A cell has two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, which we will call chromosomes Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb (chromosomes Ia and Ib are homologs, and chromosomes IIa and IIb are homologs). Allele M is located on the long arm of chromosome Ia, and allele m is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele P is located on the short arm of chromosome Ia, and allele p is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele R is located on chromosome IIa and allele r is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele G is located on the long arm (q arm) of chromosome Ia, and allele g is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele N is located on the q arm of chromosome IIa and allele n is located at the same position of chromosome IIb.

Required:
a. Draw these chromosomes, identifying genes R, r, G, g, N, and n as they might appear in metaphase I of meiosis. Assume there is no crossing over.
b. Taking independent assortment and the subsequent random separation of chromosomes in anaphase I, draw the chromosomes, with genes identified, present in all possible gametes that could result once this cell completes meiosis. As above, assume there is no crossing over. Explain in your own words what is meant by independent assortment.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Note: You will find the chromosomes and the gametes in the attached files

Chromosomes:

IA    ----------G-----о---------IB     -----------g-----о----------IIA    --------N--------------о------R----IIB   ---------n--------------о-------r----      

Gametes:

Gamete 1:  GNR          Gamete 2: Gnr            Gamete 3: gNRGamete 4: gnr

Independent assortment occurs when the alleles of two or more different genes distribute in the gametes independently from each other.

Explanation:

Available data:

two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes

IA     -------------------о-----------

IB     -------------------о-----------

IIA    ----------- ------------о------------

IIB    ------------------------о------------

chromosomes Ia and Ib are homologs

IA     -------------------о-----------

IB     -------------------о-----------

chromosomes IIa and IIb are homologs

IIA    -----------------------о------------

IIB    ------------------------о------------

Allele M is located on the long arm of chromosome Ia, and allele m is located at the same position on chromosome Ib

IA     -------M----------о-----------

IB     -------m----------о-----------

Allele P is located on the short arm of chromosome Ia, and allele p is located at the same position on chromosome Ib.

IA     -------M----------о------P---

IB     -------m----------о------p----

Allele R is located on chromosome IIa and allele r is located at the same position on chromosome IIb.

IIA    ------------------------о------R----

IIB    ------------------------о-------r----

Allele G is located on the long arm (q arm) of chromosome Ia, and allele g is located at the same position on chromosome Ib.

IA     -------M---G-----о------P---

IB     -------m----g-----о------p----

Allele N is located on the q arm of chromosome IIa and allele n is located at the same position of chromosome IIb.

IIA    --------N--------------о------R----

IIB    ---------n--------------о-------r----

A). Draw these chromosomes, identifying genes R, r, G, g, N, and n as they might appear in metaphase I of meiosis. Assume there is no crossing over.

IA     ----------G-----о---------

IB     -----------g-----о----------

IIA    --------N--------------о------R----

IIB    ---------n--------------о-------r----

During metaphase I, homologous pairs together migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles. The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells. When tetrads aline in the equatorial plane, there is no predetermined order for each of the homologous chromosomes of each tetrad to face one of the poles and then migrate to it while separating. Any chromosome of the homologous pair might face any of the poles and then migrate to it. Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. When the new haploid cells are formed, the number of variations in each cell is also different and depends on the chromosomes that form that cell. This random order in the equatorial plane is what introduces variation into the gametes. It is almost impossible that two gametes resulting from meiosis will get the same genetic charge.

B). Taking independent assortment and the subsequent random separation of chromosomes in anaphase I, draw the chromosomes, with genes identified, present in all possible gametes that could result once this cell completes meiosis. As above, assume there is no crossing over. Explain in your own words what is meant by independent assortment.

Independent assortment occurs when the alleles of two or more different genes distribute in the gametes independently from each other. In other words, a gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend on nor influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This can only be applied to independent genes. An organism gets only one of the members of the chromatids pair of each parent.

During gamete formation in meiosis, the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate after crossing over, and then chromatids sisters also separate, resulting in the formation of four gametes. Each gamete has different information from the combination of homologous chromosomes belonging to the father and to the mother.

There are four possible combinations, considering that there is no crossing over.

