally, Water is continuously circulated throughout the Earth-atmosphere system as part of the hydrologic cycle. The movement of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back is the essence of the water cycle.
In conclusion, Human construction of buildings and pavement affects the hydrological cycle by
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Human construction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by
I. increasing runoff.
II. increasing evaporation.
III. increasing percolation.
If the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the ancestral cyanobacteria?
According to the Endosymbiotic theory, free-living bacteria were phagozited by another cell. The internal membrane of chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of cyanobacteria.
What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria that were phagocytized by another cell but not digested.
These bacteria got to adapt to their host, and both cells became interdependent.
Both organelles have many similarities with other free-living bacteria.
Chloroplasts probably derivate from cyanobacteria. Mitochondria derivate from rickettsias.From the phagocytosis moment, these two cells became so dependent on each other, that they could not survive without the other one.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria share some traits with free-living bacteria, that support the theory.
Both organelles present their genetic material. This DNI is independent of the cell's DNA, is bi-catenary and circular, identical to the bacterial DNA, and very different from the one of the eukaryotic cells. Both organelles divide by binary fission, not by mitosis, and can synthesize their ribosomes and organelles. Both organelles present a double membrane, a characteristic that reinforces the idea of being phagocyted. The internal membrane looks identical to the bacterial membrane, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.In fact, in this internal membrane are placed the energy centers, just as it occurs in bacterias membrane.
Finally, the sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes.According to this information, we could say that membrane of the chloroplast that represents the plasma membrane of the ancestral cyanobacteria is the internal membrane.
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which species concept might differentiate species on the basis of specific dietary requirements? morphospecies concept phylogenetic species concept ecological species concept
The ecological species concept might differentiate species based on specific dietary requirements
The ecological species concept is a species concept where a species is a group of organisms adapted to a specific dietary requirements in the environment known as a niche. Populations establish the distinct phenetic clusters we recognize as species according to the ecological concept. The evolutionary and ecological processes that control how resources are distributed tend to generate those clusters.
Ecological research, especially with similar species living near, has amply demonstrated that differences in form and behavior between species are frequently linked to disparities in the ecological resources that the species exploit. The biological, recognition and cladistic species concepts should be contrasted with the ecological species concept.
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neurotransmitters bind to , which are protein structures on the surface of the neuron cell membrane. a. neural receptors b. cell bodies
Neurotransmitters bind to neural receptors, which are protein structures on the surface of the neuron cell membrane.
What are neural receptors?Neural receptors are specialized cell receptors located in neurons or nerve cells that bind to chemical messengers (also called neurotransmitters) to trigger concomitant responses depending on the stimuli conditions.
In conclusion, neurotransmitters bind to neural receptors, which are protein structures on the surface of the neuron cell membrane.
Complete Question:
Fill in the blank. Neurotransmitters bind to ____, which are protein structures on the surface of the neuron cell membrane.
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The bars indicate the percentage of the attacked models that were either light or dark. Assume 100 mouse models were attacked in each habitat. For the beach habitat, how many were light models? Dark models? Answer the same questions for the inland habitat.
The bars indicate the percentage of the attacked models that were either light or dark. Assume 100 mouse models were attacked in each habitat.
For the beach habitat and inland habitat, how many were light models and the dark models?
The number of light and dark models for inland and beach habitat are given below:
Light models in Beach habitat - 27
Light models in Inland habitat - 76
Dark models in Beach habitat - 73
Dark models in Inland habitat - 24
What is mouse models with camouflage coloration?
This model simulates natural selection and adaptation in rock pocket mouse populations found primarily in rock outcrops in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. This model is based on a lesson plan designed by the [Howard Hughes Medical Institute]
The model simulates changes in coat color in a population of rock pocket mice due to predation. Mice that cannot camouflage have a higher chance of being predatory when predators are present. Users can examine how a population evolves through natural selection under different environmental conditions.
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What grounds does corvino give for rejecting the argument that homosexuality is wrong because the bible prohibits it?
He claims that such an argument ignores the context in which the Bible was written. grounds does Corvino give for rejecting the argument that homosexuality is wrong because the bible prohibits it.
What is homosexuality?
Romantic interest, sexual attraction, or sexual conduct between people of the same sex or gender is referred to as homosexuality. The definition of homosexuality as a sexual orientation is "a lasting pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to individuals of the same sex. "It also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a group of people who share those interests," according to the definition.
Scientists do not yet know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences and do not view it as a choice. Homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual-homosexual continuum, along with bisexuality and heterosexuality.
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organelle, bead, and microtubule translocations promoted by soluble factors from the squid giant axon
Organelle, bead, and microtubule translocations promoted by soluble factors from the squid giant axon directed organelle movements along purified microtubules has been developed.
