In this experiment, the students are comparing the time it takes for each ball to fall (option B).
What is an experiment?Experiment is a test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.
According to this question, a science class is conducting an investigation to see how gravity affects objects of different masses. They drop three balls from the same height and time how long it takes the balls to hit the ground.
In this experiment, the masses of the different ball is the independent variable while the time it takes for each ball to fall is the dependent variable.
Therefore, it can be said that the students are comparing the time it takes for each ball to fall.
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28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 ml of water. the water level rises to the 49.1 ml mark. what is the density of iron? blank1 - numeric answer
When 28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated cyclinder containing 45.5 ml of water, the water level rises to 49.9 ml. The density of iron would be 7.92 g/ml approax 8 g/ml.
As we already know that density is defined as the mass divided by volume (Mass/ volume).
It is denoted by ρ.
The unit of density is g/ml
Now the Question is
Mass of iron shot = 28.5 g
Density of water at normal = 45.5 ml
Density of water when rises = 49.1 ml
ρ, density = Mass / Volume
= 28.5 g / (49.10 −45.50)mL
= 7.92 g / mL
Approximately 8 g/ml
Hence, the density of iron is 7.92 g/ml approax 8 g/ml.
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Give the iupac name for the following compound. be sure to answer all parts. ch3ch2con(ch3)ch2ch3
the IUPAC nomenclature name for ch₃ch₂con(ch₃)ch₂ch₃ for five carbon atoms is 2- METH- BUTANE
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry :
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is that the world authority on chemical nomenclature, terminology (including the naming of latest elements in the periodic table), standardized methods for measurement, atomic weights and lots of other critically-evaluated data.
What is the IUPAC naming system?
IUPAC nomenclature is predicated on naming a molecule's longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether during a continuous chain or in a ring. All deviations, either multiple bonds or atoms aside from carbon and hydrogen, are indicated by prefixes or suffixes consistent with a specific set of priorities
What is IUPAC and its function?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is that the world authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology, including the naming of latest elements in the periodic table; on standardized methods for measurement; and on atomic weights, and lots of other critically-evaluated data.
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what quantity in moles of phosphorus atoms do you have if you have 4.60 × 10²² atoms of phosphorus. (the mass of one mole of phosphorus is 30.97 g.)
4.60 * 10^22 atoms P = 4.60 * 10^22/6.023 * 10^23 mole of P
which is equal to 0.0763 mole P
What are moles?
A mole is defined as the volume of substance that has the same number of discrete entities as a 12 g sample of pure 12C (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). The Latin meaning of the term "mole" is "large mass" or "bulk," which is appropriate given that it is used as the name for this unit.
Now for the given question,
6.023 * 10^23 atoms Phosphorus = 1 mole of P
Thus, 4.60 * 10^22 atoms P = 4.60 * 10^22/6.023 * 10^23 mole of P
which is equal to 0.0763 mole P.
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difference between a perfect gas calorically perfect gas thermally perfect gas and chemically reacting gas
Lower pressure is necessary so that gases can travel independently. The temperature needs to be high for gases' kinetic energy to outweigh molecular interactions.
The ratio of the specific heat capacities for air moving at low speeds has a constant value of 1.4. The gas is said to be calorically perfect if the specific heat capacity is a constant value, and the gas is said to be calorically imperfect if the specific heat capacity varies with temperature.
A perfect gas is one that complies with the ideal gas law and has a temperature-independent heat capacity, according to physicists. An ideal gas, as we engineers call it, is one that obeys the ideal gas law plus exhibits a heat capacity that does depend on temperature.
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a "perfect gas" is an idealized gas with certain assumptions about its behavior.
The terms "perfect gas," "calorically perfect gas," "thermally perfect gas," and "chemically reacting gas" refer to different models used to describe the behavior of gases under various conditions. Here's an explanation of each:
1. Perfect Gas:
A perfect gas is an idealized model of a gas that follows certain assumptions to simplify its behavior and make calculations more manageable.
In a perfect gas, the particles have negligible volume and do not interact with each other except through elastic collisions.
The three main assumptions of a perfect gas are:
a. The gas particles have no volume.
b. There are no intermolecular forces between gas particles.
c. The collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic.
In real-world gases, these assumptions may not hold true, but the perfect gas model is still useful in many engineering and scientific applications,
especially at moderate temperatures and pressures.
2. Calorically Perfect Gas:
A calorically perfect gas is a type of perfect gas that assumes the specific heat capacity of the gas remains constant with temperature.