Gamete 1:   GNRGamete 2: GnrGamete 3: gNRGamete 4: gnr

A Cell Has Two Pairs Of Submetacentric Chromosomes, Which We Will Call Chromosomes Ia, Ib, IIa, And IIb

Related Questions

Inorganic, crystalline substances found naturally within earth are known as

Answers

Answer:

Minerals.

Explanation:

Minerals can be defined as any form of naturally occurring, inorganic solid substance characterized by a crystal structure. Also, minerals are homogeneous in nature with a defined chemical composition and characterized by a crystal structure comprising of ions, atoms, or molecules in an orderly arrangement.

Generally, molecules attach on the inside of a mineral to give it shape. Therefore, the molecule of a mineral is a crystal three-dimensional regular structure (arrangement) of chemical particles that are bonded together and determines its shape.

Due to the fact that these molecules are structurally arranged or ordered and are repeated by different symmetrical and translational operations they determine the shape of minerals.

Hence, inorganic, crystalline substances found naturally within earth are known as minerals. Some examples of minerals are iron, copper, aluminum, tin, coal, quartz, feldspar, mica, etc.

what is the origin of golgi apparatus​

Answers

Answer:

In most eukaryotes, the Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of compartments and is a collection of fused, flattened membrane-enclosed disks known as cisternae (singular: cisterna, also called "dictyosomes"), originating from vesicular clusters that bud off the endoplasmic reticulum.

Explanation:

what type of pollination happens when pollen grains from anther are transferred to the stigma of a flower what belongs to the same plant?
A.across-pollination
B.auto-pollination
C.cross-pollination
D.self-pollination​

Answers

Answer:

It is D

Explanation:

Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.

Rattlesnake Species
100
Average Length (cm)
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 %
60
Mojave
Massasauga
Western
Diamondback
O
Black-tailed
1. Which type of information about rattlesnakes
does the bar graph above show? SCIL15.2
adaptation
evolution
mimicry
variation

I needdd helpppp plssss

Answers

Answer:

cool

Explanation:

this is easy I am not going to waist a lot of time but I will give you a cool video to watch in you tube

7. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare.

Answers

Answer: In Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water is yielded to glucose and oxygen. In respiration, glucose and oxygen is yielded to carbon dioxide and water. C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2(oxygen) → CO2(Carbon Dioxide) + H2O(water) + ATP energy. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. Notice that the equation for cellular respiration is the direct opposite of photosynthesis: Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O.

Explanation:

plzzzzzzz help my lil sister out she wont stop texting me while im working

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

It will only be 78% in 2040

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

63% of our energy comes from fossil fuels.

What are three examples of protists?

A.amoeba

B.paramecium

C.euglena

D.fungi

Answers

Answer:A,B,C

Explanation:

Which of the following correctly explains the differences between artificial and natural selection?

Answers

Not sure what the options are, but artificial selection would be when farmers/breeders choose only to plant/breed the organism with desired characteristics in order to cause the evolution of the trait while natural selection is when organisms that are better adapted to their environment usually survive and produce offspring, causing the evolution of their traits which help them to survive.

Hope that helps!

A population of rabbits lives in a grassy field that is lush and green in summer and covered in snow in winter. At the start of the summer, 75% of the population are white rabbits, and the remaining 25% of the population are brown rabbits. In rabbits, white (W) is dominant over brown (w). During the summer, the field where they live experiences a drought. The summer drought lasts for two years, through many generations of rabbits.
Which prediction BEST estimates the expected percent of white and brown rabbits in the population at the end of the drought?

Answers

Answer:

The rabbit population will consist of 35% white rabbits and 65% brown rabbits.

Explanation:

hope this helps!

The rabbit population will consist of 35% white rabbits and 65% brown rabbits.

What are the limiting factors of the rabbit population?

Until a limiting factor, such as low reproduction, food scarcity, predation, disease, and/or weather conditions restrict populations, the population tends to grow.

Some density-dependent limiting factors are the spread of pathogens, competition for nesting locations, the destruction of habitat, increase in the population of predators. Several predators, including raptors and coyotes, use rabbits as food, but in urban and suburban areas, cats and dogs pose the biggest threat. Some abiotic limiting factors are drought, flood, earthquake, and all types of natural disasters.

Thus, the rabbit population will consist of 35% white rabbits and 65% brown rabbits.

