aroma 101:volatility is defined as group of answer choices how quickly a substance solidifies how quickly a substance will react with another substance the speed or rate at which a substance evaporates when exposed to the air the speed at which a plant produces an essential oil

Answer:

Going down a family means the elements are getting larger.  As more electrons surround the positively charged nucleus, they reduce the attractive electrostatic force because they are further away, and existing electrons repulse them.

Explanation:

Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an element has for electrons.  Fluorine has a high electronegativity (2.98), while Francium does not (0.7).  Fluorine more readily attracts other electrons.  When going down a family on the periodic table, electronegativity decreases.  This is because the existing electrons have already filled the electron shells closest to the positive nucleus.  A new electron arriving near Francium doesn't experience the full attraction of the nucleus since it so far away.  The existing electrons form a repulsive barrier.

-22.57 kJ of heat energy will be absorbed when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced.

To determine the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of ammonia (NH3) is produced, we need to use the balanced equation for the reaction and the heat of formation for NH3.

The balanced equation for the production of NH3 is:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

The heat of formation, or delta Hf, of a substance is the amount of heat absorbed or released when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements at standard conditions. The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) for NH3 is -46.19 kJ/mol

To find out the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced, we need to know the molar mass of NH3 and use it to convert the mass to moles, then multiply it by the enthalpy of formation.

The molar mass of NH3 is equal to 17 g/mol.

8.33 grams NH3 / 17 g/mol = 0.492 mol NH3

The heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced is:

-46.19 kJ/mol * 0.492 mol NH3 = -22.57 kJ

So, -22.57 kJ of heat energy will be absorbed when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced.

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Answer:

The separation of sodium and chlorine from sodium chloride

Explanation:

When sodium chloride reacts with water to form the aquated sodium and chloride ions, the entropy increases and thus the reaction is spontaneous

Basalt is an ingenious salt which is found near the surface. Limestone fossils are found in sedimentary sequences and they are old by 2.7 billion years. Sand stones with trilobites are old about 500 million years.

Rocks are the major parts of the tectonic plates of earth, There are broadly three classes of rocks namely, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Basalt is a type of well grained igneous rocks found near the surface of earth. Rapid cooling of lava rich in Mg and Ca composes Basalt rock

Limestone, a form of carbonate sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The minerals calcite and aragonite, which are various crystal forms of CaCO3, make up the majority of its material. When these minerals separate from water that has dissolved calcium, limestone is created.

Sileous sandstone is a typical component of nearshore deposits about 500-600 million years of age. This often grades into siltstone and shale as it moves into the sea, with finer-grained sediment accumulating in deeper water to create these rocks.

Shale rocks with ammonites have an age of about 70 million years. Ammonites are spiral shaped fossilized shells of marine animals.

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The prediction that is supported by the information in the table is: "K will give up an electron more easily than Br."

This can be determined by looking at the electron configuration of K and Br. Potassium (K) is located in group 1 of the periodic table and has one valence electron in its outermost shell. Bromine (Br) is located in group 17 of the periodic table and has seven valence electrons in its outermost shell. The closer an element is to the edge of a group, the more likely it is to lose electrons and form a positive ion (cation). As K is closer to the edge of group 1 and has fewer valence electrons than Br, it is more likely to lose an electron and become a cation, K+.

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Answer:

a Naturally occurring and stable =

b. naturally occurring and radioactive

Explanation:

This is answer is given the following

The energy that is stored in the spring is 2.94 J.

We have to note that the elastic potential energy of the spring is the energy that has been stored in the spring and it is released to be able to do work once we pull the spring.

In this case we already know that;

W = 1/2Ke^2

W = work done

K = force constant

e = extension

Thus;

W = 0.5 * 3 * 1.4^2

W = 2.94 J

We can see that the stored energy for the spring in question is 2.94 J of energy stored.

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If the scientist repeats the experiment using lower concentrations of lead than those she used initially, she can draw several conclusions based on the results of the experiment.

If she finds that the results are similar or the same as her initial experiment, she can conclude that the effect observed in her initial experiment is likely due to the lead and not a result of chance. This would provide support for her hypothesis that lead is responsible for the observed effect. Additionally, this could also indicate that the effect is likely to be present at a wide range of lead concentrations, and not just at the higher concentrations used in the initial experiment. If the results are different, however, she may conclude that the effect is dependent on the concentration of lead and that lower concentrations have a weaker effect.   For example, she may have used different methods for preparing the lead solutions in the repeat experiment which could have led to variations in the final concentrations.

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Moles=Concentration x Volume

Moles = 0.100 x (75/1000) = 0.0075 moles.