In other words, the heat capacity (the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance) of the gas does not change over the temperature range of interest.
This assumption simplifies the calculation of heat transfer processes involving the gas.
In reality, most gases exhibit some variation in their specific heat capacity with temperature, but for certain applications where this variation is negligible or unimportant,
the calorically perfect gas model can be used.
3. Thermally Perfect Gas:
A thermally perfect gas is another type of perfect gas that assumes constant thermal conductivity,
which means that the gas's ability to conduct heat remains constant with temperature.
This assumption simplifies the analysis of heat conduction problems involving the gas.
In actual gases, thermal conductivity may vary with temperature and pressure, but the thermally perfect gas model is useful when the variation is negligible for the given application.
4. Chemically Reacting Gas:
A chemically reacting gas is a gas in which chemical reactions are taking place, resulting in changes in the gas composition and properties.
Unlike the previous models, this description goes beyond the idealized assumptions of a perfect gas and considers the influence of chemical reactions on the gas behavior.
Chemically reacting gases are more complex to analyze since the reaction rates, products, and energy exchanges need to be taken into account.
The composition of the gas can vary with time, and it may not be appropriate to use the assumptions of a perfect gas or its variants in these cases.
In summary, a "perfect gas" is an idealized gas with certain assumptions about its behavior.
A "calorically perfect gas" assumes constant specific heat capacity,
a "thermally perfect gas" assumes constant thermal conductivity, and a "chemically reacting gas" considers the influence of chemical reactions on the gas behavior.
Each model serves specific purposes and is applied based on the level of accuracy needed for a particular analysis or problem.
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Which of the compounds, c5h12 , bai2, zn(no3)2, ocl2, are expected to exist as molecules?
Pentane ( C5H12) and Oxygen Dichloride (OCl2) would be the expected answer.
Because Pentane ( C5H12) and Oxygen Dichloride (OCl2) both are forming covalent bonds that is they are covalently connected together and they tends to contribute and share electrons in order to gain the stability.
On the other hand Barium Iodide (BaI2 ) and Zinc Nitrate Zn(NO3)2 both are forming ionic bonds that is the bond formation is due to two way electrostatic attraction. And the ionic compounds are not expected to exist as a compound.
Hence the compounds that are expected to exist as a molecule would be Pentane (C5H12) and Oxygen Dichloride (OCl2).
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a compound is found to contain 42.88 % carbon and 57.12 % oxygen by mass. what is the empirical formula for this compound?
The empirical formula for the compound containing 42.88% carbon and 57.1% oxygen by mass is Carbon Monoxide (CO).
To find the empirical formula for 42.8% carbon (C) and 57.1% oxygen (O)
First, find the molar mass of each component-
C = 12.010, O = 15.999
Converting to the moles :
C = 3.563, O = 3.568
Finding smallest mole value :
C = 3.563
Dividing all components by smallest value :
C = 1, O = 1.001
By rounding off -
C = 1, O = 1
Combining to get empirical formula : CO
Now, multiplying all by 1 ( molar mass of empirical formula/molar mass of sample = 28.01 / 28.034 ) to get molecular formula : CO
Since multiplied by 1, Therefore, the empirical formula and molecular formula are same.
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How much energy is released when a peanut is burned in a calorimeter? The temperature of 1.00Kg of water rose from 22.6°C to
26.5°C. The specific heat of water is 4.184J/g °C.
christopher shaw et al., "aluminum vaccine adjuvants: are they safe?," current medicinal chemistry 18,
The most used vaccination adjuvant is aluminum, which has been shown to be a neurotoxic in experimental settings. But it is abundantly obvious from experimental research that aluminum adjuvants have the potential to cause significant immune problems in people.
What is Aluminum vaccine adjuvants?
Aluminum adjuvants have been used extensively for almost 90 years, yet medical research still has a very limited grasp of how they work. Concerning gaps in knowledge exist on the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of certain substances. Despite this, there seems to be widespread acceptance of the idea that aluminum in vaccinations is safe.
Adjuvant-form aluminum carries a risk for autoimmune, long-term brain inflammation, and associated neurological disorders and may therefore have substantial and widespread negative health effects. According to our assessment, the likelihood that vaccine benefits may have been exaggerated and the risk of potential adverse effects underappreciated has not undergone a thorough evaluation in the medical and scientific community.
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How many moles of Zn are in 0.535 g Zn?
Answer:
The amount of zinc for a given amount are 0.0082 moles.