Learn more about the limiting factors of rabbits, here:

brainly.com/question/30240837

#SPJ2

The green machines within a plant are the blank.
Lysosomes chloroplasts mitochondria

Answers

The green machines within a plant are the blank.
chloroplasts are the green machines

brief explain the roles of the following in photosynthesis 1 NADP 2) Ribubose diphostate 3) photosytem 1 ad 2​

Answers

Answer:

1) NADP is the reducing agent produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and is consumed in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis and used in many other anabolic reactions in both plants and animals.

3) Photosystems are the functional units for photosynthesis, defined by a particular pigment organization and association patterns, whose work is the absorption and transfer of light energy, which implies transfer of electrons. Physically, photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes. There are two kinds of photosystems: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II 

● PhotosystemSII acts first during the light transformation process in photosynthesis.

● Photosystem1 is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from 

plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by carrier NADPH.

How do mosses and ferns reproduce?


with spores


with seeds


with eggs


with sperm
I think the answer is -> SPORES <-

Answers

It is with sperm and eggs, which are housed in spores in both species, so I’d say spores is the safest answer.

True or False: There are only a couple of different ecosystems on Earth.​

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment. There are so many different types of communities on Earth!

False there are many types of ecosystems in the world

Label flower parts on it

Answers

Answer:

AntherFilamentStamenStigmaStyleOvaryPistilOvum/OvulePetalSepal

HELP ME PLEASE ILL GIVE YOU POINTS AND BRAINLIEST

word bank :
methane
reemitted heat
reradiated heat
solar radiation
carbon dioxide

label the diagram

Answers

Answer:

A= Methane

B= Carbon Dioxide

C= Solar Radiation

D= reemitted heat

E = reradiated heat

Sauce me brainliest

it is where exchange of nutrient,oxygenated and unoxygenated,blood takes place​

Answers

Answer: The cardiovascular system (the heart)

Explanation: It pumps the blood the right side pumps deoxygenated blood, meanwhile the left pumps oxygenated blood

Hope this helps :)

What do you think energy really is?

Answers

Answer:

sugar

Explanation:

The following lines from Frost's "The Road Not Taken" indicate what about the Speaker? Line 2: And sorry I could not travel both Line 3: And be one traveler long I stood A. The spaaker is waiting for someone TOT a long time ("long I stood"). B The speaker is traveling by himself- just "one traveler." C. The speaker is sorry he can't travel both roads can you help me

With a ruler, draw a line that is 20 cm long. Divide the line into five, 4-cm segments. On a scale of each segment representing one billion years, label the following events in the history of Earth:
a. formation of the earth
b. origin of life
c. evolution of photosynthesis
d. evolution of eukaryotes
e. evolution of multi-cellular life
f. the Cambrian explosion
g. first vertebrate land animals
h. evolution of dinosaurs
i. evolution of human beings

Answers

Solution:

The first traces of the life that existed on the earth can be traced back to about as old as 4.2 billion years. It indicates that life has evolved around 200 million years ago after the first appearance of the liquid water.

The origin of the life on earth is a natural process and is a series of evolution what we see today. Firstly earth was formed by dust and smoke particles and then different forms of life began to evolved on the earth.

The events of the evolution in the history of the earth is shown on the following number line below :

 

Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem
service that forests provide?
habitat for wildlife
reduce soil erosion
lumber
carbon sink
all of the choices are ecosystem services

Answers

Answer:

All of the choices are ecosystem services.

Explanation:

Trees' roots hold soil down so it doesn't move everywhere and they recycle carbon into oxygen. In addition, they provide us wood and beautiful wildlife!

Have a great day!

The ecosystem services are all the benefits provided by the ecosystem to human. Otion A) habitat for wildlife is not an ecosystem service.

What are the Ecosystem Services?

When talking about ecosystem services, we are referring to the goods and services offered by ecosystems to human populations

There are different types of ecosystemic services:

Provision or supply:

These are the products obtained by nature to be used or consumed, directly or with previous processing.

Among them, we can mention food, clear fresh-water, fertile soils, geotic materials, raw materials (used for clothing, construction), renewable fuels, biochemical compounds, pharmacological/medicinal resources, and others.

Regulation:

Refers to ecological processes that improve life.