We can use the molar mass of AgCl to calculate the mass of AgCl precipitate formed:

Mass of AgCl = moles of AgCl x molar mass of AgCl

mass of AgCl = 0.0075 moles x 143.32 g/mole

mass of AgCl = 1.07 g

It is well verified that AgCl is insoluble in water while NaCl and KCl are soluble. Hence, AgCl is very much less soluble than NaCl or KCl.

The base of silver is weak, whereas chlorine acid is strong. When the weak base responds with a strong acid, it forms acidic salt. It indicates the salt that produces acidic pH, becomes a base when liquefied in water.

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5.75 moles of water vapor require 2.875 moles of methane, CH4, which is required in a different way.

The moles of CH4 that reacted from the balanced equation will be obtained first.

O2 + CH4 = CO2 + 2H2O

Given the above-mentioned balanced equation,

From 1 mole of CH4, 2 moles of H2O were created.

We can calculate the amount of moles of CH4 required for the reaction using the information above. Details are provided below:

Given the above-mentioned balanced equation,

From 1 mole of CH4, 2 moles of H2O were created.

Therefore,

The formula is: (5.75 1) / 2 = 2.875 moles of CH4 yields 5.75 moles of H2O.

The formula is: (5.75 1) / 2 = 2.875 moles of CH4 yields 5.75 moles of H2O.

In light of this, we can say that 2.875 moles of CH4 are required.

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Aluminum + hydrochloride acid yield aluminum chloride + hydrogen gas therefore the balanced equation is 2Al+6HCl→2AlCl₃+3H₂.

This is referred to as the process in which one or more substances which are called the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances known as the products and it involves the exchange of electrons between elements.

In this scenario, when Aluminum and hydrochloride acid reacts they form aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas which is the product and the equation can be seen above.

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The NaCl solution has a 1.7 L volume.

Molarity (M) is calculated by dividing the volume of the solution (V) in liters by the number of moles of solute (n). Not moles of solute per liter of solvent, but rather moles of solute per liter of solution, is a crucial distinction to make when defining molarity.

The volume of the NaCl solution is 1.7 L.

First step: Information is given

The molarity of sodium chloride is 1.8 M.

The mass of sodium chloride is 175 grams.

The molecular weight of sodium chloride is 58.44 g/mol.

Step 2: Calculate the moles of sodium chloride.

Mass NaCl divided by molar mass NaCl equals moles of NaCl.

58.44 grams/mole of sodium chloride, or 175.0 grams

2.995 moles are equal to one NaCl mole.

3. Calculate the volume of the solution.

Ratio of volume to mole

Volume equals Molarity times Molar NaCl.

Volume = 1.9 M / 2.995 M

= 1.66 to 2.7 liters in volume.

The NaCl solution has a 1.7 L volume.

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Complete Question -

Calculate the volume in liters of a 1.8M sodium chloride solution that contains 175. g of sodium chloride (NaCI). Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Answer:To find the amount of energy needed to warm the piece of copper from 11°C to 27°C, you can use the formula:

Energy = (mass of copper) x (specific heat of copper) x (change in temperature)

So in this case, the energy would be:

Energy = (3.8 grams) x (0.32 Joules/((1g)(1°C))) x (27°C - 11°C)

Energy = 3.8 x 0.32 x 16

Energy = 12.288 Joules

Therefore, 12.288 Joules of energy is needed to warm the piece of copper from 11°C to 27°C.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Creating products that improve people's lives.

2. Remaining impartial about data while conducting experiments.

Water is necessary for life. b) Nearly colorless property of water has the least impact on life

While all of the properties of water are important for life, the property of being nearly colorless is the one that affects life the least. The other properties, such as hydrogen bonding, cohesiveness, high heat capacity, and high heat of vaporization, all play critical roles in the functioning of living organisms and the environment. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its high surface tension, which allows for the cohesion of water molecules that allows for the movement of water in plants, and the cohesion and adhesion property of water that allows for the movement of water in rivers and oceans. High heat capacity and high heat of vaporization are also important for maintaining a stable temperature range for living organisms.

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The complete chemical formula for the unknown compound P₄Sₓ  is  P₄S₆.

The given unknown compound has the formula P₄Sₓ , where P stands for phosphorus and S stands for sulphur. "X" stands for a whole number which denotes the number of sulphur atoms in the compound.

To determine the value of "X" we need to know the ratio between P and S. There are 4 phosphorus atoms present in the compound.

Since it is given that, we have 6.3 moles of phosphorus(P) and 9.4 moles of sulphur (S). In order to express this in terms of 1, we can divide both sides by 6.3 moles to get a ratio of 1 to 1.5

P= 6.3/6.3= 1

S= 9.4/6.3=1.5

This implies, for every 1 P, there is 1.5 S . So, for 4 P we get;

P= 1× 4= 4

S= 1.5× 4= 6

Thus, for every 4 P we will have 6 S.

