As an infant, jerome was isolated and had no physical contact with his caregivers. as a result, he failed to form proper attachments with others in adulthood. this demonstrates that?

Answers

Answer 1

Our genetic predisposition to form attachments can be "turned off" by life experiences.

Why is the human being a social being?

Man is a social being because he lives in a group, that is, together with other men. Only by living in a group can people satisfy their needs. If he lived alone, man would be unable to take advantage of nature's numerous resources.

With this information, we can conclude that man is a social subject who, by nature, needs to belong to a collectivity. We are, therefore, community, gregarious, social and solidary animals.

Learn more about human being in brainly.com/question/22810806

#SPJ1

-As an infant, Jerome was isolated and had no physical contact

with his caregivers. As a result, he failed to form proper attachments with others in adulthood. This demonstrates that

-there is no genetic predisposition for us to be social animals.

-social connectedness is not necessary for human survival.

-life experiences have little impact on social relationships during childhood and adulthood.

-our genetic predisposition to form attachments can be "turned off" by life experiences.


Related Questions

After sedating a client, the nurse assesses that the client is frequently drowsy and drifts off during conversations. what number on the sedation scale would the nurse document for this client?

Answers

According to the Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale the nurse should document a score of 3.

What is Sedation?

Sedation is frequently used during minor surgical operations like endoscopy, vasectomy, or dental work, as well as for multiple surgeries, some aesthetic surgeries, wisdom tooth extraction, or for individuals with significant levels of anxiety. In dentistry, nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, oral sedatives, and intravenous (IV) sedatives are all sedation techniques. Relative analgesia is another name for inhalation sedation.

The intensive care unit also use sedation frequently to help patients who are receiving ventilation become acclimated to putting an endotracheal tube in their airway. Additionally, it can be utilized to calm a patient down during a prolonged brain EEG.

In order to prevent under- or over-sedation of patients, sedative scales are used in hospital situations along with a health information to determine the appropriate level of sedation.

Learn more about sedation with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/16484096

#SPJ4

Which technique does a nurse suggest to a patient with pleurisy for splinting the chest wall?

Answers

The nurse suggests to the patient with pleurisy for splinting the chest wall that he/she must turn onto the impacted side.

Instructions

The nurse turns the patient onto the affected side and instructs them on how to splint the chest wall.

The client is also given instructions by the nurse on how to effectively manage pain by applying heat or ice and taking analgesic drugs as directed. When coughing, the client can additionally splint the chest wall with a cushion.

How can pleurisy affect a person?

The majority of instances are brought on by bacterial infections or viral infections (like the flu) (such as pneumonia). In rare instances, the condition can be brought on by lung cancer or a blood clot that prevents blood from entering the lungs (pulmonary embolism).

Inflammation of the lining tissues of the chest and lungs.

Pleurisy can be brought on by illnesses like the flu and by certain medications.

How serious is pleurisy?

Inflammation of the outer lining of the lung called pleurisy. The severity might be anything from minor to fatal. Pleura, the tissue between the lungs and the rib cage, is prone to inflammation. Pleurisy is the name of this problem.

To know more about pleurisy visit:

https://brainly.com/question/4731344

#SPJ4

Anyone in 10-11?? That would have ig or s?
Which one takes longer to become a nurse or doctor? (I'm putting this so hopefully my question won't get taken down :) )

Answers

Answer:

it takes longer to become a doctor it takes 2 - 4 years to become a nurse but it takes 10 - 14 years to become a doctor! hope that helps!!

i’m in 10th, it would take longer to become a doctor. I have both s and ig.

Which focused assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?

Answers

The focused assessment finding that warrants immediate intervention by the nurse is Kussmaul respirations.

What is Kussmaul respirations?

Kussmaul respirations is characterized by a deep, rapid breathing pattern.

Kussmaul respirations is typically an indication that the body or organs have become too acidic. In an attempt to expel carbon dioxide, which is an acidic compound in blood, the body starts to breathe faster and deeper.

Thus,  the focused assessment finding that warrants immediate intervention by the nurse is Kussmaul respirations.

Learn more about Kussmaul respirations here: https://brainly.com/question/12864453

#SPJ1

What effect can alcohol exposure in the last three months of pregnancy have on an unborn baby?