Among others, we might mention climate regulation, CO₂ absorption, water purification, air purification, erosion control, natural disaster avoidance such as flooding, soil formation and fertility maintenance, nutrient cycling, waste recycling, pests/plagues control, etc.

Cultural:

Refers to the benefits that are not material.

Ecosystems also provide a recreational place or area to spend time, learn. They are a spiritual/religious space, a source of inspiration. They are considered to be cultural patrimony and the source of scientific knowledge.

Among th options, the one that is not a ecosystemic service is option A) habitat for

You can learn more about ecosystemic services at:

https://brainly.com/question/2189549

.

Describe how knowing the column (group) number is a "cheat code" for determining the number and types of bonds that an element can form.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The columns of the periodic table are able to inform the number and type of connection that the elements can make. This is because the number of each column informs the number of electrons in the valence layer of the elements. The amount of electrons in the valence layer is what determines the amount and type of bond that the elements make. The elements in column 1, for example, have 1 electron in the valence layer and therefore will make 1 covalent bond. The elements of columns 15, as another example, have 5 electrons in the valence layer and will need to make 3 ionic or covalent bonds.

To describe how knowing the group number is a cheat code to determine the type of bonds that can be formed, we should first define periodic table

What is periodic table

Periodic Table is a series of elements in which they are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number from left to right but the table also have groups (column) from up to downwards each group have atoms with same number of electrons in their last shell due to which they all have almost similar properties such as same magnetic properties ,same number of bonds formation, metallic character .

We can say that similarity in properties of members of same group is due to same number of valance electrons . For example group 14 i.e. Carbon Family ,all elements of this group will have 4 valance electrons and will form 4 bonds by sharing of their electrons.

For more information on periodic table, visit

https://brainly.com/question/15987580

Mitosis occurs in certain types of eukaryotic cells called:
A. Gametes
B. Somatic cells
C. Sex cells
D. Egg and sperm cell

Answers

Answer: somatic cells

Explanation: the other three don’t cause mitosis, instead cause meiosis

Once homeostasis is reached, no changes or adjustments are needed because permanent balance has been reached

-true
-false​

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Which best describes a recessive allele?

A. Always inherited from a parent when a dominant allele is inherited from the other parent.
B. Never inherited from a parent when a dominant allele is inherited from the other parent.
C. Only determines phenotype when a dominant allele for the same trait is present.
D. Does not determine phenotype when a dominant allele for the same trait is present.

Answers

Answer:

B!

Explanation:

A recessive allele can't be shown in the child unless there is no dominant allele.

Hope this helps, please mark me brainliest if it does! :)

Answer:option d

Explanation:

because ressesive alleles is not exhibited when a dominant allele is present. it may help to find genotype but not phenotype.

3. If an engine exerts 250N of force and moves an object 6.0 meters, how much work did it do? 06
(1 Point)
O 0.024 J
C
42 J
O 41.6 J
O 1500 J

Answers

Answer:

1500J

Explanation:

work =force *distance

250*6=1500

What is the energy molecule that is being used during photosynthesis?

A. H2O

B. NADPH

C. Mitochondria

D. ATP

Answers

ATP i think! Have a good day, and good luck!
The right answer -ATP 100%

How can humans reduce
the impact of a storm surge?

Answers

Explanation:

reducing the impact Global climate change may result in increased storm surge flooding in some areas, through intensification of the cyclones driving the storm surges and as a result of sea level rise. Mangroves can reduce storm surge water levels by slowing the flow of water and reducing surface waves.

why is there a crisis if "energy can neither be created or destroyed"?

Answers

Answer: Scientists say that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, so therefore it is impossible for there to be an energy crisis.

Explanation:

I'm pretty sure I'm right

Answer:

There is a problem because if energy is created as machines worked everything would speed up until it breaks, and if energy was destroyed as machines worked everything would eventually slow down and stop. So in both cases the world would end, a whimper in one a bang in the other.