Explanation:
Answer:
No. of moles = 0.0082
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles of a substance given its mass, we can use the following formula:
[tex]\boxed{\mathrm{No. \ of \ moles = \frac{Mass}{Molar \ mass}}}[/tex]
The molar mass of zinc is 65 g/mol. The given mass of Zn in this question is 0.535 g. Using this information and the formula above, we can calculate the number of moles of Zn:
No. of moles = [tex]\mathrm{\frac{0.535 \ g}{65 \ g/mol}}[/tex]
= 0.0082 mol
Therefore, there are 0.0082 mol Zn in 0.535 g of Zn.
A busen burner flame is sooty black and mixed with an organige- yellow color. which is the probable reason for this condition?
Answer:
the most probable cause is an improper ratio of oxygen for combustion. :)
What is the function of enzymes within living systems? group of answer choices
a. structural elements
b. neurotransmitters
c. catalysts
d. hormones
The answer is catalysts.
What is meant by catalysts?The process of catalysis involves introducing a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the process. Catalysts are not destroyed during the reaction and are unaffected by it.Generally speaking, there are four different kinds of catalysts. Homogeneous, heterogeneous (solid), heterogenized homogeneous catalyst, and biocatalysts are the first four.Catalysts are responsible for almost everything in your daily life, including cars, Post-It notes, laundry detergent, and beer. The bread, cheddar cheese, and roast turkey from your sandwich. Paper pulp is broken down by catalysts to create the smooth paper in your magazine.What is the function of enzymes within living systems? Catalysts.
Because Enzymes work as CATALYSTS within living system.
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Each neutral element has a unique number of____ . Therefore, each element releases specific_______ when jumping down from excited state . Each chemical plement produces unique set of _______ Stars are made up of different ________. So we can identify the star's ________ by analyzing the spectrum.
Each neutral element has a unique number of electrons and protons. Therefore, each element releases specific electrons when jumping down from an excited state. Each chemical element produces a unique set of neutrons.
What are subatomic atoms?
Any of the numerous self-contained particles of matter or energy that make up the building blocks of all matter. Also known as an elementary particle. Both the heavier constituents of the atom's small but extremely dense nucleus, the positively charged protons as well as the electrically neutral neutrons, as well as the electrons, the negatively charged, nearly massless particles that still make up the majority of the atom's size, are examples of subatomic particles.
These fundamental atomic building blocks, however, are not the only subatomic particles that have been identified. For example, quarks are the fundamental building blocks of protons, neutrons, and other basic particles. The electron is only one of these particles, along with the muon and neutrino, that belong to this class.
Therefore, each neutral element has a unique number of electrons and protons. Therefore, each element releases specific electrons when jumping down from an excited state. Each chemical element produces a unique set of neutrons.
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A sulfide of gold is composed of 6.462 g of sulfur and 25.06 g of gold. calculate the percent of both elements in the compound.
A sulfide of gold is composed of 6.31g sulfur and 25.93g of gold. Determine the percent of both elements in the compound. 7. Peaches are 8.6% sugar by mass.
What is compound?A chemical compound is a substance made of numerous similar molecules (or molecular entities), each of which contains atoms from different chemical elements and is bound together by chemical bonds. Since only one element's atoms make up a molecule, it is not a compound. A chemical reaction, which could involve interactions with other molecules, can change one component into another. It's possible for atom-to-atom bonds to break or develop throughout this process.
Depending on how the atoms in the molecule are bound together, there are four main types of compounds. Covalent bonds hold together molecular molecules, while ionic bonds, metallic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds, ionic bonds,
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Observation
Aqueous
sodium hydroxide
was added dropwise and then in
excess.
A white precipitate is formed which is soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide.
Sodium hydroxide is primary in nature. It reacts with steel chlorides and forms metal hydroxides as goods. we can stumble on the formed steel hydroxide within the form of a precipitate. by way of including an excess quantity of sodium hydroxide the shaped steel hydroxide precipitate goes too soluble. when an excess of sodium hydroxide is introduced to guide nitrate, sodium plumbite is shaped which gives a colourless solution.
Sodium hydroxide solution seems like a drab liquid. extra dense than water. touch may also severely worsen skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. while lead nitrate solution is reacted with excess sodium hydroxide solution it offers a clean solution via forming lead hydroxide which is colourless in nature. while sodium hydroxide is brought drop sensible till in extra to a solution of zinc sulphate it's far found that white precipitate is shaped that's soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide.
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their is no sodium found in nature in pure form due to its reactivity what does this say about the activation energy of the reaction of sodium
Activation energy is defined as the least quantity of extra energy needed by a reacting molecule to get transformed into product.