Answers

Alcohol use in the first three months of pregnancy can cause the baby to have abnormal facial features. Growth and central nervous system problems (e.g., low birthweight, behavioral problems) can occur from alcohol use anytime during pregnancy.

Answer:

Behavior problems and low birthweight, as well as birth defects.

Explanation:

Hope it helps!! =D

5. Identify the factor that does NOT influence personality.
Oheredity
friends
culture
eye color
6. Which

Answers

Answer: eye colour

Explanation: Most physical components of a person do NOT influence their personality.

During discharge teaching, a nurse is instructing a client about pneumonia. the client demonstrates his understanding of relapse when he states that he must?

Answers

Continué to take antibiotics for 10 days.,

Step Aerobics covers many Fitness Components such as Cardiovascular Endurance, Coordination, Muscular Endurance, and Balance. Choose 2 fitness components and explain the reasons why these components can be improved whilst doing Step Aerobics.

Answers

Step aerobics can help you improve coordination because these aerobics imply rhytmic movements and endurance because they require resistance.

What is step aerobics?

Step aerobics is a type of exercise that was created based on regular aerobics; however, in step aerobics, a block is used and the coordinated movements imply stepping up to an down this block.

How can step aerobics help you improve in different areas?

Step aerobics is a very complete physical activity as it can help you improve many differnt areas such as:

EnduranceCoordinationBalanceAmong othersHow can step aerobics help you improve coordination?

In this type of exercise you have follow a sequence of movements that can involve not only leg but also arm coordiantion.

How can step aerobics help you improve endurance?

Even when it seems a simple exercise, step aerobics activate many muscles and due to this, endurance or resistance is required.

Learn more about aerobics here https://brainly.com/question/2428731

#SPJ1

What special problems would result from the loss of 50 of a person's functional skin surface

Answers

Infection risk increases, dehydration is a problem, controlling body temperature is difficult, and osteoclastic action is interrupted because vitamin D is not released into the bones (bones would become weak).

In order to make up for this loss, a patient must take antibiotics to combat infection, vitamin D, fluids to prevent dehydration, and reverse isolation from caregivers while also receiving fluids.

What elements influence the ageing skin’s susceptibility to infection?

As sebaceous glands generate less sebum, the acidity of sebum’s defense against infection is diminished.

Older people are more susceptible to skin infections because this reduces their skin’s ability to fight off disease and infections.

Which of the following skin changes is typically brought on by ageing?

Even though the number of cell layers does not change with age, the outer skin layer (epidermis) becomes thinner. Melanocytes, which are cells that contain pigment, become less numerous.

The size of the remaining melanocytes increases. Aged skin seems clearer, paler, and thinner (translucent).

To know more about skin visit:

https://brainly.com/question/20693358

#SPJ4

The client displays manifestations of compartment syndrome. what treatment will the nurse expect the client to be scheduled for?

Answers

The client displays manifestations of compartment syndrome and treatment which the nurse will expect the client to be scheduled for is a fasciotomy.

Compartment syndrome happens once pressure rises in and around muscles. The pressure is painful and may be dangerous. Compartment syndrome will limit the flow of blood, element and nutrients to muscles and nerves. It will cause serious harm and potential death. Compartment syndrome happens most frequently within the lower leg.

A fasciotomy treatment is a procedure accustomed decompress acute compartment syndrome. Most ordinarily, acute compartment syndrome happens within the leg and also the forearm within the setting of acute trauma.

To learn more about Fasciotomy here

brainly.com/question/11180783

#SPJ4

Chronic stress can lead to __________________ which can result in the body's inability to shut off the stress response.

Answers

Answer:

anxiety

Explanation:

When providing care for a client who has a peripheral intravenous catheter in situ, the nurse should?

Answers

When providing care for a client who has a peripheral intravenous catheter in situ, the nurse should take the intervention of change the site every three to four days while implementing in the care of this IV.

Peripheral intravenous catheter are the commonly used intravenous device in hospitalized clients. they're primarily used for therapeutic functions like administration of medicines, fluids and/or blood products additionally as blood sampling.

All Peripheral intravenous catheter are to be removed as before they are no long needed and are in adults don't seem to be to stay in place longer than seventy two hours.