For the purpose of studying directed organelle motions along pure microtubules, a reconstitution system has been created. Organelle-enriched fractions and soluble supernatant fractions of the squid giant axon's axoplasm were isolated. Only when axoplasmic supernatant and ATP were added did consistent movement of axoplasmic organelles through MAP-free microtubules occur. Such organelle movement moved at the same speed (1.6 micron/sec) as dissociated axoplasm. Additionally, the axoplasmic supernatant allowed for the 0.5 micron/sec movement of carboxylated latex beads along microtubules and the movement of microtubules across a glass surface. The movement of organelles and beads on microtubules was in the opposite direction from the movement of microtubules on glass.To learn more about Organelle.
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Ned observed an unknown chemical (A) reacting with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction formed potassium chloride salt (KCl) and another unknown substance (B). Ned wrote down what he knew about the reaction: A + HCl KCl + B From this information, Ned inferred that unknown substance A was potassium (K) and that unknown substance B was hydrogen (H2). What is another logical interpretation of this data? A. A is chlorine (Cl2) and B is hydrochloric acid (HCl). B. A is potassium hydroxide (KOH) and B is water (H2O). C. There is no way to infer what the unknown substances are from the given information.
Another logical interpretation of this data is option(b) i.e, A is potassium hydroxide (KOH) and B is water (H2O).
Often found in a water solution, potassium oxide is an odorless, white, or slightly yellow, flaky, or lumpy solid. It is employed in the production of soap, the lithographic process, paint and varnish removers, electroplating, and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries. Potassium Hydroxide makes up 25 to 36% of liquid drain cleaners.
Numerous industries employ caustic potash, often known as potassium hydroxide. It is employed in the production of various compounds, fertilizers, the chemical sector, mining, potassium soaps, and detergents. Potassium hydroxide's primary use in cosmetic and skincare products is to maintain a product's pH balance. Skincare product compositions must take the pH of the product into consideration. If a product's pH is overly basic or acidic,
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Gigantopithecus stood ________ feet tall and weighed ________ pounds. group of answer choices
a. six; 250
b. four; 300
c. 10; 660
d. five; 400
Gigantopithecus stood 10 feet tall and weighed 660 pounds.
The Gigantopithecus is an extinct species of giant primate that inhabited the earth during the prehistoric era and from the fossil remains that have been discovered it is known as the largest primate that has existed, based on the physiognomy of these prehistoric animals it is thought that their diet included bamboo and seasonal fruits, the closest relative today is the orangutan.
Many scientists have concluded that the origin of the extinction of the Gigantopithecus is related to an important change in the climatic conditions of its habitat to which the Gigantopithecus was unable to adapt.
What is a primate?A primate is the name given to the group of mammals that includes prosimians, monkeys and apes, including humans.
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Which fluid fills the pericardial cavity and lubricates the membranes, allowing the heart toe beat with mimimal friction?
The pericardial sac contains a very little amount of fluid known as pericardial fluid. The pericardial layers are less likely to scratch one another because of this fluid.
What is pericardial fluid?The potential space created between the two layers of serous pericardium around the heart is known as the pericardial cavity.
It typically contains a little quantity of serous fluid, which works to lubricate and lower surface tension. As a result, the cavity makes it easier for the heart to beat freely.
The pericardial sac contains a very little amount of fluid known as pericardial fluid.
Therefore, pericardial fluid fills the pericardial cavity and lubricates the membranes, allowing the heart toe beat with minimal friction.
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If you mixed gastric juice with crushed food in a test tube, what would happen?
By first denaturizing the proteins in the crushed food with HCl and then hydrolyzing them into smaller polypeptides, gastric juice would start the digestion of the proteins (pepsin).
Describe protein digestion.Protein digestion begins when you first start chewing. Amylase and lipase are two of the enzymes found in saliva. They mainly break down lipids and carbohydrates.Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and proteases enzymes break it down into smaller chains of amino acids. Amino acids are joined by peptides, which are broken down by proteases.Your stomach sends these shorter amino acid chains to your small intestine. At this time, your pancreas also releases a bicarbonate buffer to reduce the acidity of the food being digested as well as enzymes.More enzymes can now continue breaking down long amino acid chains into their constituent amino acids because to the decrease in their workload.In this stage, the following enzymes are typically used: trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidaseLearn more about the human digestive system with the help of the given link:
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a series of interconnected components that maintain a chemical or physical parameter of the body near a constant value is known as a(n) . multiple choice question. thermostatic control system effector feedback loop biological control system disturbance feedback loop
A series of interconnected components that maintain a chemical or physical parameter of the body near a constant value is known as biological control system.
What is biological control system?The mammalian organism continues to function in a stable, effective, and "near-optimal" manner and homeostasis in the face of external and internal disturbances through many biological mechanisms Physiological systems of all sizes, including the neurological, endocrine, immunological, respiratory, circulatory, etc.) to cellular (growth and proliferation control, DNA damage repair, for example) and subcellular (gene expression, protein synthesis, metabolite guidelines, etc.). In the area of control theory known as "Biological Control Systems," the role, arrangement, and coordination of from a control engineering standpoint complex multi-scale biological systems and the regulatory frameworks that allow them to effectively do their duties.
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Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because a. protists eat bacteria. b. bacteria are not made of cells. c. protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus. d. protists are photosynthetic.
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because protista have membrane bound nucleous.