Activation energy is nearly pertained to its rate.
According to question,
Sodium is might be a generous elements in the earth’s crust layer. It is also a extremely reactive metal, so it doesn’t sway in every direction for very long as free atoms. Since it has a single electron in its outer most shell, which it contributes willingly, Na relate with other reactive elements for the formations of compounds like NaCl and NaOH etc.
Sodium doesn't required any heating to react.
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what causes aluminum to be classifies as an element
The Periodic Table of Elements has 118 different elements, including aluminum. It is natural as a result.
13 protons and 13 electrons make up an aluminum atom. The outer shell has three valence electrons. Aluminum is a relatively soft, robust, and light metal under normal circumstances. Rarely is pure aluminum found on Earth in its free form since it is a particularly reactive element.
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What would be the limiting factor for atp production by glycolysis in a strenuously exercising muscle that lacks lactate dehydrogenase?
In a muscle without lactate dehydrogenase, the availability of NAD+ is what limits the amount of ATP that can be produced by glycolysis.
What is ATP?An organic substance called adenosine triphosphate powers a variety of biological functions in living cells, including muscular contraction, nerve impulse transmission, condensate dissolving, and chemical production.
A vital "energy molecule" present in all living things is adenosine 5′-triphosphate, also known as ATP and typically written without the 5′-. In particular, it is a coenzyme that transfers energy to cells by releasing its phosphate groups when it interacts with enzymes like ATP triphosphatase.
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Write a balanced equation from the following cell notation: mn(s) | mn2 (aq) || cd2 (aq) | cd(s)
The balanced equation can be written as follows,
[tex]Mn(s)+Cd ^ {2+} (aq)[/tex]→[tex]Mn^{2+} (aq)+Cd(s)[/tex]
How should cell notation be written?The cell's components are written in chronological order, beginning with the left hand and progressing across the salt bridge to the right. A single vertical line denotes a phase boundary, such as the one between the solid Zn electrode and Zn2+(aq) or Cl2(g) and Cl-.Cell notations are abbreviations for voltaic or galvanic (spontaneous) cells. This unique shorthand describes the reaction conditions (pressure, temperature, concentration, and so on), the anode, the cathode, and the electrode components.Chemical formulas or element symbols represent the relevant components of each half-cell. Vertical parallel lines represent all interfaces between component phases; if two or more components are present in the same phase, their formulas are separated by commas.To learn more about cell notation refer to
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How many hydrogen bonds is his 107 forming within ca ii? study the amino acid structure of his and explain why these h bonds are possible at ph 7.4.
The amino acid structure of histidine and classification.
What is histidine ?
An important amino acid that is crucial to the production of proteins is histidine. It is classified as a positively charged amino acid in terms of physiological pH since it contains a carboxylic acid group, a -amino group, and an imidazole side chain.
Arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine are the three amino acids with basic side chains at neutral pH. (His)
Because the basic nitrogen atom in imidazole of histidine has a single electron pair, metallic cations like Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ can bind to it as a coordinate ligand [26, 27]. Interaction of hydrogen bonds [28–31].
The H bond formation are possible at 7.4pH since it is the pH of our blood.
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When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the temperature of the resulting solution is lower than the temperature of the water before the salt dissolves. How can this result be explained based on bond breaking in bond making that is occurring?
Homolysis is the process of breaking a covalent single bond when, as in the first example, one of the shared pair's electrons is still present with each fragment. Heterolysis is the term for when a bond breaks while still having one fragment and both of the sharing pair's electrons, as in the second and third examples.
How can this result be explained based on bond breaking in bond making that is occurring?
Due to electrical charges and the fact that both water and salt molecules are polar, with positive and negative charges on opposite sides of the molecule, salt dissolves in water at the molecular level.
The chloride ion is negatively charged, while the sodium ion is positively charged, which is why the bonds in salt compounds are referred to as ionic. A water molecule is also ionic in nature, but the link is covalent because two hydrogen atoms place their positive charges on opposite sides of the oxygen atom, which has a negative charge. Water's covalent bonds are more powerful than salt molecules' ionic bonds, so when salt is combined with water, the salt dissolves.
The negatively charged side of the water molecules is drawn to the positively charged sodium ions, whereas the positively charged side is drawn to the negatively charged chloride ions. In essence, a tug-of-war takes place, with the water molecules coming out on top. The ionic link that held sodium and chloride ions together is broken when water molecules force the ions apart. As seen in this picture, the sodium and chloride atoms are encircled by water molecules after the salt compounds are separated. After that, the salt dissolves and forms a homogenous solution.