To learn more about Peripheral intravenous catheter here

brainly.com/question/28482516

#SPJ4

The nurse is caring for a child who has been admitted with a diagnosis of asthma. what laboratory/diagnostic tool would likely have been used for this child?

Answers

The laboratory/diagnostic tool would likely have been used for this child is a pulmonary functions test.

What is a pulmonary functions test?

A full assessment of the respiratory system, including pulmonary function tests, physical examinations, and patient histories, is known as pulmonary function testing. Identifying the degree of pulmonary impairment is the main goal of pulmonary function testing.

There are several tests that determine how well the lungs function, including lung function tests (also known as pulmonary function tests). Spirometry is the most basic examination. The amount of air the lungs can contain is determined by this test. The test also measures how forcefully one can empty air from the lungs. This is appropriate for an individual that has asthma.

Learn more nurse on:

https://brainly.com/question/6685374

#SPJ4

The nurse is caring for a client who lives alone and had a total knee replacement. an appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client is?

Answers

The nurse is caring for a client who lives alone and had a total knee replacement. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client is risk of infection, lack of physical mobility and acute pain.

A patient that had undergone a total knee surgery should be protected from any infections this can be done by keeping the surrounding environments clean, washing hands regularly, cleaning the area with disinfectants etc.

As the patient is not allowed for any movement they should try to move body parts they can without any discomfort to keep other parts moving and not the ones injured. The nurse should also look out for any critical pain symptoms caused due to any reasons that the patient may have.

To know more about knee replacement refer to the link below

https://brainly.com/question/28365934

#SPJ4

The nurse has received a total bilirubin laboratory report of 7 mg/dl on a newborn who is 24 hours old. what action, if any should the nurse take?

Answers

The nurse has received a total bilirubin laboratory report of 7 mg/dl on a newborn who is 24 hours old and the action which the nurse should take is pathological jaundice and order for phototherapy.

Normal results for a complete bilirubin laboratory report are 1.2 milligrams / dl (mg/dL) for adults and frequently 1 mg/dL for those below eighteen. Normal results for direct bilirubin laboratory report are  usually 0.3 mg/dL. These results might vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory.

The newborn incorporates a bilirubin level of 7 mg/dL within the 1st twenty four hours, that is taken into account of pathological jaundice. The nurse ought to report this to the supplier and suggest that the newborn has an order for phototherapy so as to eliminate the high level of bilirubin within the blood, and come it back to the expected range.

To learn more about Phototherapy here

brainly.com/question/28271633

#SPJ4

A client has fluid volume excess. which are the symptoms the client might exhibit due to fluid volume excess?

Answers

The symptoms that shows that the volume of fluid become excess in the body is sudden weight gain and it increases rapidly, and body swells.

What is hypervolemia?

Fluid volume excess is known as the increasing percentage of fluid in the body than normal range.The symptoms that shows that the volume of fluid become excess in the body is sudden weight gain and it increases rapidly, and body swells, feeling problem in breathing and high pressure of blood. These are the common symptoms of fluid volume excess in the body.

The main reason behind hypervolemia is taking high percentage of salt or sodium in the diet and this leads to fluid volume excess in the body and there will be swelling in the body.

Therefore, The symptoms that shows that the volume of fluid become excess in the body is sudden weight gain and it increases rapidly, and body swells.

Learn more about hypervolemia here:

https://brainly.com/question/28547710

#SPJ4

If million people are insured, then the price elasticity of demand for health insurance is?

Answers

Recent research has evaluated that the demand for insured health services is inelastic to price.

The measure of the response of a consumer to a change in the price of a product is called the elasticity of demand. Most of the estimation of the price elasticity of demand for health insurance is  about –0.2.Most of the estimated price elasticities differ by the type of the services such as the insured consumers cutting back on their overall health spending by 2 percent in response to a 10 percent increase in the price of health insurance, whereas Low-income consumers are sensitive to the changes in the price of the insurance, and they experience more negative consequences from higher cost sharing.More recent studies have claimed that there are service-specific differences in the price elasticity of demand.

To know more about the elasticity of demand refer to the link   https://brainly.com/question/23301086?referrer=searchResults.