Explanation:

Reference: How things Work Now(book)

The diagram below represents a planet revolving in an elliptical orbit around a star.
Star
Planet →
As the planet makes one complete revolution around the star, starting at the position shown, the gravitational attraction between the star and the planet will:
O Decrease, then increase.
o Increase, then decrease.
Continually decrease
Remain the same

Answers

A planet: planet makes one complete revolution around the star

How would you describe Lysine? (Select all that apply)
a. It is a fairly large amino acid
b. It is a relatively small amino acid
c. It is flexible
d. It is very rigid
e. It is polar (partial charges only)
f. It is nonpolar
g. It is fully charged

Answers

Answer:

Lysine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements.

Explanation:

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by too much glucose buildup in the blood. In _________diabetes, this is because the target cells of the body become resistant to the effects of__________ insulin ; in later stages of this type of diabetes, the pancreas begins to fail as well. In type 2 diabetes, this is because there are a decreased number of_________ cells available to secrete insulin; this results in an insufficient amount of insulin to meet the demands of the body.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer would be - Type 2, and beta respectively.

Explanation:

There are two types of two diabetes; type 1 and type 2. Type 2 daibetes is

When you have type 2 diabetes, your fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. As a result, blood sugar does not get into these cells to be stored for energy.

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Explain three types eye protection and their appropriate uses Jack invested $7,600 in an account paying an interest rate of 6\tfrac{1}{4}6 4 1 % compounded continuously. John invested $7,600 in an account paying an interest rate of 6\tfrac{3}{4}6 4 3 % compounded quarterly. After 19 years, how much more money would John have in his account than Jack, to the nearest dollar? All of the following are in example kinetic energy except?Light energyThermal energyMechanical energyChemical energy Is borrowing money a Delegated power Reserved power Concurrent power True or FalseProkaryotic cells generally have a higher surface area to volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. In a command market economy, who decides what goods or services should be produced?A.Individual businessesB.EntrepreneursC.The citizensD.The government five examples of artworks of East Asia. I need help please. Read the following excerpt from Susan B. Anthony's speech "On Women's Right to Vote" and think about how the speaker tries to persuade her audience.Webster, Worcester, and Bouvier all define a citizen to be a person in the United States, entitled to vote and hold office.The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities. Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is everyone against Negroes.What kind of persuasive appeal does Anthony use in this excerpt?A: Appeals to ethics.B: Appeals to logic.C: Counterarguments.D: Appeals to emotion. Acotacin del lobo de la capeucita roja Which term describes the rights that are necessary for people to enjoy their lives? Government Civic Fundamental Responsibilities please help me on this will give you brainliest Explain Explain the Inputs and tools and techniques for determine budget with an example of London eye project and burj khalifa hey guys im not begging for help here but ive been stuck for 10 minutes and my time is running out! Read the excerpt from Tools of the Spymaster." General Gates's troops held their ground. Benedict Arnold, one of Gates's generals, argued for a counterattack that would smash the British force. Gates, outraged that Arnold would challenge his order, took away his command. But the rash Arnold saw a chance to strike a crucial blow. He galloped through the crossfire of both armies, inspiring his men. A bullet struck his leg, but he rode on, leading the final assault that shattered the British fortifications. If he had died of his wounds that day, Arnold would be remembered as one of the great heroes of the Revolutionary War. What evidence in the excerpt suggests that Benedict Arnold was a brave soldier? He did not die from his wounds in the battle. General Gates took away his command. A bullet struck his leg when he crossed the battlefield. He galloped through the crossfire of both armies Children are likely to carry on the economic tildes of there parents in a __? A:mixed economy B:command economy C:traditional economy D: market economy If you answer correctly the first one will get brainliest so plz answer correctly Which process in photosynthesis uses energy from the sun?(1 point) A splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen B combining carbon dioxide and hydrogen C absorbing carbon dioxide D releasing oxygen eddie who earns $5 per hour worked two hours longer zach who earns $12 per hour. together they earn $30 2, If you heat water to 100 C, it ..a) boilsb) boilc) will boilplease help 1. 1918: The SuperbugThe Spanish flu killed 4050 million people.2. 1957: Asian FluAsian flu caused 70,000 deaths in the United States.3. 1968: Another PandemicThe Hong Kong flu killed 34,000 Americans.4. 1986: Dont Eat the MeatBSE was first diagnosed in Britain.5. 1996: A Bad BurgerThe first human death from BSE was recorded.What conclusion can be drawn about infectious diseases, based on this timeline?