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27.20cm3 of a NaOH solution was titrated with 25cm3 of a 0.75mol/dm3 HNO3. What was the concentration of the NaOH solution
The Concentration of NaOH solution when NaOH solution was titrated with 25cm3 of a 0.75mol/dm3 HNO3 is 26.4 g/dm3.
Titration is a method of chemical analysis where the quantity of a sample's constituents is determined by adding a precisely measured amount of a different substance to which the desired constituent will react in a specific, known proportion.Given,
Volume of HNO3 is 25cm³ = 0.025 dm³
Amount of solute in mol = concentration in mol/dm3 × volume in dm3
Amount of HNO3 = 0.75 × 0.025 = 0.018 mol
The balanced equation is: NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
So the mole ratio NaOH:HNO3 is 1:1
Therefore 0.018 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.018 mol of HNO3.
Volume of sodium hydroxide solution 27.20cm³ =
0.027 dm³.
Concentration = 0.018 / 0.027 = 0.66 mol/ dm³
Relative formula mass of NaOH= 40
Mass = relative formula mass × amount
Mass of HCl = 40 × 0.66
= 26.4
So concentration = 26.4 g/dm3
Therefore, concentration of NaOH is 26.4 g/dm3
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Why is the sky blue In earth and space science
What is the molarity of lioh after 274 ml of 5.00 m lioh are diluted with an additional (not total) 484 ml of water?
The molarity of LiOH is 1.81 M.
c₁(LiOH) = 5.00 M; original concentration of the solution of LiOH, before it gets diluted
V₁(LiOH) = 274 mL; volume to be diluted
V₂(LiOH) = 274 mL + 484 mL
V₂(LiOH) = 758 mL; the final volume after dilution
c₂(LiOH) = ?; final concentration of the solution, after dilution
c₁ · V₁ = c₂ · V₂; formula for calculation the molarity of a diluted solution
c₂(LiOH) = c₁ · V₁ ÷ V₂
c₂(LiOH) = 5.00 M · 274 mL ÷ 758 mL.
c₂(LiOH) = 1.81 M; molarity of LiOH
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What is the name of the compound N2Cl4?
How did you determine the bond type?
What were the steps you used to determine the naming convention for the compound?
The name of the given compound N₂Cl₄ is Dinitrogen Tetrachloride. The compound N₂Cl₄ comprises non-metals (nitrogen and chlorine), therefore bond type between them is covalent bond. The steps used to name the compound is nomenclature used for covalent bonding.
Type of bond can be determined by -
An atom follows octet rule, which means they have 8 electrons in its valence shell. It occurs by sharing or transferring of electrons. A covalent bond is formed when the electrons are shared, and an ionic bond is formed when the electrons are transferred.The given compound has molecular formula N₂Cl₄. Both nitrogen and chlorine are the non-metallic compounds and they are electronegative. This means they gain electrons. Nitrogen and chlorine will complete its octet by sharing the electrons which means they form a covalent bond.Steps used to determine naming convention for the compound are -
In the given compound, two central nitrogen atoms are bonded by the covalent bond by sharing the valence electrons. Two chlorine atoms are connected to each the nitrogen atom by forming the covalent bond. A molecule of the given compound has two nitrogen atoms and four chlorine atoms.Identifying the name of compound -Two atoms of nitrogen = Dinitrogen (di represents two)
Four atoms of chlorine = Tetrachlorine (tetra represents four)
Therefore, N₂Cl₄ is Dinitrogen tetrachloride
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The average temperature in the mountains is 65° in April. The average temperature in that same spot is −5° in December. Determine how much warmer this location is in April than in December, and determine which temperature is the farthest away from 0°.
65 + |−5| = 70°, 65° is the farthest from 0°
65 − |−5| = 60°, 65° is the farthest from 0°
65 + |−5| = 70°, −5° is the farthest from 0°
65 − |−5| = 60°, −5° is the farthest from 0°
Answer:
A 65 + |−5| = 70°, 65° is the farthest from 0°
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
This question involves absolute value which makes negative positive
which is farther from 0, 5 or 65?
what is the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 40.0 ml of 0.0706 m ammonium sulfate to 500.00 ml
The molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 40.0 ml of 0.0706 m ammonium sulfate to 500.00 ml is
Molarity of solution = M₁
Molarity of Ammonium sulfate (M₂) = 0.0706 m
Volume of Solution (V₁) = 40.0 ml
Volume of ammonium sulfate (V₂) = 500.00 ml
According to Dilution formula - M₁V₁=M₂V₂
M₁ = M₂V₂/V₁
M₁ = 0.0706 m × 500 × 10⁻³ L/ 40× 10⁻³ L
M₁ = 0.8825 m
Molarity is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 litre of solution. It is used to measure concentration of a solution. It is also called amount concentration, molar concentration or substance concentration.