Hence, the complete chemical formula is P₄S₆.

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No, it would not be very probable to happen because the first element, neon, is already stable due to the fact that the outermost shell of its atom is completely filled.

An electron that is linked with an atom and that can take part in the development of a chemical bond is referred to as a valence electron. In the formation of a single covalent bond, each of the atoms in the bond contributes one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.

It is possible for the existence of valence electrons to determine the chemical characteristics of an element as well as whether or not it can form bonds with other elements. A valence electron can only exist in the most outer electron shell of an element that is part of the main group.

An atom that has its valence shell completely filled with electrons has a high probability of being chemically inert. A highly reactive atom is one that has one or two valence electrons in excess of what is required for a closed shell. This is because the additional valence electrons can be quickly stripped away to produce a positive ion.

An atom that has one or two valence electrons less than a closed shell is also extremely reactive. This is due to the fact that such an atom has a greater propensity to either gain the missing valence electrons or share valence electrons with neighboring atoms.

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More stability is demonstrated by [Fe(C). 2 \s​ \s O \s4 \s​ \s ] \s3− In comparison to non-chelates, metal chelates are more stable. Oxalate produces metal chelates.

stability and is a bidentate ligand. Because of this, [Fe(C 2 O 4 ] 3 is more stable.the four Spartan files is most likely to be the best approximation of the actual complex, SEFeox3LS, SEFeox3HS, B3LYPFeox3LS, or B3LYPFeox3HS. Open that file the one deemed to be the most stable spin case of Fe ( ox ) 3 − 3 in the previous . Go to the Setup window and choose Calculations. Click the boxes next to Infrared Spectra and Vibrational Modes. The calculation time will depend on the processor in the computer, but may need to run overnight [Co(en)3] [Co(NH3)6] is less stable than 3+. As [Co(en)3], 3+ Due to the presence of the bidentate ligand, ethylene diamine, 3+ is a metal chelate. Comparatively speaking, monodentate lignad-only complexes are less stable than metal chelates.

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We would need to measure  25.5 g of the potassium hydrogen phthalate an d make up to  500cm³ mark.

We know that we can be able to prepare a chemical if we can be able to measure out a given mass of the chemical that is in question and then make up to the mass that we need.

In the case of the  Potassium hydrogen phthalate  that we have;

Number of moles to be prepared = concentration * volume

= 0.25 mol/dm³ * 500/1000 L

= 0.125 moles

Mass of the compound = Molar mass * Number of moles

= 0.125 moles * 204 g/mol

= 25.5 g

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A molecule will always be polar if it has polar bonds.

For a molecule to be polar, it must have polar bonds and have those bonds organized in such a way that the bond dipoles do not cancel each other out. Molecules that are polar have both positively and negatively charged parts. A common polar substance is water. Because of its structure and the types of bonds it contains, the molecule has a slight positive charge at one end (the hydrogen end) and a slight negative charge at the other (the oxygen end). Due to the uneven distribution of electrons among the atoms and the asymmetrical nature of the water molecule, the hydrogen atoms at one pole of the molecule are positively charged, while the oxygen atoms at the other pole are negatively charged (side). We use the term "electrically polar" to describe the water molecule.

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The chemical formula for ferric ion (Fe3+) is Fe(III) or Fe3+. To calculate the number of ions contained in a given quantity of a material, multiply the number of moles by FeBr3 Avogadro's number.

There would be 1.00 x Avogadro's number of Fe(III) ions in 1.00 mole of Fe(III) (FeBr3). The value of Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 1023 atoms or ions per mole. So there are roughly 6.022 x 1023 Fe(III) ions in 1.00 mole of FeBr3. Although commercially accessible at a low cost, FeBr3 may be made by treating iron metal with bromine:2 Fe+3 Br2 2 FeBr3 FeBr3 decomposes to ferrous bromide over 200 °C: 2FeBr3 + Br2 = 2FeBr2 + Br2 Because chlorine has a higher oxidizing activity, iron(III) chloride is much more stable. FeI3 is unstable because iron(III) oxidizes.For every mole of iron (III) bromide, which has the formula FeBr3 F e B r 3, three moles of bromide ions are present. The chemical compound with the formula FeBr3 is iron(III) bromide.

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Carbohydrates usually contain a carbonyl (=O) and hydroxyl (−OH) functional group.

Carbonyl (=O) and hydroxyl (=OH) functional groups are typically present in carbohydrates. In polysaccharides, where the hydroxyl groups typically establish hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups, the carbonyl group joins with a carbon atom to form a ring structure. Amino, carboxyl, and R are the functional groups found in proteins (variant). Note: Complex assemblies are created when proteins interact with other biological macromolecules and one another.