Protists and prokaryotes both belong to the sameThe outcome is a kind of evolutionary family tree that shows the connections among different organisms across time. Bacteria, Archaea (both prokaryotic), and Eukarya are the three main categories or "domains" of life in this system (the eukaryotes). The protists no longer form a single group in the eukaryotic domain.
Bacteria come under prokaryotes, because bacterial DNA is not seperated from the remaining cells by a membrane bound nucleus .
So, the option C will be correct.
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Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they ________.
Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they elevate LDL levels while decreasing HDL.
LDL is the Low Density Lipoprotein. It is considered to be bad for the health of humans, and hence is also called bad cholesterol. High levels of LDL increase the risk of heart disease, stroke or attack. This happens because LDL gets accumulated in the arteries, therefore affecting the blood flow into the heart.
HDL is the High Density Lipoprotein. It is also called the good cholesterol. It is involved in the removal of other bad forms of cholesterol from the body. For good amounts of HDL in the body, the value should be greater than 60 milligrams per deciliter.
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the study of ecosystems that include people, focusing on the ways people interact with nature based on cultural values, is known as
The study of ecosystems that include people, focusing on the ways people interact with nature based on cultural values, is known as Human ecology.
Human ecology is the study of how people and other species interact across cultural boundaries. Anthropology, sociology, biology, economic history, and archeology are a few of the disciplines that have ideas and techniques that are combined in the field of human ecology.
In order to get a better knowledge of the factors that affect how people interact with their environment, human ecology researches human existence and activities in various ecosystems and historical cultures.
An integrated viewpoint that crosses traditional boundaries between the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and technology is necessary to realize the goal of a more comprehensive picture.
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The clinic nurse is caring for a client with acute bronchitis. the client asks what may have caused the infection. what may induce acute bronchitis?
According to the research, the correct option is a virus, usually from a badly treated cold or flu. It may be a cause that induces acute bronchitis.
What is acute bronchitis?It is a viral disease that produces tightness in the chest, shortness of breath and cough due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi caused by a virus.
In this sense, it usually begins with sinusitis, secretions from the nose and sore throat and then reaches the respiratory tract, it can come from poorly treated flu that becomes complicated, once affected, it is common for the patient to contract a secondary bacterial infection in the respiratory tract.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is a virus, usually from a badly treated cold or flu. It may be a cause that induces acute bronchitis.
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In general, locomotion on land will require more energy than locomotion in water. By integrating what you learned about animal form and function in Unit 7 , discuss some of the evolutionary adaptations of mammals that support the high energy requirements for moving on land.
Since they must overcome higher inertia when moving, land animals need more energy. Land animals have adapted a variety of evolutionary strategies to meet their high energy needs.
What more can be learnt?In aquatic creatures like fish, the heart has four chambers instead of the typical two. More heart divisions improve blood circulation efficiency, which in turn speeds up the transport of oxygen to cells for increased energy production.The lungs of land mammals have also evolved, increasing the output of the respiratory process by improving the efficiency of gas exchange.Land mammals have have an advanced and robust musculoskeletal system that aids in locomotion.To learn more about evolutionary adaptation visit:
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Mutagens are chemical and physical agents that induce mutations in DNA (see Concept 17.5 ). How does reduced ozone concentration in the atmosphere increase the likelihood of mutations in various organisms?
Reduced ozone levels raise the amount of UV light that reaches the earth and its inhabitants. Mutations are caused by UV radiation by disrupting thymine dimers in DNA.
What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in a signal transduction pathway?
A protein kinase is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a protein, usually activating that protein (often a second type of protein kinase). Many signal transduction pathways include a series of such interactions, in which each phosphorylated protein kinase in turn phosphorylates the next protein kinase in the series. Such phosphorylation cascades carry a signal from outside the cell to the cellular protein(s) that will carry out the response.
Protein kinases are the third messenger system, and the activity of the majority of its isoforms is frequently dependent on second messengers like cAMP and calcium.
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Which statement correctly describes why earthquakes happen?(1 point)
Earth’s crust suddenly slips along a fault.
Earth’s crust suddenly slips along a fault.
Earth’s crust near magma melts, and the ground collapses.
Earth’s crust near magma melts, and the ground collapses.
Earth’s crust switches places in a periodic manner.
Earth’s crust switches places in a periodic manner.
Earth’s crust undergoes a cycle from a solid material to magma.
Answer:
The third one
Explanation:
when it swutched it causes friction which causes earthquakes
When chyme enters the small intestine, ______ is released from the pancreas to neutralize hydrochloric acid.
When chyme enters the small intestine, pancreatic juice is released from the pancreas to neutralize hydrochloric acid.
What is pancreatic juice?Pancreatic juice is the secretion of the pancreas produced by the acini found in it, which is released for the digestion of the food that is ingested. This juice is released by the stimulation of the acidity that is given by the chyme in the duodenum.
The juice is composed of water, mineral salts, mucins and proenzymes. All these components will neutralize and digest the components of the chyme.
Therefore, we can confirm that when chyme enters the small intestine, pancreatic juice is released from the pancreas to neutralize hydrochloric acid.
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