Concentration of solution can also be measured using molality, normality etc.
Units: Moles/ litre
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Which is not a desirable aspect of titanium as a material:______
a. good corrosion resistance in salt water
b. high specific strength
c. easy manufacturing in open air environments
d. high yield strength
The correct answer is option C. Easy manufacturing in open air environments is not the desirable aspect of titanium.
What is Titanium?
Although titanium is generally known for its low weight, strength, and great corrosion resistance, it is less well known for its other qualities and its true capabilities. After extensive experimentation following its discovery in 1790, the 'new' metal titanium began to be produced industrially in 1948.
The inorganic compound with the chemical formula TiO 2 is titanium dioxide, sometimes referred to as titanium(IV) oxide or titania. Its names as a pigment include Pigment White 6, Titanium White, and CI 77891.
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How does the carbonate ion concentration of seawater affect the calcification rate of a coral reef?
As the concentration of carbonate ions is increased, the speed of calcification increases.
Why is carbonate important for ocean life?
Calcium carbonate minerals are the life blocks for the skeletons and shells of several marine organisms. In areas where most life now congregates within the ocean, the seawater is supersaturated with regard to calcium carbonate minerals.
How do organisms use carbonate?
the most way is via photosynthesis by phytoplankton, where CO2 and sunlight are wont to produce sugars and a waste product of oxygen. carbon are often utilized in the calcium carbonate shells of animals including corals, clams, mussels, oysters.
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4.81 ml is taken from a stock solution of concentration 0.800 m and added to a 10.0 ml volumetric flask and diluted up to the calibration mark. what is the new concentration (in m)?
4.81 ml is taken from a stock solution of concentration 0.800 m and added to a 10.0 ml volumetric flask and diluted up to the calibration mark.
What is concentration of a solution?
The amount of solute present in a specific volume of a solution is its concentration. It can be formulated in a variety of ways. The "percentage approach" is the most used way to express a solution's concentration.
Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution
Here, the concentration of the solution is 0.800 M and the volume of solution is 4.81 ml ( = 0.00481 liter )
So,
0.800 = moles of solute ÷ 0.00481
Or, moles of solute = 0.003848 mole
Now, 4.81 ml solution is poured in a 10 ml ( = 0.01 leter) volumetric flask and diluted up to the calibration mark.
Here, the volume of the solution = volume of the flask
And the moles of solute remains same.
So,
Concentration (M)= 0.003848 ÷ 0.01
= 0.3848
The new concentration will be 0.3848 M.
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you use 25% ethyl acetate (an ester) in hexane to run a tlc and obtain a single round spot with an rf of 0.9 for the main compound. what would you do?conclude that the sample is pure.assume that tlc will be useless and find a different way to see if the sample if pure.try a completely different set of solvents, as ethyl acetate and hexanes will never work.try 10% ethyl acetate to see the results.try 35% ethyl acetate to see the results.
Try 35% ethyl acetate to see the results, this is because adding more ethyl acetate will increase the polarity and the compounds get easily separated.
In TLC, the polarity between the stationary phase and mobile phase is the basis for mixture separation. In accordance with the "like dissolves like" principle, polar substances can only dissolve in other polar substances, while non-polar substances may only dissolve in other non-polar substances. Consequently, when two compounds with different levels of polarity are present, the more polar molecule interacts with silica more strongly and is therefore better able to displace the mobile phase from the accessible binding sites. The less polar compound thus travels higher up the plate (resulting in a higher Rf value).
However, changing the mobile phase to a more polar solvent or mixture of solvents improves binding to the polar plate and thereby displacing solutes from it, causing all compounds on the TLC plate to rise higher up the plate. It is a prevalent belief that although "weak" eluents hardly move the examined compounds, "strong" eluents drive them up the plate.
Therefore, all compounds move longer and have a larger Rf when a mobile phase is made more polar than it was originally.
Since hexane has a non-polar property while ethyl acetate has a polar property. As a result, adding 35% ethyl acetate will enhance the polarity, making it easier to separate the compounds.
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