Based on the functional monomer found in carbs, this classification was created. Ketone and aldehyde serve as monomers in carbohydrates. That suggests that carbs are divided into aldose and ketose. Depending on how many carbon atoms there are, carbohydrates can be divided into numerous categories.

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The chemical change that would provide evidence of exothermic reaction is evolution of heat.

Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.

There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

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When 1,1-dibromo-4-methylhexane is treated first with excess sodium amide and quenched with water will give 1-bromo-4-methylhexane as the final product. This reaction is a reductive amination.

Here the sodium amide acts as a reducing agent to convert the C=C double bond into a C-C single bond and the nitrogen atom acts as a nucleophile to displace the bromine atom. The catalytic hydrogenation is then used to reduce the remaining C-Br bond to a C-H bond, which results in 1-bromo-4-methylhexane.

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Water is released and passes through a turbine to produce electricity.

A mechanical device called a turbine transforms the kinetic energy of moving water into mechanical energy. A generator is then used to turn this mechanical energy into electrical energy. A shaft connects the turbine and generator, allowing the turbine to spin the generator and generate power. The turbine's blades spin as the water passes past it, spinning the generator, which produces power. This method is referred to as hydropower and is a renewable energy source.

The ideas Faraday established form the foundation of how a generator works. He discovered that moving a magnet past a conductor makes electricity flow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct current through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel laminations. These are called field poles and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor.

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At room temperature in a vacuum, the distance r in nanometers beyond which the interaction energy between a barium ion and a bromide ion drops below kt is 334400 nm.

The electrostatic force between two charges is expressed mathematically as, [tex]F_e=k\frac{Q_1\times Q_2}{r^2}[/tex] where Q₁ and Q₂ represent the charges, r represents the distance between the charges, and k (9×10⁹ Nm²/C²) represents the Coulombs constant.

Also, charge on Barium,

[tex]\begin{aligned}Q_1&=+2p\\&= \mathrm{2\times1.6\times10^{-19}\;C}\\&= \mathrm{3.2\times10^{-19}\;C}\end{aligned}[/tex]

The charge on Bromide ion,

[tex]\begin{aligned}Q_2&=-1p\\&= \mathrm{-1\times1.6\times10^{-19}\; C} \\&= \mathrm{-1.6\times10^{-19}\; C}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Then,

[tex]\begin{aligned} F_e&=\frac{(9\times10^9\times 3.2\times10^{-19}\times1.6\times10^{-19})}{r^2}\\&= \frac{(46\times10^{-29})}{r^2}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Also, F= kT where k represents the Boltzmann constant and T represents the room temperature (298 K).

Then,

[tex]\begin{aligned}F&=\mathrm{1.38\times10^{-23}\;J/K\times298\;K}\\&=\mathrm{41.124\times 10^{-22}\; J}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Solving both forces,

[tex]\begin{aligned}\frac{46\times10^{-29}}{r^2}& = 41.124 \times 10^{-22}\\r^2&=\frac{46\times10^{-29}}{41.124 \times 10^{-22}}\\&=1.1185\times10^{-7}\\r&=\mathrm{3.344\times10^{-4}\;m}\\&=\mathrm{334400\;nm}\end{aligned}[/tex]

The required answer in nanometers is 334400 nm.

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We can calculate the number of moles of magnesium that is equivalent to the bromobenzene used:

n_Mg = n_Br * 1.25 = 0.020mol * 1.25 = 0.025mol

Finally, we can calculate the mass of magnesium:

m = n * M

m = 0.025mol * 24.31 g/mol = 0.6 g.

So the mass of magnesium turnings equivalent to the amount of bromobenzene used is 0.6 g.

A molar equivalent is a unit of measurement that corresponds to the number of moles of a reactant that is needed to react with one mole of another reactant.

Bromobenzene is a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is primarily used as a solvent and motor oil additive, and in making other chemicals.

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Answer: Neutron

Explanation:

Protons have a positive charge (+).

Electrons have a negative charge (-).

Neutrons have no charge.

The structural formula of 4,4-dimethyl pent-2-ene is:

H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3.

This molecule contains a pent-2-ene chain which is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds with a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. The structural formula of 4,4-dimethylpent-2-ene represents the arrangement of atoms in the molecule using chemical symbols and bond lines.

The chemical symbol for carbon is "C" and for hydrogen is "H". In this structural formula, you can see that there are 5 carbon atoms (C) and 14 hydrogen atoms (H) in the molecule.

The line (-) represents a single bond, which is a covalent bond between two atoms. The double bond is represented by "=".

The molecule contains a pent-2-ene chain which is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds between the 2nd and 3rd and 4th and 5th carbon atoms. The molecule also contains two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. A methyl group is a functional group that contains one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms.

This structural formula is a way to represent the molecular structure of 4,4-dimethyl pent-2-ene in a simplified way.

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