#SPJ4

The patient has been diagnosed with urge incontinence. what classification of medication does the nurse expect the patient will be placed on to help alleviate the symptoms?

Answers

Anticholinergic medications such as Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL, Oxytrol, Gelnique) Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrol LA) Darifenacin would help to alleviate the symptoms.

What is urge incontinence?

Urge incontinence is the inability to hold back a sudden, intense urge to urinate.

The bladder then contracts or spasms, causing pee loss.

Overactive bladders are common in those who experience urge incontinence.

The organ in your urinary system that stores pee is your bladder.

Your bladder's muscles contract (squeeze) more frequently than they should if you have an overactive bladder.

Urge incontinence is commonly treated with the anticholinergic drugs tolterodine (Detrol) and oxybutynin (Ditropan; Oxytrol).

However, these drugs are not the most efficient treatments.

Medication shouldn't be used as the first line of treatment because behavior therapies are more efficient.

To learn more about urge incontinence, refer

https://brainly.com/question/27960779

#SPJ4

How many days does a ce have to act on an individuals request to access his/her health record?

Answers

Ace have to act on an individuals request to access his/her health record for 30 calendar days Under the HIPAA Privacy Rule.

What is a health record?

When referring to the systematic documentation of a patient's medical history and care over time under the purview of a single health care provider, the terms medical record, health record, and medical chart are frequently used interchangeably.

A health record is made up of a variety of "notes" that healthcare professionals have entered over time, including observations, the administration of medications and therapies, orders for the administration of medications and therapies, test results, x-rays, reports, etc. The upkeep of thorough and accurate medical records is a requirement of healthcare professionals and is typically enforced as a requirement for licensing or certification.

To learn more about health record with the help of given link:

https://brainly.com/question/27961297

#SPJ4

A(n) ________ is a computing system modeled after the human brain that is used to predict values and make classifications.

Answers

A neural network is a computing system modeled after the human brain that is used to predict values and make classifications.

What is neural network?

In the modern meaning, a neural network is an artificial neural network made up of synthetic neurons or nodes. A neural network is a network or circuit of biological neurons. Consequently, a neural network can be either a biological neural network consisting of organic neurons or an artificial neural network used to address challenges in artificial intelligence. Artificial neural networks model biological neuron connections as weights between nodes. An excitatory link is represented by a positive weight, whereas an inhibitory connection is represented by a negative weight. Each input is given a weight before being added together. Linear combination is the term used to describe this action. The output's amplitude is controlled by an activation function. An acceptable output range, for instance, can be between 0 and 1, or it might be between 1 and 1.

To learn more about Artificial neural networks click on the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/25653113

#SPJ4

Gerald has lung cancer. according to his physician, the cancer has metastasized, which means it has?

Answers

Having lung cancer is Gerald. His doctor says that cancer has metastasized, which implies that it has spread.

What exactly does it indicate when cancer has metastasized?

When cancer cells metastasize, they separate from the primary tumor they originally formed (primary cancer), move via the blood or lymphatic system, and create new tumors (metastatic tumors) in different regions of the body. The main tumor's malignancy also spread to the metastatic tumor.

What transpires once cancer metastasized?

Cancer cells that separate from the primary tumor and travel through the circulation or lymphatic system to other parts of the body are said to have metastatic cancer. The majority of metastatic malignancies are treatable but incurable. A course of treatment can lessen your symptoms, stop the spread of the cancer, and enhance your quality of life.

Learn more about lung cancer: https://brainly.com/question/28209522

#SPJ4

When taylor begins to feel drowsy while driving, she opens her window, turns up the volume of the car stereo, and sips ice-cold water. how do these actions help keep her awake?

Answers

The action mentioned helps in changing the sleep senses and thus make you feel fresh.

What is Sleep?

Reduced interactions with the outside world, altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, lowered muscle activity, and suppression of nearly all voluntary muscles during eye movement movement (REM) sleep are all characteristics of the found naturally state of mind and body known as sleep. It can respond to stimuli less quickly than alertness, but more quickly than a coma or other disorders of awareness, with sleep exhibiting unique, active brain patterns.

The body switches between REM sleep and non-REM sleep during recurring periods of sleep, which happen in cycles. REM stands for "rapid eye movement," but this type of sleep also includes many other features, such as virtually paralyzing the body.

Learn more about Sleep with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/9779407

#SPJ4

The client has been diagnosis with severe sepsis. which finding would indicate the client is experiencing low cardiac output?

Answers

Severe sepsis has been diagnosed in the client. Tachycardia and hypotension suggest that the patient's cardiac output is poor.

Tachycardia and hypotension would be signs of a decreased cardiac output.

What is a low cardiac output sign?

Low cardiac output symptoms, which are brought on by the heart's inability to pump out enough blood, reduce the amount of blood reaching the brain and other essential organs. Lightheadedness, exhaustion, and decreased urine production are some of these symptoms.

What occurs when sepsis is severe?

When an infection that you already have triggers a chain of events that spreads throughout your body, sepsis results. The gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, lungs, or skin are where infections that result in sepsis most usually start. If sepsis is not treated right away, it can quickly result in organ failure, tissue damage, and even death.

Learn more about Severe sepsis: https://brainly.com/question/5574337

#SPJ4

Who should address the needs of a patient with a mental disorder?

A. A speech therapist
B. An international medicine doctor
C. A mental health professional
D. A medical intern

I would really appreciate the help

Answers

Answer:

C. A mental health professional

Explanation:

because their a mental health professional

Answer:

A mental Health professional

Explanation:

They have the most experince out of everybody else there a mental intern could be good but it will not help the person with a mental disorder.

Which problem-based nursing care plan will the nurse indicate as priority for the child following cardiac surgery for tetralogy of fallot?

Answers

The problem-based nursing care plan that the nurse indicate as priority for the child following cardiac surgery for tetralogy of fallot is assessing for ineffective cardiopulmonary tissue percussion.

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Tetralogy of fallot is defined as the cardiac disorder that is present at birth which consists of the following four heart defects combined together;

Ventricular septal defect,

A misplaced aorta,

A thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy) and

Pulmonary stenosis.

The major problem causes by this defect or disorder is the inability of the body cells to obtain oxygen-rich blood as blood flow to the lungs is reduced.

Therefore, the problem-based nursing care plan that the nurse indicate as priority for the child following cardiac surgery for tetralogy of fallot is assessing for ineffective cardiopulmonary tissue percussion.

Learn more about cardiac surgery here:

https://brainly.com/question/25771019

#SPJ1

discuss three consequences of the social problem one individual​

Answers

Answer:

health

Explanation:

One individual consequence or social problem is ignoring your health.

Kalisha is pregnant and addicted to nicotine. she asks her doctor to convince her that smoking will harm the baby. the doctor will most likely tell kalisha that she risks?

Answers

The doctor will most likely indicate to Kalisha that is she smoking then she is in risk of having a less-healthy baby.

Does smoking affect embryo/fetus development?

It has been scientifically demonstrated that smoking is a risk factor capable of increasing the health risks during embryo-fetus development, including pre-term birth and underweight.    

In conclusion, the doctor will most likely indicate to Kalisha that is she smoking then she is in risk of having a less-healthy baby.

Learn more about smoking  and health problems here:

https://brainly.com/question/26187004

#SPJ4

Infants are more likely to distinguish between faces to which they have been exposed than faces they have never seen. this is described as?

Answers

Infants are more likely to be able to tell between familiar faces from those they have never seen. The perceptual narrowing is the term used to explain this.

What causes the perception of a narrowing?

In their first year of life, newborns go through a process called perceptual narrowing that lessens their sensitivity to groups of stimuli that they do not encounter in their surroundings. Perceptual constriction for faces and speech may be influenced by similar domain-general processes, according to a theory.

The significance of perceptual narrowing

The ability to distinguish or recognise stimuli that are absent from or irrelevant to the infant's environment decreases as a result of this process, termed as perceptual constriction. Perceptual constriction has been discovered so far for both audio and visual perception.

Learn more about visual perception: https://brainly.com/question/10259599

#SPJ4

A patient with congestive heart failure is given a diuretic to reduce excess fluid volume. the patient has lost 2 pounds. how many liters of fluid have been lost? insert numeral only.

Answers

Please be well informed that a patient who lost 2 pounds of fluid has only lost 1 litre of fluid

So this goes to say that a client with congestive heart failure when given a diuretic to reduce excess fluid volume and has lost 2 pounds only lost 1 litre of fluid

That being said, heart failure is characterized by symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath and so on.

Heart problems

Heart problems are those health conditions or health problems which cause disorders or diseases in the heart.

The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body which pumps blood throughout the body. It is connected with various blood vessels such as arteries and veins.

The arteries takes oxygenated blood from the heart and supply various organs and tissues.The veins takes away deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body and return it back to the heart.

Some heart problems include heart attack, heart failure etc

Some of these are diseases or disorders of the heart are caused by damages to part of the heart or disease.

So therefore, please be well informed that a patient who lost 2 pounds of fluid has only lost 1 litre of fluid.

Learn more about health problems:

https://brainly.com/question/1382377

#SPJ1

Select the correct answer.
Ron has a family history of high blood pressure.
has he used to improve his health?
He has studied the causes, signs, and possible outcomes of the disease. What kind of strategy
O A. He has found immediate and cumulative risks.
O B. He has set long-term and short-term goals.
O c
He has incorporated risk reduction into his life.
O D. He has increased his knowledge.fddds

Answers

D

hope this helps

hhuygjfgytrrfgh

Other Questions
What is the fewest number of intersection points that two planes can have? In humans, iron is a trace element required for the proper functioning of hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells. What might be the effects of an iron deficiency? in the integrative negotiation process, when creating and claiming value, the goal is to push the potential negotiation solutions to the pareto efficient frontier. which of the following describes the pareto efficient frontier? shifting of activation center in the brain during muscle fatigue: an explanation of minimal central fatigue How did the new deal hope to stimulate industrial recovery A profit formula for dining plates from the previous year was modeled by the function p(d) = "15d2 1,200d " 2,000. the manufacturer noticed an increase in the number of units sold by 50% the next year, which can be modeled by the function l(d) = 1.5d. which composite function can be used to find the new profit formula after the increase in the number of units? p(d) = "7.5d2 600d " 2,000 p(d) = "3.75d2 600d " 2,000 p(d) = "22.5d2 1,800d " 2,000 p(d) = "33.75d2 1,800d " 2,000 Which country has the largest percentage of church-going people in the industrialized world? which one of the following financial statements show the end of the year cash balance for a business entity? Attitudes are __________________. innate generally positive learned unchangeable generally negative Lyrics of Atin Cu Pung Singsing Electricity rates. The table to the right shows the electricityrates charged by Better Than Lightning Utilities in the wintermonths.a. Write a piecewise definition of the monthly charge W(x) for acustomer who uses x kWh in a winter month.b. Determine the graph of W(x)Winter (November-June)Base charge, $8.50First 300 kWh or less at 0.0650/kWhOver 300 kWh at 0.0850/kWh how might the r2d2 drones influence employee behavior? do you think they will cause people to act more or less ethically? why? many organizations already use electronic monitoring of employees, including sifting through website usage and e-mail correspondence, often without the employee's direct knowledge. in what ways might drone monitoring be better or worse for employees than covert electronic monitoring of web or e-mail activity? Why did modern man end up outlasting the Netherlands? What did they do better and how? Evaluate the expression for the given values. m +7 n if m=4 and n=-2 how can organizations meet the needs of their stakeholders and thus achieve sustainability? (select all that apply)multiple select question.by paying employees a fair wage and maintaining workplace safetyby offering low-quality products that reduce expenses and increase profitsby minimizing their damage to the environmentby delivering an adequate return to investors identify le stuff pleeeeeeeeeeeese the importance ofvalidity, relationships, and change in marriage and family therapy research summary What term describes the values, attitudes, beliefs, traditions, habits, and general behavioral patterns that develop over time and shape the politics of a particular region? The rate of population growth in texas over the last decade can be characterized as? What is "descent with modification"described as?A. a structure that is the same in all organisms just withsmall differences in its purposeB. the way organisms descend from a common ancestorjust with slight modificationsC. how a structure has a similiar function but differentformD. a type of structure that past ancestors used but nolonger has a purpose for current organisms